Chap 15: Respiratory System WS Flashcards
Posterior openings from the nasal cavity into the pharynx
Internal nares
Divides the nasal cavity into right and left parts
Nasal septum
Bony ridges on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Conchae
Air-filled spaces within bones that connect to the nasal cavity;
reduce skull weight and act as resonating chambers
Paranasal sinuses
Brings tears from the eyes into the nasal cavity
Nasolacrimal duct
Produces mucus that traps debris in the air; moves mucus to the pharynx
Epithelium
The superior part of the pharynx
Nasopharynx
These two structures prevent swallowed materials from
entering the nasopharynx
Soft palate and Uvula
The auditory tubes open into this part of the pharynx
Nasopharynx
Extends from the uvula to the epiglottis; the oral cavity opens
into it
Oropharynx
Connects to the esophagus
Laryngopharynx
Largest, unpaired cartilage of the larynx; the Adam’s apple
Thyroid cartilage
Unpaired cartilage; covers opening into larynx during
swallowing
Epiglottis
Three paired cartilages
- Arytenoid cartilage
- Corniculate cartilag
- Cuneiform cartilage
Ligaments that close together to prevent materials from
entering the larynx
Vestibular folds
Vibrate to produce sound; the true vocal cords
Vocal folds
Extends from the larynx and divides to form two tubes;
supported by C-shaped cartilages.
Trachea
During swallowing, the esophagus pushes into this tube
Trachea
Tubes that supply each lung
Primary bronchi
Parts of the lung separated by deep fissures on the surface of
the lungs
Lobes
Sections of lung separated by connective tissue but not visible
as surface fissures.
Bronchopulmonary segments
Tubes that supply the lobes of the lungs
Secondary bronchi
Tubes that supply the bronchopulmonary segments.
Tertiary bronchi
Tubes that supply the respiratory bronchioles.
Terminal bronchioles
Tubes formed by the subdivision of the respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Place where most gas exchange takes place (some exchange
takes place in the alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles)
Alveoli
Cavity that contains the lungs and the pleural cavities
Thoracic cavity
Cavity formed by membranes; surround the lungs
Pleural cavity
The part of the pleural membrane that is in contact with the lungs
Visceral pleura
The pleural cavity contains a thin film of this substance which
acts as a lubricant
Pleural fluid
Located deep to the visceral pleura
Superficial lymphatic vessels
Follows the bronchi, but does not supply alveoli
Deep lymphatic vessels
Includes the diaphragm and muscles that elevate the ribs and
sternum
Muscles of inspiration
Responsible for most of the change in thoracic volume during
breathing
Diaphragm
Muscles that depress the ribs and sternum
Muscles of expiration
Expiration during quite breathing occurs when these muscles
relax and the elastic recoil of the thorax and lungs decreases
thoracic volume
Muscles of inspiration
Two factors that cause the lungs to recoil.
Surface tension of alveolar
Elastic fibers
A mixture of lipoproteins produced by the epithelium of the
alveoli; reduces surface tension
Surfactant
Two factors that keep the lungs from collapsing.
Surfactant
Pleural pressure
Examples are tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume,
expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume
Pulmonary volumes
Volume of air inspired or expired by quiet breathing.
Tidal volume
Volume of air in lungs after maximum expiration
Residual volume
Sum of two or more pulmonary volume
Pulmonary capacity
Sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and
expiratory reserve volume
Vital capacity
After a person inspires maximally, the rate at which lung
volume changes when he exhales maximally and as rapidly as
possible.
Forced expiratory vital capacity
Volume of respiratory passageways in which no gas exchange
between air and blood occurs
Dead space
The pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture of gases.
Partial pressure
