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ANP 101 > Chap 9: Senses (Transes) > Flashcards

Chap 9: Senses (Transes) Flashcards

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1
Q
  • Receptors over a large part of body that sense touch, pressure, pain, temperature and itch
A

GENERAL SENSES

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2
Q

o Ability to perceive stimuli

A
  • Senses
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3
Q

o Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimulus by developing action potentials

A
  • Sensory Receptors
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4
Q
  • Detect movement
A

MECHANORECEPTORS

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5
Q
  • Detect chemicals
A

CHEMORECEPTORS

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6
Q
  • Detect light
A

PHOTORECEPTORS

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7
Q

o Sensitive to color and high levels of lights

A
  • Cones
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8
Q

o Primarily responsible for night vision

A
  • Rods
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8
Q

o Sensitive in low lights

A
  • Rods
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9
Q

o Responsible for sharp details

A
  • Cones
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10
Q
  • Detect temperature changes
A

THERMORECEPTORS

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11
Q

o Detect if our body temperature is low (decreased)

A
  • Cold receptors
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11
Q
  • Detect pain
A

NOCIREPTORS

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12
Q

Pain
Temperature
Touch
Pressure
Tickle Itch

A

Free Nerve Endings

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12
Q

Light touch
Moving/constant
Touch
Constant touch
2 pt discrimination

A

Merkel’s

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12
Q

o Detect If our body temperature is high (increased)

A
  • Warm/Thermo receptors
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13
Q
  • Unpleasant perceptual and emotional experience
A

PAIN

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13
Q

Deepest receptor
Deep touch pressure
Vibration
Rapidly adapting
Touch receptor
Position

A

Pacinian

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14
Q

Deep in epidermis
Localizing tactile sensations

A

Meissner’s

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14
Q

Cold

A

Krause End Bulb

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14
Q

Tension
Stretch
Heat
Deep continuous pressure in the skin

A

Ruffini’s

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15
Q
  • Burning, aching pain, dull, throbbing
A

DIFFUSED/GENERALIZED

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15
Q
  • Aware and awake
A

LOCAL ANESTHESIA

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15
Q
  • Sharp, pricking, cutting pain
A

LOCALIZED

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15
Q

o Contains some cell bodies and dendrites of approximately 10 million olfactory neurons

A

Olfactory Epithelium

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15
Q
  • Loss of consciousness
A

GENERAL ANESTHESIA

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16
Q

sensory structures that detect taste

A
  • Taste buds
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16
Q
  • Sense of smell
A

OLFACTION

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16
Q
  • Olfactory Neurons
A

o Chemoreceptors

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17
Q
  • Inside each taste bud are
A

50 taste cells

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18
Q

triggered by sugar

A

o Sweet

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19
Q

triggered by sodium

A

o Salty

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20
Q

acid

A

o Sour

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21
Q

often toxic like alkaloids (caffeine)

A

o Bitter

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22
Q

candy-triggered from amino acids

A

o Umami

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23
Q

a. Carries taste information from the taste buds, epiglottis and pharynx

A
  1. CN X: Vagus Nerve
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23
Q

a. Taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

A
  1. CN VII: Facial Nerve
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24
Q

a. Taste sensations from the posterior one-third of the tongue

A
  1. CN IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
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25
Q

o Protects from sweat
o Shade from sun

A
  • Eyebrow
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26
Q

o Protects from foreign objects
o Lubricates by blinking

A
  • Eyelid/lashes
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27
Q

o Produces tears and proper drainage

A
  • Lacrimal apparatus
28
Q

o Helps move eyeballs

A
  • Extrinsic eye muscles
29
Q

EYE’S THREE LAYERS:

A
  1. Nervous tunic (retina)
  2. Fibrous tunic
  3. Vascular tunic
30
Q

EYE’S THREE CHAMBERS:

A
  1. Vitreous chamber
  2. Anterior chamber
  3. Posterior chamber
31
Q
  • Outermost Tunic
A

