Chap 5: Integumentary System Flashcards
superficial layer of skin
Epidermis
a layer of dense connective tissue right below the epidermis
Dermis
the cells change shape and
chemical composition; it becomes filled with the
protein keratin which makes them more rigid
and durable
Keratinization
Consists of cuboidal
or columnar cells
Stratum Basale
Has a flattened
appearance
Stratum Spinosum
Accumulates lipid
filled vesicles called
lamellar bodies
Stratum Spinosum
Flat and diamond
shaped
Stratum Granulosum
The cells accumulate
more keratin and
release the content of
the lamellar bodies to
the extracellular
space
Stratum Granulosum
The cells of this layer
no longer have nuclei
or organelles making
cells stain more
lightly
Spinosum
Consists of 25 or
more layers of dead
squamous cells filled
with keratin joined by
desmosomes
Stratum Corneum
sloughed cells from the surface of the scalp
Dandruf
formed when the layers of stratum corneum
increases when subjected to friction
Callus
a cone-shaped structure that can form in
body areas due to layering
Corn
Dense collagenous connective tissue
DERMIS
orientation of collagen fibers
in different directions; the skin is most resistant
to stretch along these lines
Cleavage lines
damage in the dermis caused
by overstretching
Stretch marks
projections on the upper part
of the dermis; supplies nutrients to the dermis
Dermal papillae
patterns that shape the
overlying epidermis
Friction ridges
delivers material to the
blood slowly; administered by inserting a small
needle at a shallow angle into the dermis
Intradermal injection
pinching the skin to
form a tent and inserting a short needle into the
adipose tissue
Subcutaneous injectio
group of pigments responsible for skin,
hair, and eye color; also provides protection against
UV light from the sun
Melanin
delivers material to
the blood faster the intradermal or
subcutaneous; inserting a long needle at a 90
degree angle into a muscle deep to the
subcutaneous tissue
Intramuscular injection
a decrease of O2 in the blood producing
a bluish color of the skin
Cyanosis
produces melanin
Melanocytes
vesicles where melanin is
packaged
Melanosomes
recessive genetic trait that causes a deficiency or an absence of melanin resulting in fair skin, white hair, and unpigmented irises in the eyes
Albinism
yellow pigment found in plants such as
squash and carrots
Carotene
Caused by exposure to UV light from the sun
SKIN CANCER
develops from
cells immediately superficial to the stratum
basale; results to nodular, keratinized tumor
confined to the epidermis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
the most frequent
type, with little chance that this type of cancer
will spread or metastasize to other areas
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Found everywhere on the skin, except on the palms,
soles, lips, nipples, parts of the genitalia, and the
distal segments of the fingers and toes
HAIR
rare form of skin
cancer that arises from melanocytes, usually a
in a preexisting mole; it is common and often
fatal unless diagnosed and treated early in
development
Malignant Melanoma
Not part of the skin but attaches the skin to
underlying bone and muscle
Hypodermis
protrudes above the surface of the skin
Hair Shaft
invagination of the epidermis that extends deep into the dermis
Hair Follicle
expanded base of the root; where hair is produced
Hair Bulb
surrounds the softer center
Cortex
single layer or overlapping cells that holds the hair in the hair follicle
Cuticle
extension of the dermis that
protrudes into the hair bulb; its blood vessels supply the hair bulb with nourishment to
produce hair
Hair Papilla
soft center of the hair
Medulla
smooth muscle cells; when it
contracts it causes the hair to become more
perpendicular to the skin’s surface and raises an
area of the skin called a “goose bump”
Arrector Pili
simple, branches acinar
glands that produces sebum
Sebaceous Glands
simple coiled tubular glands
Eccrine Glands
simple, coiled tubular glands
Apocrine Glands
oily, white substance rich in lipids; lubricates the hair and the surface of the skin
Sebum
A thin plate, consisting of layers of dead stratum
corneum that contain a very hard type of keratin
NAILS
part of the nail covered by skin
Nail Root
visible part of the nail
Nail Body
stratum corneum that extends onto
the nail body
Cuticle
where the nail root extends distally
Nail Matrix
a bluish color of the skin caused by decreased blood O2
Cyanosis
a yellowish skin color resulting from liver damaged by a disease such as hepatitis
Jaundice
results when bacteria infecting the
throat release a toxin into the blood that causes a
reddish rash on the skin
Scarlet fever
the skin produces excess
keratin and assumes a characteristic sandpaper
texture
Vitamin A Deficiency
the nails lose their normal
contour and become flat or concave
Iron-deficiency Anemia
high levels of lead in the hair
Lead poisoning
Part of the stratum
basale remains
viable, and
regeneration of the
epidermis occurs
from within the burn
area, as well as the
edges of the burn.
Partial-Thickness Burn
● First-degree burn
● Second-degree burn
Partial-Thickness Burn
The epidermis and
the dermis are
completely
destroyed, and
recovery occurs from
the edge of the burn
wound.
Full-Thickness Burns
● Third-degree burn
● Fourth-degree burn
Full-Thickness Burns
involve only the epidermis and
are red and painful
First-degree burns
damage both the
epidermis and the dermis
Second-degree burns
the epidermis and dermis are
completely destroyed
Third-degree burns
the epidermis and part of the
dermis are removed from another part of the
body and placed over the burn
Split skin graft
extremely severe burns that
affect tissues deeper than the subcutaneous tissue
Fourth-degree burns
