Chap 8: Nervous System - CNS I: Brain Regions & Organizations Flashcards
1
Q
THE FOUR ADULT BRAIN REGIONS:
A
- Cerebral Hemispheres
- Diencephalon
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
2
Q
outer layer or “bank” of gray matter
A
cortex
3
Q
- Cushions the brain and spinal cord from injury
A
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
4
Q
CSF appearance
A
clear, colorless
5
Q
CSF Pressure:
A
70-180mm water
6
Q
CSF Volume
A
contains approximately 125 to 150 ml
7
Q
CSF FLOW
A
- Choroid plexus
- Lateral ventricle
- Foramen of monroe
- Third ventricle
- Sylvian aqueduct
- Fourth ventricle
- Foramen of Luschka
- Foramen of Magendie
- Subarachnoid space
- Arachnoid villi
- Superior sagittal sinus
8
Q
- Are continuous with one another and with the central canal of the spinal cord
A
VENTRICLES
9
Q
- Hollow ventricular chambers are filled with
A
CSF and lined by ependymal cells
9
Q
- Deep within each cerebral hemisphere
A
LATERAL VENTRICLE
10
Q
- Large C-shaped chamber
A
LATERAL VENTRICLE
11
Q
thin membrane separating the lateral ventricles
A
o Septum pellucidum
12
Q
- narrow ventricle
A
3RD VENTRICLE
13
Q
ventricle: dorsal to pons and superior to medulla
A
4TH VENTRICLE
14
Q
Blood supply of ACA
A
Medial aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes
15
Q
Blood supply of MCA
A
Most of the lateral surfaces of frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes
16
Q
Blood supply of PCA
A
Inferior Occipital and temporal lobes
17
Q
drains the upper part of the cerebral cortex, subarachnoid space via the arachnoid granulation
A
Superior sagittal sinus
18
Q
drains the deeper parts of the cerebrum
A
Inferior sagittal sinus
19
Q
collects blood from the deeper side of the brain
A
Straight sinus
20
Q
goes to sigmoid sinus (R and L)
A
Transverse sinus
21
Q
final collecting point before going to SVC thru interjugular vein then right atrium
A
Sigmoid sinus
22
Q
elevates ridges
A
- Gyri
23
Q
- 83% of total brain mass
A
CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
24
shallow grooves
* Sulci
25
deeper grooves separating large regions of brain
* Fissures
26
separate cerebral hemispheres from each other
Median longitudinal fissure
27
separates hemispheres from cerebellum below
Transverse cerebral fissure
28
5 LOBES
1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Temporal
4. Occipital
5. Insula
29
SULCUS
1. Central sulcus
2. Parieto-occipital sulcus
3. Lateral sulcus
30
* executive suite
CEREBRAL CORTEX
31
cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas
o motor areas
o sensory areas
o association areas
32
* all neurons in the cortex are
interneurons
33
consciously control the precise or skilled voluntary movements of our skeletal muscles
Primary (Somatic) Motor Cortex
BA 4
33
* Control voluntary movement
MOTOR AREAS
33
A mapping of the body in CNS structures is called
somatotopic organization
34
controls learned motor skills of repeated or pattern nature
Pre-motor Cortex
BA 6
35
responsible for directing the muscles involved in speech production
Broca’s area
BA 44, 45
36
controls voluntary movement of the eyes
Frontal-Eye-Field
BA 8
37
concerned with the individual’s personality
Pre-frontal cortex
BA 9, 10, 11, 12
38
Integrate sensory inputs
Primary Somatosensory Area
BA 3, 1, 2
39
To relate information received by the primary visual area to past visual experiences, thus enabling the individual to recognize and appreciate what he or she is seeing
Secondary visual area
BA 18, 19
39
To receive and integrate different sensory modalities
Somesthetic Association Area
BA 5,7
40
Receives visual information
Primary visual cortex
BA 17
41
Receiving auditory
Primary Auditory cortex (Heschl’s gyrus)
BA 41-42
42
* receiving inputs from multiple senses and sending outputs to multiple areas
ASSOCIATION AREAS
43
* It is involved with intellect, complex learning, abilities (cognition), recall, ambition, sense of purpose, insight, foresight and personality
ANTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA
43
* Contains working memory
ANTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA
44
* Abstract ideas, reasoning, persistence and planning
ANTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA
45
* Recognizing patterns and faces
POSTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA
46
o Area for naming objects
POSTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA
47
* Provides emotional impact
LIMBIC ASSOCIATION AREA
48
* Provides the sense of “danger”
LIMBIC ASSOCIATION AREA
49
* About 90% has greater control over language abilities, math, and logic
LEFT HEMISPHERE
50
* More free-spirited, involved in visual-spatial skills, intuition, emotion, and artistic and musical skills
RIGHT HEMISPHERE
51
a disruption of the patterning and execution of learned motor movement
* Apraxia
52
o inability to recognize objects by touch
Astereognosia
53
a. Involving the ears and eyes
1. Sensory aspect (language input)
54
a. Involving vocalization
2. Motor aspect (language output)
55
inability to understand the spoken word
receptive aphasia
56
inability to understand the written word
to visual receptive aphasia/dyslexia
57
* Inability to interpret the thought heard via spoken word AND written word that was read
WERNICKE’S APHASIA
58
* Capable of deciding what he or she wants to say but cannot make the vocal system emit words instead of noises
BROCA’S APHASIA
58
* Total dement for language understanding or communication
GLOBAL APHASIA
59
Paleocerebellum
Anterior
Spino
Posture & tone
60
Archi
Flocculonodular
Vestibulo
Balance
61
Neocerebellum
Posterior
Fine movement
Coordination
62
* Is the region of the brain that connects the spinal cord to the base of the rest of the brain
BRAINSTEM
63
* Also known as the “mesencephalon”
MIDBARIN
64
* It is the smallest region of the brainstem, located just superior to the pons
MIDBARIN
65
o Is a collection of four nuclei located on the dorsal surface of the midbrain
Corpora Quadrigemina
66
* Contains ascending and descending tracts and several nuclei
PONS
67
initiates rapid movement sleep
pontine sleep center
68
works with the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata to help control respiratory movement
pontine respiratory center
69
* Is the most inferior part of the brainstem
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
70
o Are two prominent enlargements on the anterior surface
* PYRAMIDS
71
* Contains sensory and motor tracts, cranial nerve nuclei, and related nuclei
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
72
o Are two rounded, oval structures, protrude from the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata just lateral to the superior ends of the pyramids
* OLIVES
73
* Is attached to the brainstem posteriorly via pons
CEREBELLUM
74
the white matter of the medulla that resembles a branching tree
* ARBOR VITAE
74
o Ridges found on the cerebellum cortex that are contained in the cerebellar lobules
* FOLIA
75
Cerebellum 3 parts
o Flocculonodular lobe
o Vermis
o Lateral Hemispheres
76
o Divides the lateral cerebellar hemispheres into anterior and posterior lobes
* PRIMARY FISSURE
77
* “Sensory relay station/center for information” coming into cerebral cortex
THALAMUS
77
o Divides the cerebellum and interior surfaces
* HORIZONTAL FISSURE
78
* Forms a central core of brain tissue superior to the midbrain
DIENCEPHALON
78
o Connects the two thalamic mass
* INTERTHALAMIC ADHESION (INTERMEDIATE MASS)
79
* The “central controller of endocrine system” and “major coordinating center of the ANS”
HYPOTHALAMUS
80
* Small area immediately inferior to thalamus
SUBTHALAMUS
81
Nuclei: Involved in controlling motor function
o Subthalamic nuclei
82
* Small area superior and posterior to thalamus
EPITHALAMUS
83
Involved in motivational control or behavior
o Habenula/habenular nucleus
