Chapter 16 - Attitudes To Empire - The Role And Influence Of Individuals Flashcards
What did B do to secure Indian support in WW1?
Made ambiguous promises
Who helped the Indian National Congress extend its appeal across society?
Ghandi
What did Ghandi do in his early career?
In SA campaigned against racism + segregation
What did he do in 1915?
Returned to India
Became President of Indian National Congress
Travelled the country supporting protests
What did he wear?
Indian dress as a symbol of his commitment to Indian culture
What did he help organise?
1920 - Non-cooperation movement
1930-1 - Civil Disobedience Movement
1942 - Quit India Movement
Why did some Hindus and Muslims not like him?
They said he was too idealistic with his non-violence
When was he killed?
1948
By militant Hindu nationalist
What did he do to protest against Hindu and Muslim violence?
Fasted
What were the principles of peaceful resistance from?
Satyagraha
What did he want for India?
Wanted to get rid of caste system
Wanted it to remain agricultural and rejected industrialisation
Why were Ghandis actions effective against the B?
They saw themselves as peaceful and fair minded
Embarrassing for B to use violence to protect economics when seen as ‘civilising’
What was a big campaign led by Ghandi?
Anti-salt tax campaign
Marched to Dandi in 24 days
Made salt out of sea water
Him + 80,000 jailed
What was the jobs of the colonial administrators at this time?
Collect taxes
Maintain stability with growing nationalism
Who were responsible for the governance of the Commonwealth + the Empire?
Secretary of State for Colonies
Secretary of State for India
Secretary of State for the Dominions
After the Statute of Westminster what was the Governor General in the Dominions?
Just a representative of the Crown
What happened to the quality of administrators?
It improved
Although still employed from public schools
What qualities were looked for in colonial officers?
Honest
Responsible
Narrow minded-ness
What was trusteeship?
A concept where colonies are ruled to benefit interests of indigenous people as well as white
Developed further after WW1 by UN
What did Lord Passfield argue later in 1931 for?
A dual mandate
Colonial power had double responsibility :
For ind people - Material + moral advancement for self-govt
For rest of world - Natural resources developed + exploited
Who were some prominent colonial administrators?
Edwin Montagu
Sir Harry Haig
Lord Linlithgow
Sir Charles Arden Clarke
Sir Andrew Cohen
What did Edwin Montagu do?
Was Secretary of State for India then Viceroy
Responsible for reforms in Govt of India Act 1919 that gave Indians limited degree of political representation
What did Sir Harry Haig do?
Member of Viceroy’s Executive Council
Came to terms with idea of Indians as partners
Opposed Ghandi’s campaigns
What did Lord Linlithgow do?
Viceroy of India
Promoted wider vote in Govt of India Act 1935
Though further reform would help responsible Indians work with B
Wanted unity but opposed Ghandi
Blamed for division + lack of economic dev
What did Sir Charles Arden Clarke do?
Born into missionary family
Resided over first B African colony to gain ind - Gold Coast 1957
What did Sir Andrew Cohen do?
Had sympathy for native African people
Used his influence to help steps to ind
