Chap 14: Immune System Flashcards
the ability to resist damage from foreign substances
Immunity
defense against any pathogen
Innate immunity
first line of defense
physical barriers
types of immunity
- innate
- adaptive
promote inflmmation by causin vasolidation
histamine
are chemicals that can kill microbes and prevent their entry into cells
chemical mediators
found in tears and saliva to kill bacteria
lysozyme
prevent entry of microbes
mucous membranes
produced in red bone marrow and lymphatic tissues fight foreign susbtances
WBC
ingest and destroy foreign substances
Phagocytic cells
proteins that protect agains viral infections by stimulating surrounding cells to produce antiviral proteins
chemical mediators
leave blood and enter infected tissues and can release histamine
basophils
first to respond to infection but die quickly
neutrophils
release chemicals to reduce inflammation
eosinophils
protect lymph in lymph nodes and blood in spleen and liver
Marcophages
can release leukotrienes
mast cells
recognize classes of cells such as tumor cells or virus infected cells
natural killer cells
is defense that involves specific recognition to a specific antigen
adaptive immunity
uses lymphocyctes B and T cells
adaptive immunity
2 types of adaptive
antibody-mediated
cell-mediated
substance that stimulates an immune response
antigen
proteins that body produces in respone to an antigen
antibody
molecule produced by the person’s body that stimulates an immune system response
self-atnigen
involved in adaptive immunity
Lymphocytes
gives rise to all blood cells
stem cells
involved in cell-mediated immunity
T cells
involved in antibody-mediated immunity
B cells
lead to production of antibodies
B cells
site on atibody where antigen binds
antigen-binding sites
number of antigen-binding sites on antibody
valence
activates compliment and increases phagocytosis
IgG
often the first antibody produced in response to an antigen
IgM
protects body surfaces
IgA
binds to mast cells and basophils and stimulates the inflammatory respons
IgE
functions as an antigen-binding rceptor on B cells
IgD
activate macrophages
Helper T cells
destroys antigen on contact
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
turn off immune system response when antigen is gone
Regulatory T cells
