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ANP 101 > Chap 8: Nervous System - CNS I: Brain Regions & Organizations > Flashcards

Chap 8: Nervous System - CNS I: Brain Regions & Organizations Flashcards

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1
Q

THE FOUR ADULT BRAIN REGIONS:

A
  1. Cerebral Hemispheres
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Brainstem
  4. Cerebellum
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2
Q

outer layer or “bank” of gray matter

A

cortex

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3
Q
  • Cushions the brain and spinal cord from injury
A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

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4
Q

CSF appearance

A

clear, colorless

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5
Q

CSF Pressure:

A

70-180mm water

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6
Q

CSF Volume

A

contains approximately 125 to 150 ml

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7
Q

CSF FLOW

A
  1. Choroid plexus
  2. Lateral ventricle
  3. Foramen of monroe
  4. Third ventricle
  5. Sylvian aqueduct
  6. Fourth ventricle
  7. Foramen of Luschka
  8. Foramen of Magendie
  9. Subarachnoid space
  10. Arachnoid villi
  11. Superior sagittal sinus
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8
Q
  • Are continuous with one another and with the central canal of the spinal cord
A

VENTRICLES

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9
Q
  • Hollow ventricular chambers are filled with
A

CSF and lined by ependymal cells

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9
Q
  • Deep within each cerebral hemisphere
A

LATERAL VENTRICLE

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10
Q
  • Large C-shaped chamber
A

LATERAL VENTRICLE

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11
Q

thin membrane separating the lateral ventricles

A

o Septum pellucidum

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12
Q
  • narrow ventricle
A

3RD VENTRICLE

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13
Q

ventricle: dorsal to pons and superior to medulla

A

4TH VENTRICLE

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14
Q

Blood supply of ACA

A

Medial aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes

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15
Q

Blood supply of MCA

A

Most of the lateral surfaces of frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes

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16
Q

Blood supply of PCA

A

Inferior Occipital and temporal lobes

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17
Q

drains the upper part of the cerebral cortex, subarachnoid space via the arachnoid granulation

A

Superior sagittal sinus

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18
Q

drains the deeper parts of the cerebrum

A

Inferior sagittal sinus

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19
Q

collects blood from the deeper side of the brain

A

Straight sinus

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20
Q

goes to sigmoid sinus (R and L)

A

Transverse sinus

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21
Q

final collecting point before going to SVC thru interjugular vein then right atrium

A

Sigmoid sinus

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22
Q

elevates ridges

A
  • Gyri
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23
Q
  • 83% of total brain mass
A

CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES

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24
Q

shallow grooves

A
  • Sulci
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25
Q

deeper grooves separating large regions of brain

A
  • Fissures
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26
Q

separate cerebral hemispheres from each other

A

Median longitudinal fissure

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27
Q

separates hemispheres from cerebellum below

A

Transverse cerebral fissure

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28
Q

5 LOBES

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
  5. Insula
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29
Q

SULCUS

A
  1. Central sulcus
  2. Parieto-occipital sulcus
  3. Lateral sulcus
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30
Q
  • executive suite
A

CEREBRAL CORTEX

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31
Q

cerebral cortex contains three kinds of functional areas

A

o motor areas
o sensory areas
o association areas

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32
Q
  • all neurons in the cortex are
A

interneurons

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33
Q

consciously control the precise or skilled voluntary movements of our skeletal muscles

A

Primary (Somatic) Motor Cortex
BA 4

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33
Q
  • Control voluntary movement
A

MOTOR AREAS

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33
Q

A mapping of the body in CNS structures is called

A

somatotopic organization

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34
Q

controls learned motor skills of repeated or pattern nature

A

Pre-motor Cortex
BA 6

35
Q

responsible for directing the muscles involved in speech production

A

Broca’s area
BA 44, 45

36
Q

controls voluntary movement of the eyes

A

Frontal-Eye-Field
BA 8

37
Q

concerned with the individual’s personality

A

Pre-frontal cortex
BA 9, 10, 11, 12

38
Q

Integrate sensory inputs

A

Primary Somatosensory Area
BA 3, 1, 2

39
Q

To relate information received by the primary visual area to past visual experiences, thus enabling the individual to recognize and appreciate what he or she is seeing

A

Secondary visual area
BA 18, 19

39
Q

To receive and integrate different sensory modalities

A

Somesthetic Association Area
BA 5,7

40
Q

Receives visual information

A

Primary visual cortex
BA 17

41
Q

Receiving auditory

A

Primary Auditory cortex (Heschl’s gyrus)
BA 41-42

42
Q
  • receiving inputs from multiple senses and sending outputs to multiple areas
A

ASSOCIATION AREAS

43
Q
  • It is involved with intellect, complex learning, abilities (cognition), recall, ambition, sense of purpose, insight, foresight and personality
A

ANTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA

43
Q
  • Contains working memory
A

ANTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA

44
Q
  • Abstract ideas, reasoning, persistence and planning
A

ANTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA

45
Q
  • Recognizing patterns and faces
A

POSTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA

46
Q

o Area for naming objects

A

POSTERIOR ASSOCIATION AREA

47
Q
  • Provides emotional impact
A

LIMBIC ASSOCIATION AREA

48
Q
  • Provides the sense of “danger”
A

LIMBIC ASSOCIATION AREA

49
Q
  • About 90% has greater control over language abilities, math, and logic
A

LEFT HEMISPHERE

50
Q
  • More free-spirited, involved in visual-spatial skills, intuition, emotion, and artistic and musical skills
A

RIGHT HEMISPHERE

51
Q

a disruption of the patterning and execution of learned motor movement

A
  • Apraxia
52
Q

o inability to recognize objects by touch

A

Astereognosia

53
Q

a. Involving the ears and eyes

A
  1. Sensory aspect (language input)
54
Q

a. Involving vocalization

A
  1. Motor aspect (language output)
55
Q

inability to understand the spoken word

A

receptive aphasia

56
Q

inability to understand the written word

A

to visual receptive aphasia/dyslexia

57
Q
  • Inability to interpret the thought heard via spoken word AND written word that was read
A

WERNICKE’S APHASIA

58
Q
  • Capable of deciding what he or she wants to say but cannot make the vocal system emit words instead of noises
A

BROCA’S APHASIA

58
Q
  • Total dement for language understanding or communication
A

GLOBAL APHASIA

59
Q

Paleocerebellum

A

Anterior
Spino
Posture & tone

60
Q

Archi

A

Flocculonodular
Vestibulo
Balance

61
Q

Neocerebellum

A

Posterior
Fine movement
Coordination

62
Q
  • Is the region of the brain that connects the spinal cord to the base of the rest of the brain
A

BRAINSTEM

63
Q
  • Also known as the “mesencephalon”
A

MIDBARIN

64
Q
  • It is the smallest region of the brainstem, located just superior to the pons
A

MIDBARIN

65
Q

o Is a collection of four nuclei located on the dorsal surface of the midbrain

A

Corpora Quadrigemina

66
Q
  • Contains ascending and descending tracts and several nuclei
A

PONS

67
Q

initiates rapid movement sleep

A

pontine sleep center

68
Q

works with the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata to help control respiratory movement

A

pontine respiratory center

69
Q
  • Is the most inferior part of the brainstem
A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

70
Q

o Are two prominent enlargements on the anterior surface

A
  • PYRAMIDS
71
Q
  • Contains sensory and motor tracts, cranial nerve nuclei, and related nuclei
A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

72
Q

o Are two rounded, oval structures, protrude from the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata just lateral to the superior ends of the pyramids

A
  • OLIVES
73
Q
  • Is attached to the brainstem posteriorly via pons
A

CEREBELLUM

74
Q

the white matter of the medulla that resembles a branching tree

A
  • ARBOR VITAE
74
Q

o Ridges found on the cerebellum cortex that are contained in the cerebellar lobules

A
  • FOLIA
75
Q

Cerebellum 3 parts

A

o Flocculonodular lobe
o Vermis
o Lateral Hemispheres

76
Q

o Divides the lateral cerebellar hemispheres into anterior and posterior lobes

A
  • PRIMARY FISSURE
77
Q
  • “Sensory relay station/center for information” coming into cerebral cortex
A

THALAMUS

77
Q

o Divides the cerebellum and interior surfaces

A
  • HORIZONTAL FISSURE
78
Q
  • Forms a central core of brain tissue superior to the midbrain
A

DIENCEPHALON

78
Q

o Connects the two thalamic mass

A
  • INTERTHALAMIC ADHESION (INTERMEDIATE MASS)
79
Q
  • The “central controller of endocrine system” and “major coordinating center of the ANS”
A

HYPOTHALAMUS

80
Q
  • Small area immediately inferior to thalamus
A

SUBTHALAMUS

81
Q

Nuclei: Involved in controlling motor function

A

o Subthalamic nuclei

82
Q
  • Small area superior and posterior to thalamus
A

EPITHALAMUS

83
Q

Involved in motivational control or behavior

A

o Habenula/habenular nucleus

ANP 101 (24 decks)

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