Chap 4: Tissues Flashcards
a group of similar cells
Tissues
is the microscopic study of tissue structure
Histology
provides a covering (skin,
the linings of the various passages inside the
body)
Epithelial Tissue
supports other tissues
and binds them together (bone, blood, and
lymph tissues)
Connective Tissue
includes striated (also called voluntary) muscles that move the skeleton, and smooth muscle, such as the muscles that surround the stomach
Muscle Tissue
is made up of nerve cells
(neurons) and is used to carry “messages” to
and from various parts of the body
Nervous Tissue
areas where the membranes of
two adjacent cells join together to form a
barrier; it regulates the flow of solutes and
liquids according to their charge and size
Tight Junction
Covers internal and external surfaces
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
binds cells to the
basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
mechanically binds the cells
together; contain protein filaments that serve as
carrier molecules
Desmosomes
allow for the transfer of low
molecular-weight substances, ions, and
electrical signals between adjacent cells
Gap Junction
● 2 or more layers usually
Stratified
help the tight junctions anchor
the epithelial cells to each other
Adhesion belts
Main characteristic is
the square cuboidal
shape
Cuboidal
● 1 Layer
● Separate lines
Simple
Flat or squashed
appearance of nuclei
Squamous
Rectangular cell
appearance
Columnar
Rounded ends of cell
layering similar to
stratified
Transitional
Single layer of flat hexagonal cell.
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
Single layer of tall, thin cells
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Single layer of cube-like cells
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
Single layer of tall cells - while some cells reach the
free surface, other do not, making it appear
stratified
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the basal
layer and progressively flattened toward the surface
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
Special type of stratified epithelium that can stretch
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
Several layers of cuboidal epithelial cells
STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
More than one layer of epithelial cells, but only the
surface cells are columnar; deeper layer cells are
irregular or cuboidal in shape
STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
create the matrix
Blasts
A diverse primary tissue type that makes up part of
every organ in the body
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
break it down
Clasts
maintain the matrix
Cytes
WBCs capable of
ingesting foreign
substances
Macrophages
releases
chemicals like
histamine that
promotes
inflammation
Mast cells
Shapeless background which holds the cells and
protein fibers
GROUND SUBSTANCE
large molecules that consist of
a protein core attached to many long
polysaccharides
Proteoglycans
Consists of relatively
few protein fibers that
form a lacy network
Loose
Has a relatively large
number of protein
fibers that form thick
bundles and dill
nearly all of the
extracellular space
Dense Connective
Composed of
chondrocytes located
in spaces called
lacunae within an
extensive matrix
Cartilage
Hard Tissue
Cartilage
Liquid matrix
Blood
Matrix with mostly collagen and a few elastic fibers
AREOLAR (LOOSE) TISSUE
Consists of adipocytes, or fat cells, which contain
large amounts of lipids for energy storage
ADIPOSE (LOOSE) TISSUE
Network of interlacing reticular fibers and reticular
cells that are loosely arranged
RETICULAR (LOOSE) TISSUE
capable of stretching and recoiling like a rubber
band with strength in the direction of fiber
orientation
Dense Regular Elastic Connective Tissue
Matrix consisting mostly of collagen fibers which
may be arranged in the same direction (dense
regular) or in many different directions (dense
irregular
DENSE COLLAGENOUS TISSUE
fibers running the same direction; can
withstand great pulling forces exerted in the
direction of fiber orientation
Dense Regular Collagenous Connective Tissue
Most abundant type
HYALINE CARTILAGE
Has more collagen than hyaline cartilage
FIBROCARTILAGE
Has abundant elastic fibers among its collagen
fibers
DENSE ELASTIC TISSUE
Contains elastic fibers in addition to collagen and
proteoglycans
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
has spaces between
trabeculae, or plates of the bone and therefore
resembles a sponge
Spongy bone
Hard tissue with living cells and mineralized matrix
BONE
more solid, with almost no
space between many thin layers of mineralized
matrix
Compact bone
Liquid matrix, enabling blood cells and platelets,
collectively called formed elements to move through
blood vessels
BLOOD
Produces motion by shortening or contraction
MUSCLE TISSUE
Voluntary muscle and enables body movement.
SKELETAL MUSCLE
contain specialized gap
junctions; are important in coordinating the
transitions of the cardiac muscle cells
Intercalated disks
Forms the walls of hollow organs
SMOOTH MUSCLE
Specialized tissue for the heart
CARDIAC MUSCLE
Forms the brain, spinal brain, and nerves
NERVOUS TISSUE
sends electrical signals; the
functional unit of the nervous system
Neurons
contains the nucleus and is the site of general cell function
Cell Body
usually receive stimuli that lead to electrical changes
Dendrite
supports and protects the neurons
because they are not regenerative
Neuroglia
PARTS OF THE NEURON
- Cell body
- Dendrites
- Axon
- Glial cells
Conduct electrical signals that originate
from the base of an axon where it joins the cell
body and travel to the end of the axon
Axons
support cells of the nervous
system; nourish, protect, and insulate the
neurons
Glial Cells
Lines cavities that do not open directly to the exterior and covers organs that lie within these cavities.
SEROUS MEMBRANE
Thin sheets or layers of tissues that cover structure
or line cavities
TISSUE MEMBRANES
Lines cavities that open to the outside of the body.
MUCOUS MEMBRANE
found in between joints
to reduce friction and allowing smooth movement within the joint
Synovial Membrane
protects the blood vessels that
pass through the bones
Periosteum
