Chapter 16 - Attitudes To Empire - The Role And Influence Of Individuals

Question 1

What did B do to secure Indian support in WW1?

Answer 1

Made ambiguous promises

Question 2

Who helped the Indian National Congress extend its appeal across society?

Answer 2

Ghandi

Question 3

What did Ghandi do in his early career?

Answer 3

In SA campaigned against racism + segregation

Question 4

What did he do in 1915?

Answer 4

Returned to India
Became President of Indian National Congress
Travelled the country supporting protests

Question 5

What did he wear?

Answer 5

Indian dress as a symbol of his commitment to Indian culture

Question 6

What did he help organise?

Answer 6

1920 - Non-cooperation movement
1930-1 - Civil Disobedience Movement
1942 - Quit India Movement

Question 7

Why did some Hindus and Muslims not like him?

Answer 7

They said he was too idealistic with his non-violence

Question 8

When was he killed?

Answer 8

1948
By militant Hindu nationalist

Question 9

What did he do to protest against Hindu and Muslim violence?

Answer 9

Fasted

Question 10

What were the principles of peaceful resistance from?

Answer 10

Satyagraha

Question 11

What did he want for India?

Answer 11

Wanted to get rid of caste system
Wanted it to remain agricultural and rejected industrialisation

Question 12

Why were Ghandis actions effective against the B?

Answer 12

They saw themselves as peaceful and fair minded
Embarrassing for B to use violence to protect economics when seen as ‘civilising’

Question 13

What was a big campaign led by Ghandi?

Answer 13

Anti-salt tax campaign
Marched to Dandi in 24 days
Made salt out of sea water
Him + 80,000 jailed

Question 14

What was the jobs of the colonial administrators at this time?

Answer 14

Collect taxes
Maintain stability with growing nationalism

Question 15

Who were responsible for the governance of the Commonwealth + the Empire?

Answer 15

Secretary of State for Colonies
Secretary of State for India
Secretary of State for the Dominions

Question 16

After the Statute of Westminster what was the Governor General in the Dominions?

Answer 16

Just a representative of the Crown

Question 17

What happened to the quality of administrators?

Answer 17

It improved
Although still employed from public schools

Question 18

What qualities were looked for in colonial officers?

Answer 18

Honest
Responsible
Narrow minded-ness

Question 19

What was trusteeship?

Answer 19

A concept where colonies are ruled to benefit interests of indigenous people as well as white
Developed further after WW1 by UN

Question 20

What did Lord Passfield argue later in 1931 for?

Answer 20

A dual mandate
Colonial power had double responsibility :
For ind people - Material + moral advancement for self-govt
For rest of world - Natural resources developed + exploited

Question 21

Who were some prominent colonial administrators?

Answer 21

Edwin Montagu
Sir Harry Haig
Lord Linlithgow
Sir Charles Arden Clarke
Sir Andrew Cohen

Question 22

What did Edwin Montagu do?

Answer 22

Was Secretary of State for India then Viceroy
Responsible for reforms in Govt of India Act 1919 that gave Indians limited degree of political representation

Question 23

What did Sir Harry Haig do?

Answer 23

Member of Viceroy’s Executive Council
Came to terms with idea of Indians as partners
Opposed Ghandi’s campaigns

Question 24

What did Lord Linlithgow do?

Answer 24

Viceroy of India
Promoted wider vote in Govt of India Act 1935
Though further reform would help responsible Indians work with B
Wanted unity but opposed Ghandi
Blamed for division + lack of economic dev

Question 25

What did Sir Charles Arden Clarke do?

Answer 25

Born into missionary family
Resided over first B African colony to gain ind - Gold Coast 1957

Question 26

What did Sir Andrew Cohen do?

Answer 26

Had sympathy for native African people
Used his influence to help steps to ind