Chapter 10 - Attitudes To Empire - The Role And Influence Of Individuals Flashcards
Who were the main individuals of the Empire 1890-1914?
Joseph Chamberlain
Cecil Rhodes
Viceroy Curzon
Evelyn Baring
Alfred Milner
What did Chamberlain turn down other roles to be?
Secretary of State for the Colonies
What was he before he was a Liberal Member of Parliament?
Mayor of Birmingham
What were his actions?
Initiated the Uganda Railway
Allowed the annexation of Ashantiland
Supervised Royal Niger Company
Supported Jameson Raid
In charge when success in Boer War
What did Chamberlain chair to propose imperial defence + customs union?
Colonial Conferences 1897 + 1902
Who did these conferences only include?
Self-governing white settler colonies
Rejected C ideas
What was C a strong advocate of?
‘Colonial development’
Invested in less profitable areas of empire - believes it’s his imperial duty
How was C viewed in the Boer war 1899?
National hero
What campaign did he start?
Tariff reform
Give colonies imperial preference + access to duty free B market
What distributed large numbers of leaflets + played C recorded messages?
A Tariff Reform League
What did he think favourable trade would do?
Benefit B
Reduce unemployment
What did he fail to do?
Get support of cons
Failed to convince public -feared rises in cost of living
What were the voting results in 1906?
Gave Liberals their greatest majority since 1830s
Chamberlain had a stroke shortly after + political career over
What had Cecil Rhodes been promoted to?
PM of Cape Colony in 1890
What did he convince people of using his power, fortune + newspapers?
It was the right + duty of Anglo-Saxons to dominate Africa + beyond
What did he want up link B rule?
From North of SA to Egypt + Sudan
What did he do in 1899?
Sent settlers to Fort Salisbury
To open up territory
Known as the Rhodesias in his honour
What was his big project?
A railway line from Cape to Bechuanaland - then eventually Nile
Why was this never completed?
German occupation of East Africa in 1891
When did Rhodes resign from his post as PM?
1896
After Jameson Raid
Died 6 years later
What publicity work did he do to promote the empire?
Funds helped to support BE after death + create a pressure group called the Round Table in 1910
Who were the main colonial administrators?
Viceroy Curzon
Evelyn Baring
Alfred Milner
What did PM Salisbury appoint Curzon in 1899?
Viceroy of India
What did Curzon produce from his travels?
Books on Russia + Persia
What did he create when he was concerned with Russian expansion?
The North-West Frontier Province 1901
(A province in N Pakistan between Afghanistan and Jammu and Kashmir: part of British India from 1901 until 1947; of strategic importance, esp for the Khyber Pass.)
What did he believe?
That B had a moral imperial duty
What actions did he do in India?
Improved administration + agriculture - irrigation projects
Re-armed native regiments
Expanded provincial police
Promoted medical + scientific research
6,000 miles of railway
What did he create to give Indian Nobles military roles and officer positions?
Imperial Cadets Corps
What ways did he honour colonial India?
Delhi Durbar 1903
Restored Taj Mahal
What was his opinion of Indians?
Saw them as less than him
Was wary of giving them responsibility
What did he do to try and settle disputes in Bengal?
Partition of Bengal
Backfired + resigned same year
What was Evelyn Baring’s role in the BE?
Consul-General in Egypt
What did he believe?
Imperialism should be based on Christian morals
What Doctrine did he create?
‘Granville Doctrine’
Could dismiss Egyptian ministers who refused to accept B directives
What was the structure of Egypt classed as?
Veiled protectorate
B actually had all the power
Worked as Tewfiq was weak and happy with structure
Why was the Egyptian army disbanded?
Seen as untrustworthy
New army was organised like B in India
What did Baring do in Egypt?
Dealt with budget, irrigation projects + helped economics
When did he believe B control in Egypt would end?
When Egyptian people had learned proper self-governance
What did the new leader Abbas Hilmi II want to do?
Overthrow B - created nationalist movement
Bullied into submission
What did Baring see as a big problem in Egypt?
Arabian customs:
Acceptance of slavery
Treatment of women
Justice system
What changes did he make?
Stopped slavery in E
Outlawed kurbash (leather whip)
Stopped drugs coming in by creating Camel corps
Regulated alcohol sales
Closed gambling houses
Stopped money lending - made a bank
Why was he forced to resign?
After Denshawai
What did parliament award Baring for his ‘eminent services’?
£50,000
What did he do when he returned to B?
Prevented women’s political rights as President of the men’s league
What was Milner’s role in the BE?
Was administrator in Egypt
Then B High Commissioner for Southern Africa
Who did he share views with?
Chamberlain
What did he create that were named after him?
English-speaking ‘Milner schools’
What did he want?
Full citizenship rights for the Uitilanders after 5 years residence
By Bloemfontein Conference decided to use force
What is he known most for?
Taking B into the Boer War
What did Milner do when B annexed Orange Free State + Transvaal?
Took over administration of these areas
What did he negotiate as High Commissioner?
The Peace of Vereeniging
What did he do after the war?
Him + ‘Milners Kindergarten’ - lawyers, helped resettle Boers + promoted economic growth
What did he want to do?
Increase B settlers
Eventually had to employ Chinese to make up labour shortfall - were badly treated + B public found out
