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ANP 101 > Chap 16: Digestive System > Flashcards

Chap 16: Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

is a continuous tube extending from the mouth to the anus thru the thoracic and abdominoplevic cavities

A

GastroIntestinal Tract (Alimentary Canal)

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2
Q

These organs serve as passageway of food

A

GastroIntestinal Tract (Alimentary Canal)

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2
Q

This includes the mouth, most of the pharynx, esopahugs, stomach, small intestine, and the large intestine.

A

GastroIntestinal Tract (Alimentary Canal)

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3
Q

These are the organs the helps breakdown food by secreting fluids or providing mechanical means of digestion.

A

Accesory Organs

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3
Q

include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

A

Accesory Organs

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4
Q

The digestive tract consists of four major tunics, or layers

A

(1) the mucosa, (2) the submucosa, (3) the muscularis, and (4) a serosa or an adventitia

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4
Q

specific associated organs of the digestive system are

A

(1) the salivary glands, which empty into the oral cavity,
(2) the liver
(3) the pancreas.

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5
Q

The specific portions of the digestive tract include

A

(1) the oral cavity
(2) the pharynx (throat)
(3) the esophagus
(4) the stomach
(5) the small and large intestines
(6) the anus

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6
Q

is the movement of food from one end of
the digestive tract to the other

A

Propulsion

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6
Q

chewing

A

Mastication

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6
Q

is the consumption of solid or liquid
food, usually through the mouth

A

Ingestion

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7
Q

is the movement of food back and
forth in the digestive tract, which incorporates the digestive system’s many
secretions into the food

A

Mixing

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7
Q

is the breakdown of large organic
molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed

A

Digestion

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8
Q

is the addition of liquids,
enzymes, and mucus to the ingested food

A

secretion

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9
Q

is the movement of molecules out of the digestive
tract and into the blood or lymphatic system

A

Absorption

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10
Q

is the removal of undigested material, such as fiber
from food, plus other waste products from the body as feces

A

Elimination

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11
Q

loose connective tissues mucosa

A

lamina propria

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12
Q

the innermost tunic and it consists of three layers

A

mucosa

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13
Q

Musoca three layers

A
  1. inner mucous epithelium
  2. lamina propria
  3. muscularis mucosae
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14
Q

innermost layer of Mucosa

A

inner mucous epithelium

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15
Q

musoca thin outer layer of smooth muscle

A

muscularis mucosae

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16
Q

lies just outside the mucosa

A

submucosa

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17
Q

a thick layer of loose
connective tissue containing nerves, blood vessels, and small gland

A

submucosa

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18
Q

An extensive network of nerve cell processes forms a _____ within
the submucosa

A

plexus (network)

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19
Q

extremely important in
controlling movement and secretion within the tract

A

enteric plexus

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19
Q

In regions of the digestive tract not covered by peritoneum,
the connective tissue layer is called the

A

adventia

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20
Q

lies outside the submucosa.

A

muscularis

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21
Q

is the outermost layer of the digestive tract

A

serosa

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22
Q

the serous
membrane that covers the organs

A

Visceral Peritoneum or Serosa

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22
Q

a serous membrane that lines the
walls of the abdominal cavity and the abdominal
organs

A

Peritoneum

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23
Q

the serous membrane that
lines the wall of the abdominal cavity

A

Parietal Peritoneum

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24
Q

Consist of two layers of serous membranes with a
thin layer of loose connective tissue between them

A

MESENTERIES

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25
Q

general term referring to the serous
membranes attached to the abdominal organs

A

Mesentery

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26
Q

the mesentery associated with the small intestine

A

Mesentery proper

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27
Q

the mesentery connecting
the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver and diaphragm

A

Lesser omentum

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28
Q

other abdominal organs that have
no mesenteries

A

Retroperitoneal

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29
Q

is the normal location for ingestion of
liquid and solid food

A

ORAL CAVITY

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29
Q

Form the lateral walls of the oral cavity

A

CHEEKS

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30
Q

the space between the lips or cheeks and the
teeth

A

vestibule

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31
Q

Are muscular structures, formed mostly by the orbicularis oris muscle

A

LIPS

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32
Q

lies inside the teeth
and houses the tongue

A

oral cavity proper

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33
Q

Located within the cheeks are the ______

A

buccinator muscles

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34
Q

A large, muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity

A

TONGUE

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34
Q

an anterior attachment to the floor of the
mouth by a thin fold of tissue called the

