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ANP 101 > Chap 8: Nervous System - CNS III > Flashcards

Chap 8: Nervous System - CNS III Flashcards

1
Q

Extends from the foramen magnum to the 2nd
lumbar vertebra

A

SPINAL CORD

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2
Q

Two enlargements

A

cervical and lumbar

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2
Q

provide protection to the spinal cord and stability

A

Vertebral column and the meninges

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2
Q

tapered, lower end of the spinal cord where it
transitions into the cauda equina

A

Conus medullaris

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3
Q

thin, fibrous extension that anchors the
spinal cord to the coccyx

A

Filum terminale

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3
Q

bundle of spinal nerve roots that extends
from the conus medullaris

A

Cauda equina

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4
Q

Bigger than posterior median sulcus

A

Anterior median fissure

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5
Q

Center of spinal cord

A

GRAY MATTER

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6
Q

Looks like letter H or a butterfly

A

GRAY MATTER

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7
Q

Outer layer of spinal cord

A

WHITE MATTER

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8
Q

Contains myelinated fiber

A

WHITE MATTER

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9
Q

bundles of axons (white matter)

A

Tracts

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10
Q

Do not directly control volitional or
movements rather it helps in the fine-tuning

A

INDIRECT

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11
Q

Pyramidal tract – because they pass
through the pyramids

A

DIRECT

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12
Q

Muscle tone and skilled
movements, especially of
hands

A

Lateral corticospinal

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13
Q

Muscle tone and movement
of trunk muscles

A

Anterior corticospinal

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14
Q

Movement coordination

A

Rubrospinal

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15
Q

Posture adjustment,
especially during movement

A

Reticulospinal

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16
Q

Posture and balance

A

Vestibulospinal

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17
Q

Movement in response to
visual reflexes

A

Tectospinal

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18
Q

Pain, temperature, light
touch, pressure, tickle and
itch sensations

A

Spinothalamic

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19
Q

Proprioception, touch, deep
pressure and vibration

A

Dorsal column

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20
Q

Proprioception to cerebellum

A

Spinocerebellar (anterior
& posterior)

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21
Q

31 pairs; mixed nerves

A

SPINAL NERVES

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22
Q

Cervical

A

(C1-C8)

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23
Q

Thoracic

A

(T1-T12)

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24
Q

Lumbar

A

(L1-L5)

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25
Q

Sacral

A

(S1-S5)

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26
Q

Coccygeal

A

(1)

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27
Q

Connective tissue coverings of spinal nerves

A

Epineurium, perineurium and
endoneurium

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28
Q

For every bundle of the spinal
nerve, it is covered with

A

endoneurium

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29
Q

a bundle of fascicles

A

Epineurium

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29
Q

Formed by the anterior rami of C1-C5

A

CERVICAL PLEXUS

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29
Q

To supply a specific limb

A

Plexuses

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30
Q

important nerves from the cervical plexuses

A

Phrenic nerves

30
Q

Spinal nerves branch and their branches are called

31
Q

Supplies the shoulders and upper limbs

A

BRACHIAL PLEXUS

31
Q

a network of axons

32
Q

Supplies the muscle for respiration
(diaphragm)

A

Phrenic nerves

33
Q

Supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall, external
genitals, and part of the lower limbs

A

LUMBAR PLEXUS

34
Q

Supplies the buttocks, perineum and lower limbs

A

SACRAL PLEXUS

35
Q

Gives rise to the largest nerve in the body

A

SACRAL PLEXUS

36
Q

The nerves arising from each region of the spinal
cord and vertebral column supply specific regions of
the body

36
Q

Supplies a small area of skin in the coccygeal
region

A

COCCYGEAL PLEXUS

37
Q

Is the area of the skin supplied with sensory
innervation by a pair of spinal nerves

38
Q

Muscle innervation

39
Q

is an involuntary reaction in response to a
stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to
the CNS

