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ANP 101 > Chap 11-13: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chap 11-13: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

called the “river of life”

A

BLOOD

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2
Q

the only fluid tissue in the body

A

BLOOD

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3
Q

allows important substances to be delivered
(as a transport system) to various organs and at the
same time it is a way by which the body can collect
waste products of metabolism

A

BLOOD

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4
Q

Fluid matrix

A

PLASMA

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5
Q

pale, yellow liquid that surrounds cells

A

PLASMA

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6
Q

It serves as the liquid base for whole blood

A

PLASMA

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7
Q

helps maintain water
balance

A

ALBUMIN

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8
Q

helps immune system

A

GLOBULIN

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9
Q

aids in clot formation

A

FIBRINOGEN

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10
Q

is the liquid or undiluted part of the blood, which lacks clotting factors

A

serum

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10
Q

is the process that produces
formed elements

A

HEMATOPOIESIS

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11
Q

the layer between RBC and plasma usually composed of WBC and platelets

A

Buffy Coat

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12
Q

is located at the pelvic bones
and at the ends of long bones

A

Red bone marrow

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13
Q

the single populations of cells
where all formed elements of the blood is
derived

A

Hematopoietic stem cells or
hemocytoblasts

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14
Q

where most
formed elements is derived

A

Myeloid stem cells

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15
Q

gives rise to the
lymphocytes

A

Lymphoid stem cells

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16
Q

Disk-shaped with thicker edges than the center

A

RED BLOOD CELL

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17
Q

They make ATP by anaerobic mechanism because they lack mitochondria

A

RED BLOOD CELL

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18
Q

transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs

A

RED BLOOD CELL

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19
Q

An Iron-bearing protein, transports most of the
oxygen that is carried in the blood

A

HEMOGLOBIN

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20
Q

A hemoglobin with an O2 attached

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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21
Q

binds to iron in
hemoglobin 210x more readily than O2 and
does not tend to unbind

A

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

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22
Q

70% of CO2 in the
blood is transported in the form of bicarbonate
ions; 30% of CO2 is transported to either
protein-bind or dissolved in plasma

A

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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23
Q

gives rise to the red blood cell line

A

Proerythroblasts

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24
Q

it is the production of RBCs

A

Erythropoiesis

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25
Q

starts in the red bone marrow with a precursor
cell called a proerythroblast

A

Erythropoiesis

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26
Q

remove dead cells and debris by
phagocytosis

A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS (LEUKOCYTES)

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27
Q

Fight infections

A

WHITE BLOOD
CELLS (LEUKOCYTES)

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28
Q

Include neutrophils,eosinophils
and basophils

A

GRANULOCYTES

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29
Q

Functions as phagocytes
at active sites

A

NEUTROPHILS

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30
Q

destroy parasites

A

EOSINOPHILS

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31
Q

release histamine that promotes inflammation
and heparin that prevents
clot formation

A

BASOPHILS

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32
Q

Include lymphocytes and monocytes

A

AGRANULOCYTES

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33
Q

Function as macrophages when they migrate into tissues

A

MONOCYTES

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34
Q

Produces antibodies and other
chemicals responsible for destroying microorganisms

A

LYMPHOCYTES

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35
Q

Needed for clotting
process

A

PLATELETS

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36
Q

When blood vessels are damaged, blood can leak into other tissues and disrupt
normal function

A

Blood loss

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37
Q

This process stops bleeding from a blood vessel
through a series of interconnected steps

A

HEMOSTASIS

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38
Q

Blood vessel constriction which is immediate
but temporary

A

VASCULAR SPASMS

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39
Q

Important in maintaining the integrity of
damaged blood vessels

A

PLATELET PLUG FORMATION

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40
Q

an important process that prevents excessive
bleeding when a blood vessel is injured

A

BLOOD CLOTTING (COAGULATION)

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41
Q

A clot that forms within a
blood vessel

A

Thrombus

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41
Q

network of thread-like
proteins called fibrin that
trap blood cells and fluid

A

CLOT

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42
Q

are used to prevent clot
formation

A

Anticoagulants

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43
Q

A clot that travels through
the bloodstream to block another
vessel

A

Embolus

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43
Q

condensing of clot

A

Clot retraction

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44
Q

process of dissolving clot

A

Fibrinolysis

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45
Q

Transfer of blood or blood components from
one individual to another

A

BLOOD TRANSFUSION

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46
Q

is the introduction of a fluid other than blood, such as saline or glucose solution,
into the blood

A

Infusion

47
Q

The clumping of blood cells

A

Agglutination

48
Q

These are molecules found on the surface of erythrocytes (red blood cells)

A

Antigens

48
Q

The rupture of red blood cells

A

Hemolysis

49
Q

These are proteins present in the plasma

A

Antibodies

49
Q

named based on the type of
antigen present

A

Blood groups

50
Q

has type B antigens

A

Type B

51
Q

has type A antigens

A

Type A

52
Q

has both types of antigens

A

Type AB

53
Q

has neither A nor B antigens

A

Type O

54
Q

are universal DONOR since
they lack both the antigens

A

Type O

55
Q

a vital, muscular organ responsible
for pumping blood throughout the body

A

HEART

56
Q

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart through vessels

A

Pulmonary Circulation

57
Q

The left side of the heart pumps blood to all other body tissues and back to the right side of the heart through a network of vessels

