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ANP 101 > Chap 10: Endocrine System (Transes) > Flashcards

Chap 10: Endocrine System (Transes) Flashcards

1
Q

Composed of endocrine glands and specialized
endocrine cells throughout the body

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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2
Q

Dissolves in water

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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2
Q

They have a positive and negative end

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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2
Q

They dissolve in water because they have polar molecules

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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3
Q

Endocrine glands and cells secrete minute amounts of
chemical messengers called

A

hormones

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4
Q

Insulin, Adrenaline, Glucagon

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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5
Q

Cannot pass
through the cell
membrane

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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6
Q

They do not enter
cell instead they
bind to receptors
outside the cell
membrane

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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7
Q

Need for binding proteins: No

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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8
Q

Half life of WATER SOLUBLE

A

Shorter

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9
Q

More easily
degraded (by
enzymes or
pathogens)

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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10
Q

Dissolves in fats

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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11
Q

They dissolve in
lipids because
they have
nonpolar
molecules

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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12
Q

They do not have
a positive and
negative charge

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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13
Q

Can easily pass
through the cell
membrane

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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13
Q

Thyroid, cortisol,
estrogen,
testosterone

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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14
Q

Protected by
binding proteins
(from breaking
down)

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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15
Q

Half life of LIPID SOLUBLE

A

Longer (in the
bloodstream)

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16
Q

Need for binding proteins: Yes

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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17
Q

The release of hormone is tightly regulated by three
main types of stimuli:

A

o Humoral
o Neural
o Hormonal

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18
Q

Hormone release in
response to
changes in blood
vessels of ions or
nutrients

A

Humoral Stimuli

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19
Q

Hormone release
stimulated by nerve
impulses (from the
nervous system)

A

Neural stimuli

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19
Q

body fluids like the blood

A

Humoral

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20
Q

where hormones released by
the hypothalamus that stimulates
the Pituitary gland which
then stimulates thyroid gland,
gonads, etc.

A

Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis (HPA)

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21
Hormone release regulated by other hormones
Hormonal Stimuli
22
AKA PITUITARY GLAND
Hypophysis
23
Controlled by hypothalamus
PITUITARY GLAND
24
Master gland
PITUITARY GLAND
25
75% of the gland
Anterior pituitary
26
Adenohypophysis
ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
27
Pharyngeal Epithelium
ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
28
Releases or inhibits hormones
ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
29
Production of Milk
Prolactin
30
Increased prolactin in female
Amenorrhea
31
Increased prolactin in male
Erectile dysfunction
31
Growth of long bones and soft tissues
Growth Hormone
32
Increased GH at childhood
Gigantism
32
Increased GH at adult life
Acromegaly
33
Decreased GH at childhood
Dwarfism
33
Skin pigmentation (melanin)
Melanocyte stimulate hormone (MSH)
34
Regulates thyroid gland secretion for our metabolism
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
35
Follicle maturation In females: Estrogen In males: Sperm
Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH)
35
Reabsorption of water from kidneys
Antidiuretic
36
In females: ovulation In males: testosterone
Lutenizing hormone (LSH)
36
Stimulates the adrenal glands
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
36
Store and release hormone
POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
36
Contraction of uterine wall
Oxytocin
36
Butterfly-shaped
THYROID GLAND
36
Requires iodine to function
THYROID GLAND
36
Is the primary hormone of TG
Thyroxine (T4)
36
Is the converted, more active form of T4
Triiodothyronine (T3)
37
Decreases calcium in blood stream
Calcitonin
38
HYPOTHYROIDISM in adults
Myxedema
39
HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants
Cretinism
40
Four, small, pea-sized glands
PARATHYROID GLAND
41
Increases calcium in blood stream
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH
42
Superior to each kidney
ADRENAL GLAND
43
Plays a key role in “fight or flight” response to stress
Adrenal Medulla = Inner
44
Responsible for regulating metabolism, saltwater balance and sexual development
Adrenal Cortex = Outer
45
✓ Inc HR, BP, Energy supply ✓ React quickly
Adrenaline/Epinephrine
46
✓ Inc BP (by constricting blood vessels) ✓ Be alert
Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine
47
Zones of Adrenal Gland: Cortex
o Zone Glomerulosa o Zone Fasciculata o Zone Reticularis
47
It is divided into 3 zones, each with distinct functions and hormonal productions
ADRENAL GLAND: CORTEX
48
✓ Reabsorption of water ✓ Maintaining electrolytes ✓ Dec bp > Inc Na
Aldosterone
48
Aldosterone
ZONE GLOMERULOSA
49
Cortisol
ZONE FASCICULATA
50
Resistance to stress
Cortisol
51
Prepares the body for QUICK life-threatening situations
ADRENAL MEDULLA
51
Growth of hair (axillary, pubic, chest, linea alba)
Androgen
52
Androgen
ZONA RETICULARIS
53
Regulates longterm stress/processes (metabolism, immune functions, blood pressure)
ADRENAL CORTEX
54
Maintaining our body’s biological clock (sleep-wake cycle)
PINEAL GLAND
55
Body’s biological clock
MELATONIN
55
Specialized organ of the immune system
THYMUS GLAND
55
Promotes sleep
Dark > Inc
56
Reduces melatonin production which signals our body to WAKE UP
Light > Dec
57
Maturation of T cells (WBC)
Thymosis
58
Greater curvature of the stomach (behind; near small intestine)
PANCREAS
59
Both exocrine (Enzyme) and endocrine (Hormone) production
PANCREAS
60
Secretes digestive enzymes
EXOCRINE
61
are dispersed in the exocrine portion which is responsible for the production of hormones that regulate our blood sugar levels
Islets of Langerhans
62
Lowers the # of glucagon/blood sugar
INSULIN
62
too little insulin of faulty insulin receptors
DIABETES MELLITUS
63
What cells are Insulin from
Beta cells
64
Insulin independent, often found in obese people, can be treated with diet
Type II
65
Insulin dependent (daily injections required)
Type I
66
Raises blood sugar level
GLUCAGON
67
What cells are Glucagon from
Alpha cells
68
Both reproductive and endocrine glands
GONADS
69
Either side of uterus
OVARIES
69
In scrotum
TESTES
70
Female secondary sexual characteristics
ESTROGEN
71
Pregnancy (prepares it)
PROGESTERONE
72
Menstrual cycle (regulate)
PROGESTERONE
73
Male secondary sexual characteristics
TESTOSTERONE

ANP 101 (25 decks)

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