Chap 5: Integumentary System Flashcards by Aiah Cayabyab

superficial layer of skin

Epidermis

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a layer of dense connective tissue right below the epidermis

Dermis

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the cells change shape and
chemical composition; it becomes filled with the
protein keratin which makes them more rigid
and durable

Keratinization

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Consists of cuboidal
or columnar cells

Stratum Basale

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Has a flattened
appearance

Stratum Spinosum

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Accumulates lipid
filled vesicles called
lamellar bodies

Stratum Spinosum

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Flat and diamond
shaped

Stratum Granulosum

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The cells accumulate
more keratin and
release the content of
the lamellar bodies to
the extracellular
space

Stratum Granulosum

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The cells of this layer
no longer have nuclei
or organelles making
cells stain more
lightly

Spinosum

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Consists of 25 or
more layers of dead
squamous cells filled
with keratin joined by
desmosomes

Stratum Corneum

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sloughed cells from the surface of the scalp

Dandruf

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formed when the layers of stratum corneum
increases when subjected to friction

Callus

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a cone-shaped structure that can form in
body areas due to layering

Corn

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Dense collagenous connective tissue

DERMIS

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orientation of collagen fibers
in different directions; the skin is most resistant
to stretch along these lines

Cleavage lines

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damage in the dermis caused
by overstretching

Stretch marks

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projections on the upper part
of the dermis; supplies nutrients to the dermis

Dermal papillae

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patterns that shape the
overlying epidermis

Friction ridges

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delivers material to the
blood slowly; administered by inserting a small
needle at a shallow angle into the dermis

Intradermal injection

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pinching the skin to
form a tent and inserting a short needle into the
adipose tissue

Subcutaneous injectio

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group of pigments responsible for skin,
hair, and eye color; also provides protection against
UV light from the sun

Melanin

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delivers material to
the blood faster the intradermal or
subcutaneous; inserting a long needle at a 90
degree angle into a muscle deep to the
subcutaneous tissue

Intramuscular injection

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a decrease of O2 in the blood producing
a bluish color of the skin

Cyanosis

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produces melanin

Melanocytes

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vesicles where melanin is packaged

Melanosomes

recessive genetic trait that causes a deficiency or an absence of melanin resulting in fair skin, white hair, and unpigmented irises in the eyes

Albinism

yellow pigment found in plants such as squash and carrots

Carotene

Caused by exposure to UV light from the sun

SKIN CANCER

develops from cells immediately superficial to the stratum basale; results to nodular, keratinized tumor confined to the epidermis

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

the most frequent type, with little chance that this type of cancer will spread or metastasize to other areas

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Found everywhere on the skin, except on the palms, soles, lips, nipples, parts of the genitalia, and the distal segments of the fingers and toes

HAIR

rare form of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, usually a in a preexisting mole; it is common and often fatal unless diagnosed and treated early in development

Malignant Melanoma

Not part of the skin but attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle

Hypodermis

protrudes above the surface of the skin

Hair Shaft

invagination of the epidermis that extends deep into the dermis

Hair Follicle

expanded base of the root; where hair is produced

Hair Bulb

surrounds the softer center

Cortex

single layer or overlapping cells that holds the hair in the hair follicle

Cuticle

extension of the dermis that protrudes into the hair bulb; its blood vessels supply the hair bulb with nourishment to produce hair

Hair Papilla

soft center of the hair

Medulla

smooth muscle cells; when it contracts it causes the hair to become more perpendicular to the skin’s surface and raises an area of the skin called a “goose bump”

Arrector Pili

simple, branches acinar glands that produces sebum

Sebaceous Glands

simple coiled tubular glands

Eccrine Glands

simple, coiled tubular glands

Apocrine Glands

oily, white substance rich in lipids; lubricates the hair and the surface of the skin

Sebum

A thin plate, consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum that contain a very hard type of keratin

NAILS

part of the nail covered by skin

Nail Root

visible part of the nail

Nail Body

stratum corneum that extends onto the nail body

Cuticle

where the nail root extends distally

Nail Matrix

a bluish color of the skin caused by decreased blood O2

Cyanosis

a yellowish skin color resulting from liver damaged by a disease such as hepatitis

Jaundice

results when bacteria infecting the throat release a toxin into the blood that causes a reddish rash on the skin

Scarlet fever

the skin produces excess keratin and assumes a characteristic sandpaper texture

Vitamin A Deficiency

the nails lose their normal contour and become flat or concave

Iron-deficiency Anemia

high levels of lead in the hair

Lead poisoning

Part of the stratum basale remains viable, and regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burn area, as well as the edges of the burn.

Partial-Thickness Burn

● First-degree burn ● Second-degree burn

Partial-Thickness Burn

The epidermis and the dermis are completely destroyed, and recovery occurs from the edge of the burn wound.

Full-Thickness Burns

● Third-degree burn ● Fourth-degree burn

Full-Thickness Burns

involve only the epidermis and are red and painful

First-degree burns

damage both the epidermis and the dermis

Second-degree burns

the epidermis and dermis are completely destroyed

Third-degree burns

the epidermis and part of the dermis are removed from another part of the body and placed over the burn

Split skin graft

extremely severe burns that affect tissues deeper than the subcutaneous tissue

Fourth-degree burns