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ANP 101 > Chap 18: Urinary System > Flashcards

Chap 18: Urinary System Flashcards

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1
Q

Major excretory system of the body

A

URINARY SYSTEM

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2
Q
  • a cavity where the hilum opens
A

Renal Sinus

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2
Q

bean shaped organ

A

kidney

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3
Q

organs of the urinary system

A
  1. kidney
  2. ureter
  3. urinary bladder
  4. urethra
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3
Q

layer of connective tissue that
surround each kidney

A

Renal Capsule

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4
Q

tips of the pyramids; pointing
toward the renal sinus

A

Renal Papillae

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4
Q

The kidneys are organized into 2 major regions

A

○ outer cortex
○ Inner medulla

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4
Q

where renal artery and nerves enter,
and where the renal vein, ureter, and lymphatic
vessels exit the kidney

A

Hilum

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5
Q

location for the blood-filtering structure of
the kidney

A

Cortex

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6
Q

contains the renal pyramids

A

Medulla

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7
Q

collection of tubes and ducts that
transport fluid throughout the kidney and modify it
into urine

A

Renal Pyramids

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7
Q

collects the urine for movement to
the urinary bladder

A

Renal Sinus

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8
Q

funnel-shaped chamber; surrounds the tip
of the papilla; where urine leaving the renal papilla
empties into

A

Calyx

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9
Q

transports urine from the renal pelvis to the
urinary bladder

A

Ureter

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10
Q

single, enlarged, funnel-shaped
chamber where urine from several calyces is
emptied into

A

Renal Pelvis

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11
Q

Histological and functional units of the kidney

A

NEPHRONS

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12
Q

NEPHRONS Consists of specialized structure including small tubes called

A

tubules

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12
Q

Have long loops of Henle which extend deep
into the medulla

A

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

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13
Q

have renal corpuscles
that are found deep in the cortex near the medulla

A

Juxtamedullary Nephrons

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13
Q

4 regions of a nephron:

A

○ Renal Corpuscle
○ Proximal Convoluted Tubule
○ Loop of Henle
○ Distal Convoluted Tubule

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14
Q

Where blood plasma is filtered

A

RENAL CORPUSCLE

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14
Q

Have shorter loops of Henle than
juxtamedullary, and are closer the the outer
edge of the cortex

A

Cortical Nephrons

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14
Q

have renal corpuscles that are
distributed throughout the cortex

A

Cortical Nephrons

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15
Q

Filtration portion of the nephron

A

RENAL CORPUSCLE

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15
Q

inner layer - constructed of
specialized cells called

A

podocytes

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15
Q

Consists of the glomerulus and the Bowman
capsule

A

RENAL CORPUSCLE

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16
Q

network of capillaries twisted
around each other like a ball of yarn

A

Glomerulus

17
Q
  • indented, double-walled
    chamber surrounding the glomerulus
A

Bowman Capsule

18
Q

consists of capillary
endothelium, basement membrane, and podocytes
of the Bowman capsule

A

filtration membrane

18
Q

important regulatory
structure located next to the glomerulus

A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

18
Q

Flow of filtrate through Nephron

A

○ Renal corpuscle
○ Proximal tubule
○ descending loop of Henle
○ ascending loop of Henle
○ Distal tubule
○ Collecting ducts
○ Papillary duct

18
Q

plays an important
role in the regulation of filtrate formation and blood
pressure

A

renin

19
Q

Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries forces fluid and small molecules out of the blood to create filtrate

A

Filtration

20
Q

Nonspecific process whereby materials are
separated based on size or charge

A

FILTRATION

20
Q

3 forces or pressure determine the amount of filtrate
formed

A

FILTRATION PRESSURE

20
Q

active transport of solutes across the nephron walls into the filtrate

A

Tubular Secretion

20
Q

movement of substances from the filtrate across the wall of the nephron back into the blood of the peritubular capilliaries

A

Tubular Reabsorption

20
Q

main driving force that filters substance

A

blood pressure

21
Q

blood
pressure inside the glomerular capillaries;
outward pressure from blood pressing on
fenestrated capillary walls

A

Glomerular Capillary Pressure

22
Q

inward pressure that
opposes filtration; due to the pressure from the
filtrate fluid in the capsular space

A

Capsular Pressure

23
Q

inward pressure
that opposes filtration; due to the osmotic
pressure of palms proteins in the glomerular
capillaries

A

Colloid osmotic Pressure

23
Q

Transport of water and solutes from the filtrate into
the blood

A

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

24
Q

primary site of reabsorption

A

proximal convulated tubule

24
Q

fluids in separate structures flow in opposite directions relative to each other. As they pass by each other, materials can be exchanged between them

A

countercurrent mechanism

24
Q

The countercurrent mechanism creates a very high solute concentration in the medulla compared to the cortex

A

medullary concentration gradient

24
Q

Movement of non filtered substances from the blood
into the filtrate

A

TUBULAR SECRETION

24
Q

ammonia secretion is

A

passive

24
Q

3 major hormonal mechanisms involved in
regulating urine concentration and volume:

A

○ Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
○ Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) mechanism
○ Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH) mechanism

24
Q

● Initiated under low blood pressure condition
● When BP decreases, juxtaglomerular apparatuses in
the kidneys secrete renin

A

RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE MECHANISM

24
Q

is secreted by neurons
in the posterior pituitary when the solute
concentration of blood increases

A

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE MECHANISM

24
Q

is secreted from cardiac muscle cells in the
right atrium when BP in the right atrium increases
above norma

A

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC HORMONE

25
Q

small tubes that carry urine from the renal
pelvis of the kidney to the posterior inferior portion
of the urinary bladder

A

Ureters

26
Q

hollow, muscular container that
lies in the pelvic cavity just posterior to the pubic
symphysis
○ Stores urine

A

Urinary Bladder

27
Q

tube that carries urine from the urinary
bladder to the outside of the body

A

Urethra

28
Q

triangle-shaped portion of the urinary
bladder located between the opening of the urethra
and urethra

A

Trigone

29
Q

contracts to keep the semen from entering the bladded during the intercourse

A

internal urethral sphincter

30
Q

consists of all
the fluid inside the cells of the body

A

Intracellular Fluid Compartment

30
Q

consists of fluid
outside all the cells of the body

A

Extracellular Fluid Compartment

31
Q

Water intake is controlled by neurons in

A

hypothalamus

32
Q

helps in Ca2+
absorption

A

Vitamin D

32
Q

Decreased Ca2+ concentrations makes cell
membranes more permeable to Na+, thus
making them more electrically excitable

A

Calcium Ions

33
Q

lowers extracellular
Ca2+ levels

A

Calcitonin

33
Q

Dehydration causes extracellular K+
concentrations to increases

A

Potassium Ions

33
Q

About 90-95% of the osmotic pressure of the
extracellular fluid results from Na+

A

Sodium Ions:

33
Q

These are reabsorbed by the active transport in
the kidneys

A

Phosphate and Sulfate Ions

33
Q

stimulates osteoclasts of
reabsorb bone which increases
Ca2+ and phosphate;

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH

34
Q

is activated by stretching of
the urinary bladder wall.

A

MICTURITION

ANP 101 (25 decks)

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