Chapter 11 - Attitudes Towards Imperialism In Britain Flashcards
When was Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee?
1897
Who was the Empire supported by?
Ruling elites
How was the Empire justified?
It was a ‘responsibility’ or ‘burden’ put onto the B to put order to the world
What did the liberals want from the empire?
To educate and improve the colonies for the end aim of self-rule
What did the conservatives want for the empire?
Imperialists
Wanted expansion
Turn it into an economic superpower
What did Milner say?
‘Every white man of birth should feel equally at home in every state of the Empire’
What did Chamberlain say was the ‘National crisis’?
Development of industry + military development of other powers
Say only Empire could solve
What did he believe the empire could do?
Industrial recovery
Provide employment
Fund pensions
Why did he educate the public about it?
It would promise benefits + win support from working class
What did most imperialists want?
Colonial development + imperial preference
What societies were for imperialists?
Royal Colonial Institute - for people interested in colonial + Indian affairs
What was a non-political organisation founded by women?
Victoria League
Promote closer union between different parts of the BE
What was made by Lord Milner to promote a closer union between B + self-gov colonies?
The Round Table movement
What was another pro-imperial group?
Empire Day movement
Only started being celebrated in 1902 + recognised by govt 1916
Who also emphasised the ‘imperial family’ with newspapers?
Leo Amery (India)
Lord Beverbrook (Canada)
What did the economist John A. Hobson say about imperial expansion?
It was a ‘capitalist plot’
What led to a govt enquiry into the conditions of B concentration camps during the Boer War?
Reports from welfare campaigner Emily Hobhouse
What was the artist called that created anti-war illustrations?
Walter Crane
What did Wilfred Blunt do to challenge imperialist ideas?
Was a poet + imitated pro-imperialist Kipling
What were pro-imperialists hidden under?
Strong imperialist support
What was exposed after the Boer war?
B national efficiency wasn’t very good
Had to rely on troops from colonies to support them
What percentage of recruits were tested and found unfit?
40%
What was this due to?
Poor diet + weak living conditions
How did they improve education?
1902 Education Act
Raise school standards + open 1000 schools
What did the B modernise to compete with Germany?
Royal Navy
What was the ‘Imperial College’?
A new centre of technological, medical + scientific excellence
What other liberal reforms were made?
Free school meals
Children’s welfare charter
Old age pensions
Trade board act
Unemployment and health insurance
Who was the PM that enforced these reforms?
David Lloyd George
How was enthusiasm for the empire spread?
Greater spread of education
Emergence of mass politics
Greater franchise
Spread of adverts + news
Why between 1890 + 1914 was it a ‘golden age’ for newspapers?
Technological advances in printing
Emergence of professional journalist - could reach to a new mass audience
What newspaper did Alfred Harmsworth make?
Daily Mail - cheap populist newspaper
How many copies a day was it selling during the Boer War?
1 million
Shamed Boers + Kruger while praising B
What did the Daily Mail also publish?
Patriotic books:
Spies of Wight
The Enemy in Our Midst
What famous imperialist poem did Rudyard Kipling write?
‘The White Man’s Burden’
What was a popular genre of book that came out?
Romantic fiction of empire
Who were two big authors of this?
Gertrude Page
Mary Gaunt
Where was imperialist music played?
Music + concert halls
Churches
Coronations
Jubilees
Pageants
Exhibitions
Who was the most famous composer of imperialist music?
Edward Elgar
What did he write?
An ‘Imperial March’ for Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee
What children’s comics had empire themes?
Boys own paper
Girls own paper
Both read in schools + churches
What did Howard Spicer set up?
Boys of the Empire magazine
Boys’ Empire League - had 7000 members
Who established the Boy Scout movement in 1908?
Robert Baden-Powell
What was Scouts designed to do?
Train defenders of the empire
Earned badges
What did other youth organisations have?
Christianity :
Anglican Church Lads’ Brigade
The Girls’ Friendly Society
What in schools emphasised the glories of empire?
History + Geography books
Empire Day
What book for babies had imperialism?
ABC for Baby Patriots
What architecture was made by Baker + Lutyens?
Johannesburg Art Gallery
British Pavilion
Design of New Delhi for govt of India
What big events were celebrated?
Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee 1897
King George V’s coronation + festival of empire
What was included in the Festival of Empire?
Dramatisation of history of London
Military band + 500 voice chorus
Sports championship (later Commonwealth games)
Souvenir books + postcards
Media reports