FIBROUS TUNIC

32
Q

Covers 5/6

A

SCLERA

33
Q

White, opaque

A

SCLERA

34
Q

Covers 1/6

A

CORNEA

35
Q

Clear transparent

A

CORNEA

36
Q

Helps maintain eye shape

A

SCLERA

37
Q

Allows light to enter and focuses light

A

CORNEA

38
Q

Has some blood vessels

A

SCLERA

39
Q

Avascular (no blood vessels)

A

CORNEA

40
Q

Dense connective tissues (collagen)

A

SCLERA

41
Q

Delivers O2 and nutrients to retina

A

CHOROID

42
Q

Focuses light onto retina (for clearer version)

A

LENS

42
Q

Helps hold lens in place

A

CILLIARY BODY

43
Q

(clear fluid) which maintains the intraocular pressure

A

aqueous humor

43
Q

Controls shape of lens via suspensory ligaments

A

CILLIARY MUSCLE

44
Q

Controls the size of the pupil

A

IRIS

45
Q

makes the iris smaller (in brighter lights)

A

Sphincter papilla

45
Q

Regulates amount of light entering

A

PUPIL

46
Q

makes iris larger (in low lights)

A

Dilater papillae

47
Q
  • Innermost tunic
A

NERVOUS TUNIC

48
Q

Covers posterior 5/6 of the eye

A

RETINA

49
Q

Outer layer (Retina)

A

PIGMENTED RETINA

50
Q

Contains photoreceptors (rods and cones)

A

SENSORY RETINA

51
Q
  • Filled with aqueous humor (watery)
A

ANTERIOR CHAMBERS

52
Q

o can cause vision loss and blindness by damaging a nerve in the back of your eye called the optic nerve

A
  • Glaucoma
53
Q
  • Filled with vitreous humor: jelly-like substance
A

VITREOUS CHAMBER

54
Q
  • Bending of light
A

LIGHT REFRACTION

55
Q

o Point where light rays converge

A
  • Focal point
56
Q

o Nearsightedness - makes far-away objects look blurry

A
  • Myopia
57
Q

o Farsightedness - makes nearby objects look blurry.

A
  • Hyperopia
58
Q

o make far away and nearby objects look blurry or distorted

A
  • Astigmatism
59
Q
  • Enables eye to focus on images closer than 20 feet
A

ACCOMMODATION

60
Q

o Leaves eye and exits orbit through optic foramen to enter cranial cavity

A
  • Optic Nerve
61
Q

o Where 2 optic nerves connect

A
  • Optic Chiasm
62
Q

 Because of pituitary tumor that presses on optic chiasm

A

Bitemporal Hemianopia

63
Q

o Route of ganglion axons

A
  • Optic Tracts
64
Q

 The right optic tract would cause loss of the left visual field in both eyes

A

Homonymous Hemianopia

65
Q
  • Hearing and balance
A

AUDITORY

66
Q

Canal that leads to eardrum

A

EAM

67
Q
  • Extends from outside of head to eardrum
A

EXTERNAL EAR

68
Q

Fleshy part on outside

A

AURICLE

68
Q

Thin membrane that separates external and middle

A

TM

69
Q
  • Air filled chamber with ossicles
A

MIDDLE EAR

70
Q

Bone attached to tympanic membrane

A

MALLEUS

71
Q

Bone that connects malleus to stapes

A

INCUS

72
Q

Bone located at the base of oval window

A

STAPES

73
Q

Separates middle and inner ear

A

OVAL WINDOW

73
Q
  • Set of fluid filled chambers
A

INNER EAR

74
Q

Tunnels filled with fluid

A

BONY LABYRINTH

74
Q

Opens into pharynx

Equalizes air pressure between outside air and middle ear

A

EUSTACHIAN TUBE

75
Q

Snail-shell shaped structure

Where hearing takes place

A

COCHLEA

76
Q

Inside bony labyrinth

Filled with endolymph

A

MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH

77
Q

Clear fluid in membranous labyrinth

A

ENDOLYMPH

78
Q

Fluid between membranous and bony labyrinth

A

PERILYMPH

79
Q

Evaluates position of head relative to gravity

A

STATIC

80
Q

Evaluates changes in direction

A

DYNAMIC

ANP 101 (24 decks)

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