40
Q

allow a person to react to stimuli more
quickly than is possible if conscious thought is
involved

40
Q

is the neuronal pathway by which a reflex
occurs and has five basic component

A

Reflex arc

41
Q

Responds to a stimulus by produucing a
generator or receptor potential

A

Sensory receptors

42
Q

Axon conducts impulses from integrating
center to effector

A

Motor neuron

42
Q

Axon conducts impulses from receptor to
integrating center

A

Sensory neuron

42
Q

One or more regions within the CNS that
relay impulses from sensory to motor
neurons

A

Interneurons

43
Q

Muscle or gland that responds to motor
nerve impulses

A

Effector organ (muscles or glands)

44
Q

The simplest reflex

A

STRETCH REFLEX

45
Q

Is to remove a limb or another body part from a
painful stimulus

A

WITHDRAWAL REFLEX

45
Q

Occurs when muscles contract in response to a
stretching force applied to them

A

STRETCH REFLEX

46
Q

Will have autonomic ganglion

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

47
Q

interacted to the CNS
towards autonomic ganglia

A

Preganglionic

48
Q

connected to the organ

A

Postganglionic

49
Q

Primarily driven by neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine
(ACh)

A

CHOLINERGIC NEURON

50
Q

Cholinergic receptors release

A

acetylcholine

51
Q

Two types of Cholinergic receptors

A

▪ Nicotinic receptors
▪ Muscarinic receptors

52
Q

Release norepinephrine (noradrenalin)

A

ADRENERGIC NEURONS

52
Q

Two types of receptors (Adrenergic)

A

o Alpha receptors
o Beta receptors

52
Q

Sympathetic

A

LOC. OF PREGANGLIONIC: T1-L2

LOC OF POSTGANGLIONIC: Collateral ganglia/ganglion chain

FUNCTION: fight or flight

53
Q

a balance between the sympathetic
and parasympathetic activity

A

Autonomic tone

54
Q

Parasympathetic

A

LOC. OF PREGANGLIONIC: CNS III, VII, IX, X and S2-S4

LOC OF POSTGANGLIONIC: Terminal ganglia

FUNCTION: rest or digest

55
Q

Heart: Increases rate and force of contraction

A

SYMPATHETIC

56
Q

Heart: Decreases rate

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

57
Q

Blood vessels: Constricts and
dilates

A

SYMPATHETIC

58
Q

Eyes: Dilates pupil, relaxes ciliary muscle to adjust lens for far vision

A

SYMPATHETIC

59
Q

Eyes: Constricts pupil, relaxes ciliary muscle to adjust lens for near vision

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

60
Q

Intestinal and stomach walls: Increases motility, relaxes sphincters

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

60
Q

Liver: Synthesizes glycogen

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

61
Q

Intestinal and stomach walls: Decreases motility, contracts sphincters

A

SYMPATHETIC

61
Q

Adipose tissue: Breaks down
lipids

A

SYMPATHETIC

61
Q

Liver: Breaks down glycogen, releases glucose

A

SYMPATHETIC

62
Q

Adrenal gland: Secretes
epinephrine, norepinephrine

A

SYMPATHETIC

63
Q

Sweat glands: Secretes sweat

A

SYMPATHETIC

64
Q

Urinary bladder: Relaxes muscles, constricts sphincter

A

SYMPATHETIC

65
Q

Salivary glands: Secretes thick
saliva

A

SYMPATHETIC

66
Q

Salivary glands: Secretes watery
saliva

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

67
Q

Urinary bladder: Contracts muscles, relaxes sphincter

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

68
Q

Pancreas: Decreases secretion of digestive enzymes and insulin

A

SYMPATHETIC

69
Q

Pancreas: Increases secretion of
digestive enzymes and insulin

A

PARASYMPATHETIC

70
Q

is the major control and integration center of the ANS

A

Hypothalamus

ANP 101 (25 decks)

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