Chap 19: Reproductive System Flashcards
in males nourishes
sperm until they are mature and are
deposited in the female reproductive
tract by the penis
duct system
The reproductive organs in males and
females produce gametes by
meiosis
Produce sperm and testosterone
TESTES
Sac containing the testes
SCROTUM
nourish the
sperm cells and produce small
amounts of hormones
Sustentacular cells
Spermatogenesis begins in the
seminiferous tubules
divide (mitosis) to
form primary spermatocytes
Spermatogonia
divide by
meiosis to produce first secondary
spermatocytes and then spermatids
Primary spermatocytes
a coiled tube
system, is located on the testis and is
the site of sperm maturation
epididymis
lead to the rete testis, which opens into the efferent ductules that extend to the epididymis
seminiferous tubules
passes from
the epididymis into the abdominal
cavity
ductus deferens
Final changes
capacitation of
sperm cells
is formed by
the joining of the ductus deferens and
the duct from the seminal vesicle
ejaculatory duct
extends from the urinary
bladder through the penis to the outside of the body
urethra
consists of erectile tissue
PENIS
form the dorsum and the sides
corpora cavernosa
forms the ventral portion and the glans penis
corpus spongiosum
consists of
glandular and muscular tissue and
empties into the urethra
prostate gland
is a mixture of sperm cells
and gland secretions
Semen
contains
nutrients, prostaglandins, and
proteins that coagulate
seminal vesicle fluid
The testicular secretions contain
sperm cells
contains nutrients
and proteolytic enzymes, and it
neutralizes the pH of the vagina
prostate fluid
causes enlargement
of the genitals and is necessary for
spermatogenesis
Testosterone
is produced in the
hypothalamus and released in
surges
Gonadotropin hormone-releasing
hormone (GnRH)
is the release of an oocyte
from an ovary
Ovulation
is a primary
oocyte surrounded by a single layer
of flat granulosa cells
primordial follicle
the oocyte
enlarges, and granulosa cells
become cuboidal and form more than
one layer
primary follicles
fluid-filled
vesicles appear, and a theca forms
around the follicle
secondary follicle
is a pear-shaped organ
UTERUS
are the spaces formed by the
uterus
uterine cavity and the cervical
canal
connects the uterus
(cervix) to the vestibule
vagina
covers the vestibular
opening of the vagina in young
females
hymen
is a space into which
the vagina and the urethra open
vestibule
is composed of erectile
tissue and contains many sensory
receptors important in detecting
sexual stimuli
clitoris
cover the labia
minora, and the pudendal cleft is a
space between the labia majora
labia majora
are folds that cover
the vestibule and form the prepuce
labia minora
is an elevated area
superior to the labia majora
mons pubis
are the organs of
milk production
Mammary glands
is produced by
degeneration of the endometrium
Menstrual fluid
stimulates proliferation of
the endometrium, and progesterone
causes thickening of the
endometrium
Estrogen
The cessation of the menstrual cycle
is called menopause
MENOPAUSE
The cyclical changes in the uterus are
controlled by
estrogen and
progesterone
