Chap 8: Nervous System (Transes) Flashcards
Brain and spinal cord
CNS
All the nervous tissue outside the CNS, including nerves and ganglia.
PNS
also known as
afferent division; conducts action
potentials from sensory receptors to
the CNS
Sensory division
neurons that
transmit action potentials from the
periphery to the CNS
Sensory neurons
also known as
efferent division; PNS conducts
action potentials from the CNS to
effector organs, such as muscles and
glands
Motor division:
neurons that
transmit action potentials from the
CNS toward the periphery
Motor neurons
Transmits
action potentials from the CNS to cardiac
muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
Autonomic nervous system:
transmits action
potentials from the CNS to skeletal muscles
Somatic nervous system
unique
subdivision of the peripheral nervous
system
Enteric nervous system
The two types of cells that make up the
nervous system are
neurons and glial cells
Also known as nerve cells
NEURONS
contains single nucleus;
source of information for gene
expression
Cell Body
receive information from
other neurons or from sensory
receptors and transmit the
information toward the neuron cell
body
Dendrites
formed
when axon remain
unbranched
Collateral axons
area where the
axon leaves the neuron cell
body
Axon hillock
The supportive cells of the CNS and PNS,
meaning these cells do not conduct action
potentials
GLIAL CELLS
closed until
opened by specific signals
Gated channels
cell membrane with
uneven distribution of charge
Polarized
always open; ions
can “leak” across the membrane
down their concentration gradient
Leak channels
opened by neurotransmitters or other
chemicals
Chemically gated channels
opened by
a change in membrane potential
Voltage-gated channels
where action potential starts; triggers nerve impulse
Axon hillock
where neurotransmitters are released
terminal boutons
where saltatory conduction occurs
nodes of ranvier
non-conducting part
myelin sheath
an electrical signal that causes a response to another neuron/target cell
nerve impulse
group of neurons outside the CNS
Ganglion
grp of neurons within the CNS
Nucleus
group of nerve fibers (axons) outside CNS
Nerve
group of NF w/ in CNS
Tract
The junction where the axon of one
neuron interacts with another neuron
or with cells of an effector organ, such
as a muscle or gland
SYNAPSE
end of
the axon
Presynaptic terminal
membrane of the dendrite or
effector cell
Postsynaptic membrane
space
separating the presynaptic
and postsynaptic membranes
Synaptic cleft
neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic membrane that bind to receptor proteints in the postsynaptic membrane to excite the neuron
Chemical synapse
also known as neuromuscular junction
chemical synapse
action potentials are transmitted from one smooth muscle fiber to the next visceral smooth muscle
electrical synapse
axon terminal - dendrite
Axodendritic
axon terminal - cell body
axosomatic
axon terminal - axon terminal
axoaxonica
dendrite - dentrite
dendrodendritic