A

Systemic Circulation

58
Q

outer layer of the
pericardium, composed of tough fibrous connective
tissue

A

Fibrous Pericardium

59
Q

inner layer and consists of flat
epithelial cells

A

Serous Pericardium

60
Q

lines the fibrous pericardium

A

Parietal pericardium

61
Q

membrane that covers the surface of the heart

A

Visceral pericardium( or epicardium)

62
Q

space around the heart
enclosed by the pericardium

A

Pericardial cavity

63
Q

receives oxygenated
blood from the pulmonary veins

A

left atrium

63
Q

receives deoxygenated blood from three veins: the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

A

right atrium

64
Q

separates the right and left atria

A

interatrial septum

65
Q

is a prominent feature of the septum

A

fossa ovalis

66
Q

The two upper chambers of the heart are the receiving chambers

A

The Atria ( Right and left atrium)

67
Q

The two LOWER chambers of the heart

A

The Ventricles (Right and left ventricles)

68
Q

separates
right and left ventricles

A

Interventricular septum

69
Q

Is a cavity or chamber that can be filled with fluid

A

The Ventricles (Right and left ventricles)

70
Q

receives blood from
the left atrium and PUMPS it to the aorta

A

left ventricle

70
Q

receives blood from
the right atrium and PUMPS it to the main pulmonary artery

A

right ventricle

71
Q

between RV and pulmonary
trunk

A

Pulmonary valve

72
Q

between LV and aorta

A

Aortic valve

73
Q

These rings
surround the
atrioventricular and
semilunar valves,
providing them with
strong support

A

CARDIAC SKELETON

74
Q

Supply blood to the heart wall

A

Coronary Arteries

75
Q

Supplies blood to the right ventricle

A

Right Coronary Artery

75
Q

Supplies blood to the anterior heart wall and the left
ventricle

A

Left Coronary Artery

76
Q

Drain blood from the cardiac muscle and run parallel
to the coronary arteries

A

Cardiac Veins

77
Q

part of the heart responsible for
pumping blood since it is made up mostly the thickness and mass of the heart wall

A

Myocardium

77
Q

thick, middle layer composed of
cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

78
Q

surface of heart (outside), helps to lubricate the outside of the heart

A

Epicardium

79
Q

covers heart
valves &
vessels

A

Endocardium

80
Q

responsible for keeping
blood from sticking to the inside if the heart and forming potentially deadly blood clots

A

Endocardium

81
Q

1 centrally located nucleus

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

82
Q

Changes in membrane channels’ permeability are
responsible for producing action potentials and is
called

A

pacemaker potential

83
Q
  • Na+ channels open
  • Ca2+ channels open
A

Depolarization phase

84
Q
  • Na+ channels close
  • Some K+ channels open
  • Ca2+ channels remain open
A

Plateau phase

85
Q
  • K+ channels are open
  • Ca2+ channels close
A

Repolarization phase

86
Q

Specialized cardiac
muscle cells in the heart wall make up the
conduction system, which coordinates the
contraction of the atria and ventricles

A

Contraction Coordination

87
Q

The slow rate of action potential
conduction allows the atria to complete their
contraction before action potentials are delivered
to the ventricles

A

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

87
Q

Every cell in the
conduction system is capable of generating
spontaneous action potentials

A

Spontaneous Action Potentials

88
Q

where action potential originates

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

89
Q

Rapidly transmit action potentials to all ventricular
musc

A

Purkinje Fibers

89
Q

action potentials from AV node travel to AV bundle

A

Atrioventricular bundle

90
Q

Records heart’s electrical activity

A

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (EKG)

91
Q

depolarization of atria

A

P wave

92
Q

repolarization of ventricles

A

T wave

93
Q

○ depolarization of ventricles
○ contains Q, R, S waves

A

QRS complex

94
Q

Summarizes all events in a single heartbeat

A

Cardiac Cycle

95
Q

Create pressure changes in heart chambers

A

Cardiac Muscle Contractions

96
Q

Drive blood movement

A

Pressure Changes

97
Q

Moves from areas of high
to low pressure

A

Blood Flow Direction

98
Q

contraction of atria

A

ATRIAL SYSTOLE

99
Q

contraction of ventricles

A

VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE

100
Q

relaxation of atria

A

ATRIAL DIASTOLE

100
Q

Occurs when
atrioventricular valves close

A

First Heart Sound (“lubb”)

100
Q

Arises from the
closure of semilunar valves

A

Second Heart Sound (“dupp”)

101
Q

relaxation of ventricles

A

VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE

102
Q

The blood volume returning to the heart.

A

VENOUS RETURN

102
Q

the degree in which ventricular walls are
stretched at end of diastole

A

PRELOAD

103
Q

pressure against which ventricles must pump
blood

A

STARLING’S LAW OF THE HEART

103
Q

Describes the relationship between preload and
stroke volume, impacting cardiac output

A

STARLING’S LAW OF THE HEART

104
Q

Monitor blood pressure in the aorta and
carotid arteries

A

Baroreceptors

105
Q

Involves chemical regulation of heart function

A

CHEMORECEPTOR REFLEX

ANP 101 (25 decks)

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