A

frenulum

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35
Q

Each tooth consists of three regions

A
  1. crown
  2. neck
  3. root
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35
Q

moves food in the mouth and holds the
food in place during mastication

A

tongue

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35
Q

A major sensory organ for taste, as well as one of the major organs of speech

A

tongue

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36
Q

visible portion of a tooth

A

crown

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36
Q

plays a major role in the process of
swallowing

A

tongue

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37
Q

how many teeth for adult

A

32

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38
Q

small region between the crown and
root

A

neck

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39
Q

largest region; anchors it in the bone of
the maxilla and mandible

A

root

40
Q

Within the center of
the tooth is a hollow space called the

A

pulp cavity

41
Q

The bulk of the tooth is formed by a living, cellular, calcified tissue called

A

dentin

42
Q

the dentin of the tooth is covered by this hard cellular substance

A

enamel

43
Q

The teeth are held in place within pockets in the bone, called

A

alveoli

44
Q

surface of the dentin in the root is covered by this ; helps anchor the tooth

A

cementum

45
Q

teeth in the middle

A

central and lateral incisor

46
Q

road crowns and rounded suited for grinding

A

premolars and morals

46
Q

conical fang like teeth

A

canine

47
Q

roof of the oral cavity, separates the
oral cavity from the nasal cavity

A

palate

48
Q

anterior part and contains bone

A

hard palate

48
Q

Produces saliva

A

SALIVARY GLANDS

49
Q

posterior part and consists of
skeletal muscle and connective tissue

A

soft palate

50
Q

a posterior extension of the soft palate

A

uvula

51
Q

boundary of oral cavity ; opening going thru the pharynx to throat

A

fauces

52
Q

are located in the lateral posterior walls of
the oral cavity, in the nasopharynx, and in the
posterior surface of the tongue

A

Tonsils

53
Q

They have branching ducts with clusters of alveoli at
the ends of the ducts

A

SALIVARY GLANDS

54
Q

largest; serous glands located
just anterior to each ear

A

parotid glands

55
Q

produce more serous
than mucous secretions

A

submandibular glands

56
Q

smallest; produce primarily
mucous secretions

A

sublingual glands

57
Q

mixture of serous and mucous fluids; have
multiple roles

A

saliva

58
Q

roles of saliva

A
  1. Helps keep the oral cavity moist
  2. It has protective functions
  3. Begins the process of digestion
59
Q

pharynx 3 parts

A

★ Nasopharynx
★ Oropharynx
★ Laryngopharynx

59
Q

a digestive enzyme in the
serous part of saliva that breaks down starch

A

Salivary amylas

60
Q

Connects the mouth with the esophagus

A

PHARYNX (THROAT)

61
Q

for respiration only

A

Nasopharynx

62
Q

digestive and respiratory function

A

Oropharynx

63
Q

The
posterior walls of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx are formed by the

A

superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles

64
Q

inferior pharynx

A

Laryngopharynx

65
Q

transfers food from pharynx to stomach

A

esophagus

66
Q

a muscular tube, lined with
moist stratified squamous epithelium, that extends from the pharynx to
the stomach

A

esophagus

67
Q

located at the upper and lower ends of the esophagus,
respectively, regulate the movement of food into and out of the esophagus

A

esophageal sphincters

68
Q

storage and mixing chamber

A

stomach

69
Q

Transports food from pharynx to the stomach.

