Chap 9: Senses (Transes) Flashcards
1
Q
- Receptors over a large part of body that sense touch, pressure, pain, temperature and itch
A
GENERAL SENSES
2
Q
o Ability to perceive stimuli
A
- Senses
3
Q
o Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimulus by developing action potentials
A
- Sensory Receptors
4
Q
- Detect movement
A
MECHANORECEPTORS
5
Q
- Detect chemicals
A
CHEMORECEPTORS
6
Q
- Detect light
A
PHOTORECEPTORS
7
Q
o Sensitive to color and high levels of lights
A
- Cones
8
Q
o Primarily responsible for night vision
A
- Rods
8
Q
o Sensitive in low lights
A
- Rods
9
Q
o Responsible for sharp details
A
- Cones
10
Q
- Detect temperature changes
A
THERMORECEPTORS
11
Q
o Detect if our body temperature is low (decreased)
A
- Cold receptors
11
Q
- Detect pain
A
NOCIREPTORS
12
Q
Pain
Temperature
Touch
Pressure
Tickle Itch
A
Free Nerve Endings
12
Q
Light touch
Moving/constant
Touch
Constant touch
2 pt discrimination
A
Merkel’s
12
Q
o Detect If our body temperature is high (increased)
A
- Warm/Thermo receptors
13
Q
- Unpleasant perceptual and emotional experience
A
PAIN
13
Q
Deepest receptor
Deep touch pressure
Vibration
Rapidly adapting
Touch receptor
Position
A
Pacinian
14
Q
Deep in epidermis
Localizing tactile sensations
A
Meissner’s
14
Q
Cold
A
Krause End Bulb
14
Q
Tension
Stretch
Heat
Deep continuous pressure in the skin
A
Ruffini’s
15
Q
- Burning, aching pain, dull, throbbing
A
DIFFUSED/GENERALIZED
15
Q
- Aware and awake
A
LOCAL ANESTHESIA
15
Q
- Sharp, pricking, cutting pain
A
LOCALIZED
15
o Contains some cell bodies and dendrites of approximately 10 million olfactory neurons
Olfactory Epithelium
15
- Loss of consciousness
GENERAL ANESTHESIA
16
sensory structures that detect taste
* Taste buds
16
* Sense of smell
OLFACTION
16
* Olfactory Neurons
o Chemoreceptors
17
* Inside each taste bud are
50 taste cells
18
triggered by sugar
o Sweet
19
triggered by sodium
o Salty
20
acid
o Sour
21
often toxic like alkaloids (caffeine)
o Bitter
22
candy-triggered from amino acids
o Umami
23
a. Carries taste information from the taste buds, epiglottis and pharynx
3. CN X: Vagus Nerve
23
a. Taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
1. CN VII: Facial Nerve
24
a. Taste sensations from the posterior one-third of the tongue
2. CN IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
25
o Protects from sweat
o Shade from sun
* Eyebrow
26
o Protects from foreign objects
o Lubricates by blinking
* Eyelid/lashes
27
o Produces tears and proper drainage
* Lacrimal apparatus
28
o Helps move eyeballs
* Extrinsic eye muscles
29
EYE’S THREE LAYERS:
1. Nervous tunic (retina)
2. Fibrous tunic
3. Vascular tunic
30
EYE’S THREE CHAMBERS:
1. Vitreous chamber
2. Anterior chamber
3. Posterior chamber
31
* Outermost Tunic
FIBROUS TUNIC
32
Covers 5/6
SCLERA
33
White, opaque
SCLERA
34
Covers 1/6
CORNEA
35
Clear transparent
CORNEA
36
Helps maintain eye shape
SCLERA
37
Allows light to enter and focuses light
CORNEA
38
Has some blood vessels
SCLERA
39
Avascular (no blood vessels)
CORNEA
40
Dense connective tissues (collagen)
SCLERA
41
Delivers O2 and nutrients to retina
CHOROID
42
Focuses light onto retina (for clearer version)
LENS
42
Helps hold lens in place
CILLIARY BODY
43
(clear fluid) which maintains the intraocular pressure
aqueous humor
43
Controls shape of lens via suspensory ligaments
CILLIARY MUSCLE
44
Controls the size of the pupil
IRIS
45
makes the iris smaller (in brighter lights)
Sphincter papilla
45
Regulates amount of light entering
PUPIL
46
makes iris larger (in low lights)
Dilater papillae
47
* Innermost tunic
NERVOUS TUNIC
48
Covers posterior 5/6 of the eye
RETINA
49
Outer layer (Retina)
PIGMENTED RETINA
50
Contains photoreceptors (rods and cones)
SENSORY RETINA
51
* Filled with aqueous humor (watery)
ANTERIOR CHAMBERS
52
o can cause vision loss and blindness by damaging a nerve in the back of your eye called the optic nerve
* Glaucoma
53
* Filled with vitreous humor: jelly-like substance
VITREOUS CHAMBER
54
* Bending of light
LIGHT REFRACTION
55
o Point where light rays converge
* Focal point
56
o Nearsightedness - makes far-away objects look blurry
* Myopia
57
o Farsightedness - makes nearby objects look blurry.
* Hyperopia
58
o make far away and nearby objects look blurry or distorted
* Astigmatism
59
* Enables eye to focus on images closer than 20 feet
ACCOMMODATION
60
o Leaves eye and exits orbit through optic foramen to enter cranial cavity
* Optic Nerve
61
o Where 2 optic nerves connect
* Optic Chiasm
62
Because of pituitary tumor that presses on optic chiasm
Bitemporal Hemianopia
63
o Route of ganglion axons
* Optic Tracts
64
The right optic tract would cause loss of the left visual field in both eyes
Homonymous Hemianopia
65
* Hearing and balance
AUDITORY
66
Canal that leads to eardrum
EAM
67
* Extends from outside of head to eardrum
EXTERNAL EAR
68
Fleshy part on outside
AURICLE
68
Thin membrane that separates external and middle
TM
69
* Air filled chamber with ossicles
MIDDLE EAR
70
Bone attached to tympanic membrane
MALLEUS
71
Bone that connects malleus to stapes
INCUS
72
Bone located at the base of oval window
STAPES
73
Separates middle and inner ear
OVAL WINDOW
73
* Set of fluid filled chambers
INNER EAR
74
Tunnels filled with fluid
BONY LABYRINTH
74
Opens into pharynx
Equalizes air pressure between outside air and middle ear
EUSTACHIAN TUBE
75
Snail-shell shaped structure
Where hearing takes place
COCHLEA
76
Inside bony labyrinth
Filled with endolymph
MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTH
77
Clear fluid in membranous labyrinth
ENDOLYMPH
78
Fluid between membranous and bony labyrinth
PERILYMPH
79
Evaluates position of head relative to gravity
STATIC
80
Evaluates changes in direction
DYNAMIC
