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ANP 101 > Chap 8: Nervous System - CNS III > Flashcards

Chap 8: Nervous System - CNS III Flashcards

1
Q

Extends from the foramen magnum to the 2nd
lumbar vertebra

A

SPINAL CORD

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2
Q

Two enlargements

A

cervical and lumbar

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2
Q

provide protection to the spinal cord and stability

A

Vertebral column and the meninges

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2
Q

tapered, lower end of the spinal cord where it
transitions into the cauda equina

A

Conus medullaris

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3
Q

thin, fibrous extension that anchors the
spinal cord to the coccyx

A

Filum terminale

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3
Q

bundle of spinal nerve roots that extends
from the conus medullaris

A

Cauda equina

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4
Q

Bigger than posterior median sulcus

A

Anterior median fissure

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5
Q

Center of spinal cord

A

GRAY MATTER

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6
Q

Looks like letter H or a butterfly

A

GRAY MATTER

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7
Q

Outer layer of spinal cord

A

WHITE MATTER

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8
Q

Contains myelinated fiber

A

WHITE MATTER

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9
Q

bundles of axons (white matter)

A

Tracts

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10
Q

Do not directly control volitional or
movements rather it helps in the fine-tuning

A

INDIRECT

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11
Q

Pyramidal tract – because they pass
through the pyramids

A

DIRECT

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12
Q

Muscle tone and skilled
movements, especially of
hands

A

Lateral corticospinal

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13
Q

Muscle tone and movement
of trunk muscles

A

Anterior corticospinal

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14
Q

Movement coordination

A

Rubrospinal

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15
Q

Posture adjustment,
especially during movement

A

Reticulospinal

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16
Q

Posture and balance

A

Vestibulospinal

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17
Q

Movement in response to
visual reflexes

A

Tectospinal

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18
Q

Pain, temperature, light
touch, pressure, tickle and
itch sensations

A

Spinothalamic

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19
Q

Proprioception, touch, deep
pressure and vibration

A

Dorsal column

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20
Q

Proprioception to cerebellum

A

Spinocerebellar (anterior
& posterior)

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21
Q

31 pairs; mixed nerves

A

SPINAL NERVES

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22
Cervical
(C1-C8)
23
Thoracic
(T1-T12)
24
Lumbar
(L1-L5)
25
Sacral
(S1-S5)
26
Coccygeal
(1)
27
Connective tissue coverings of spinal nerves
Epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium
28
For every bundle of the spinal nerve, it is covered with
endoneurium
29
a bundle of fascicles
Epineurium
29
Formed by the anterior rami of C1-C5
CERVICAL PLEXUS
29
To supply a specific limb
Plexuses
30
important nerves from the cervical plexuses
Phrenic nerves
30
Spinal nerves branch and their branches are called
rami
31
Supplies the shoulders and upper limbs
BRACHIAL PLEXUS
31
a network of axons
Plexuses
32
Supplies the muscle for respiration (diaphragm)
Phrenic nerves
33
Supplies the anterolateral abdominal wall, external genitals, and part of the lower limbs
LUMBAR PLEXUS
34
Supplies the buttocks, perineum and lower limbs
SACRAL PLEXUS
35
Gives rise to the largest nerve in the body
SACRAL PLEXUS
36
The nerves arising from each region of the spinal cord and vertebral column supply specific regions of the body
DERMATOME
36
Supplies a small area of skin in the coccygeal region
COCCYGEAL PLEXUS
37
Is the area of the skin supplied with sensory innervation by a pair of spinal nerves
DERMATOME
38
Muscle innervation
Myotome
39
is an involuntary reaction in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the CNS
REFLEXES
40
allow a person to react to stimuli more quickly than is possible if conscious thought is involved
REFLEXES
40
is the neuronal pathway by which a reflex occurs and has five basic component
Reflex arc
41
Responds to a stimulus by produucing a generator or receptor potential
Sensory receptors
42
Axon conducts impulses from integrating center to effector
Motor neuron
42
Axon conducts impulses from receptor to integrating center
Sensory neuron
42
One or more regions within the CNS that relay impulses from sensory to motor neurons
Interneurons
43
Muscle or gland that responds to motor nerve impulses
Effector organ (muscles or glands)
44
The simplest reflex
STRETCH REFLEX
45
Is to remove a limb or another body part from a painful stimulus
WITHDRAWAL REFLEX
45
Occurs when muscles contract in response to a stretching force applied to them
STRETCH REFLEX
46
Will have autonomic ganglion
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
47
interacted to the CNS towards autonomic ganglia
Preganglionic
48
connected to the organ
Postganglionic
49
Primarily driven by neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine (ACh)
CHOLINERGIC NEURON
50
Cholinergic receptors release
acetylcholine
51
Two types of Cholinergic receptors
▪ Nicotinic receptors ▪ Muscarinic receptors
52
Release norepinephrine (noradrenalin)
ADRENERGIC NEURONS
52
Two types of receptors (Adrenergic)
o Alpha receptors o Beta receptors
52
Sympathetic
LOC. OF PREGANGLIONIC: T1-L2 LOC OF POSTGANGLIONIC: Collateral ganglia/ganglion chain FUNCTION: fight or flight
53
a balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity
Autonomic tone
54
Parasympathetic
LOC. OF PREGANGLIONIC: CNS III, VII, IX, X and S2-S4 LOC OF POSTGANGLIONIC: Terminal ganglia FUNCTION: rest or digest
55
Heart: Increases rate and force of contraction
SYMPATHETIC
56
Heart: Decreases rate
PARASYMPATHETIC
57
Blood vessels: Constricts and dilates
SYMPATHETIC
58
Eyes: Dilates pupil, relaxes ciliary muscle to adjust lens for far vision
SYMPATHETIC
59
Eyes: Constricts pupil, relaxes ciliary muscle to adjust lens for near vision
PARASYMPATHETIC
60
Intestinal and stomach walls: Increases motility, relaxes sphincters
PARASYMPATHETIC
60
Liver: Synthesizes glycogen
PARASYMPATHETIC
61
Intestinal and stomach walls: Decreases motility, contracts sphincters
SYMPATHETIC
61
Adipose tissue: Breaks down lipids
SYMPATHETIC
61
Liver: Breaks down glycogen, releases glucose
SYMPATHETIC
62
Adrenal gland: Secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine
SYMPATHETIC
63
Sweat glands: Secretes sweat
SYMPATHETIC
64
Urinary bladder: Relaxes muscles, constricts sphincter
SYMPATHETIC
65
Salivary glands: Secretes thick saliva
SYMPATHETIC
66
Salivary glands: Secretes watery saliva
PARASYMPATHETIC
67
Urinary bladder: Contracts muscles, relaxes sphincter
PARASYMPATHETIC
68
Pancreas: Decreases secretion of digestive enzymes and insulin
SYMPATHETIC
69
Pancreas: Increases secretion of digestive enzymes and insulin
PARASYMPATHETIC
70
is the major control and integration center of the ANS
Hypothalamus

ANP 101 (25 decks)

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