A

swallowing

70
Q

swallowing phases

A

(1) the voluntary phase
(2) the pharyngeal phase
(3) the esophageal phase

71
Q

a bolus, or mass of food, is formed in the mouth. The tongue pushes the bolus against the hard palate. This
forces the bolus toward the posterior part of the mouth and into the oropharynx

A

voluntary phase

72
Q

This phase is initiated when a bolus of food stimulates receptors in the oropharynx to elevate the soft palate, closing off the nasopharynx

A

pharyngeal phase

73
Q

is responsible for moving food
from the pharynx to the stomach

A

esophageal phase

74
Q

stomach 4 regions

A

cardiac part
fundus
body
pyloric part

75
Q

The part
of the stomach to the left of the cardiac part, the ______, is
actually superior to the cardiac opening.

A

fundus

76
Q

The largest part of the stomach

A

body

77
Q

helps regulate
the movement of gastric contents into the small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

77
Q

The body narrows to form the funnel-shaped _____ part of the stomach

A

pyloric part

78
Q

The submucosa and mucosa of the stomach are arranged in large folds called

A

rugae

78
Q

muscularis layers

A

(1) an outer longitudinal layer
(2) a middle circular layer
(3) an inner oblique layer

79
Q

which produce regulatory hormones and paracrine signal
molecules

A

endocrine cells

79
Q

The epithelial cells of the stomach can be divided into five groups

A

(1) surface mucous cells
(2) mucous neck cells
(3) parietal cells
(4) endocrine cells
(5) chief cells

80
Q

which are found on the inner surface of the stomach
and lining the gastric pits. These cells produce mucus that coats and protects
the stomach lining

A

Surface mucous cells

81
Q

which produce hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

A

parietal cells

82
Q

which produce pepsinogen and pepsin

A

chief cells

83
Q

major site of the nutrient absorption

A

duodenum and jejunum

84
Q

body’s major digestive organ

A

small intestine

85
Q

small intestine 3 divisions

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
86
Q

Tiny, fingerlike projections of the mucosa

A

Villi

86
Q

The mucosa and submucosa form a series of circular folds
that run perpendicular to the long axis of the digestive tract

A

Circular folds

87
Q

mucous glands in the
submucosa of the duodenum, which open into the
base of the intestinal glands

A

Duodenal glands

87
Q

Most of the cells composing the surface of the villi have
numerous cytoplasmic extensions ; increase surface area

A

Microvilli

88
Q

clusters of lymphatic nodules that
are common along the entire length of the digestive
tract and are numerous in the ileum

A

Peyer Patches

89
Q

the site where the ileum
connects to the large intestine

A

Ileocecal junction

89
Q

terminal portion of GI tract

A

large intestine

90
Q

allow the
intestinal contents to move from the ileum to the
large intestine, but not in the opposite direction

A

Ileocecal sphincter and ileocecal valve

91
Q

The proximal end of the large intestine where it joins
with the small intestine at the ileocecal junction

A

CECUM

91
Q

formation of feces

A

large intestine

91
Q

extends superiorly from the
cecum to the right colic flexure, near the liver,
where the colon turns to the left

A

Ascending colon

92
Q

Attached to the cecum is a tube about 9 cm long
called the

A

appendix

93
Q

extends from the right colic
flexure to the left colic flexure near the spleen,
where the colon turns inferiorly

A

Transverse colon

94
Q

extends from the left colic
flexure to the pelvis, where the colon becomes
the sigmoid colon

A

Descending colon

95
Q

forms an S-shaped tube that
extends medially and then inferiorly into the
pelvic cavity and ends at the rectum

A

Sigmoid colon

96
Q

A straight, muscular tube that begins at the
termination of the sigmoid colon and ends at the
anal canal.

A

RECTUM

97
Q

It begins at the inferior end of the rectum and ends
at the anus.

A

ANAL CANAL

98
Q

largest internal organ of the body

A

liver

99
Q

liver 2 major lobes

A

right and left lobe

100
Q

liver 2 minor lobes

A

caudate and quadrate lobe

101
Q

carries nutrient-rich blood
from the digestive tract to the liver

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

102
Q

delivers oxygenated blood to
the liver

A

Hepatic Artery

103
Q

inferior surface of the liver

A

gall bladder

103
Q

functional cells of the liver

A

hepatocytes

104
Q

both endorcine and exocrine tissues

A

pancreas

ANP 101 (25 decks)

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