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ANP 101 > Chap 10: Endocrine System (Transes) > Flashcards

Chap 10: Endocrine System (Transes) Flashcards

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1
Q

Composed of endocrine glands and specialized
endocrine cells throughout the body

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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2
Q

Dissolves in water

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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2
Q

They have a positive and negative end

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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2
Q

They dissolve in water because they have polar molecules

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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3
Q

Endocrine glands and cells secrete minute amounts of
chemical messengers called

A

hormones

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4
Q

Insulin, Adrenaline, Glucagon

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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5
Q

Cannot pass
through the cell
membrane

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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6
Q

They do not enter
cell instead they
bind to receptors
outside the cell
membrane

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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7
Q

Need for binding proteins: No

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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8
Q

Half life of WATER SOLUBLE

A

Shorter

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9
Q

More easily
degraded (by
enzymes or
pathogens)

A

WATER SOLUBLE

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10
Q

Dissolves in fats

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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11
Q

They dissolve in
lipids because
they have
nonpolar
molecules

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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12
Q

They do not have
a positive and
negative charge

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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13
Q

Can easily pass
through the cell
membrane

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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13
Q

Thyroid, cortisol,
estrogen,
testosterone

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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14
Q

Protected by
binding proteins
(from breaking
down)

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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15
Q

Half life of LIPID SOLUBLE

A

Longer (in the
bloodstream)

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16
Q

Need for binding proteins: Yes

A

LIPID SOLUBLE

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17
Q

The release of hormone is tightly regulated by three
main types of stimuli:

A

o Humoral
o Neural
o Hormonal

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18
Q

Hormone release in
response to
changes in blood
vessels of ions or
nutrients

A

Humoral Stimuli

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19
Q

Hormone release
stimulated by nerve
impulses (from the
nervous system)

A

Neural stimuli

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19
Q

body fluids like the blood

A

Humoral

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20
Q

where hormones released by
the hypothalamus that stimulates
the Pituitary gland which
then stimulates thyroid gland,
gonads, etc.

A

Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis (HPA)

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21
Q

Hormone release
regulated by other
hormones

A

Hormonal Stimuli

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22
Q

AKA PITUITARY GLAND

A

Hypophysis

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23
Q

Controlled by hypothalamus

A

PITUITARY GLAND

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24
Q

Master gland

A

PITUITARY GLAND

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25
Q

75% of the gland

A

Anterior pituitary

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26
Q

Adenohypophysis

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

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27
Q

Pharyngeal
Epithelium

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

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28
Q

Releases or inhibits hormones

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

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29
Q

Production of Milk

A

Prolactin

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30
Q

Increased
prolactin in
female

A

Amenorrhea

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31
Q

Increased
prolactin in
male

A

Erectile
dysfunction

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31
Q

Growth of
long bones
and soft
tissues

A

Growth Hormone

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32
Q

Increased GH
at childhood

A

Gigantism

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32
Q

Increased GH
at adult life

A

Acromegaly

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33
Q

Decreased
GH at
childhood

A

Dwarfism

33
Q

Skin
pigmentation
(melanin)

A

Melanocyte
stimulate hormone
(MSH)

34
Q

Regulates
thyroid gland
secretion for
our
metabolism

A

Thyroid stimulating
hormone (TSH)

35
Q

Follicle maturation
In females: Estrogen
In males: Sperm

A

Follicle Stimulating
hormone (FSH)

35
Q

Reabsorption of
water from
kidneys

A

Antidiuretic

36
Q

In females: ovulation
In males: testosterone

A

Lutenizing hormone (LSH)

36
Q

Stimulates the
adrenal
glands

A

Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)

36
Q

Store and release hormone

A

POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

36
Q

Contraction of
uterine wall

A

Oxytocin

36
Q

Butterfly-shaped

A

THYROID GLAND

36
Q

Requires iodine to function

A

THYROID GLAND

36
Q

Is the primary hormone of TG

A

Thyroxine (T4)

36
Q

Is the converted, more
active form of T4

A

Triiodothyronine
(T3)

37
Q

Decreases calcium in blood
stream

A

Calcitonin

38
Q

HYPOTHYROIDISM in adults

A

Myxedema

39
Q

HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants

A

Cretinism

40
Q

Four, small, pea-sized glands

A

PARATHYROID GLAND

41
Q

Increases calcium in blood
stream

A

Parathyroid
Hormone (PTH

42
Q

Superior to each kidney

A

ADRENAL GLAND

43
Q

Plays a key role in “fight or flight”
response to stress

A

Adrenal Medulla = Inner

44
Q

Responsible for regulating metabolism,
saltwater balance and sexual development

A

Adrenal Cortex = Outer

45
Q

✓ Inc HR, BP, Energy supply
✓ React quickly

A

Adrenaline/Epinephrine

46
Q

✓ Inc BP (by constricting blood
vessels)
✓ Be alert

A

Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine

47
Q

Zones of Adrenal Gland: Cortex

A

o Zone Glomerulosa
o Zone Fasciculata
o Zone Reticularis

47
Q

It is divided into 3 zones, each with distinct functions
and hormonal productions

A

ADRENAL GLAND: CORTEX

48
Q

✓ Reabsorption of
water
✓ Maintaining
electrolytes
✓ Dec bp > Inc Na

A

Aldosterone

48
Q

Aldosterone

A

ZONE GLOMERULOSA

49
Q

Cortisol

A

ZONE FASCICULATA

50
Q

Resistance to stress

A

Cortisol

51
Q

Prepares the
body for QUICK
life-threatening
situations

A

ADRENAL
MEDULLA

51
Q

Growth of hair
(axillary, pubic,
chest, linea alba)

A

Androgen

52
Q

Androgen

A

ZONA RETICULARIS

53
Q

Regulates longterm
stress/processes
(metabolism,
immune functions,
blood pressure)

A

ADRENAL
CORTEX

54
Q

Maintaining our body’s biological clock (sleep-wake cycle)

A

PINEAL GLAND

55
Q

Body’s biological clock

A

MELATONIN

55
Q

Specialized organ of the immune system

A

THYMUS GLAND

55
Q

Promotes sleep

A

Dark > Inc

56
Q

Reduces melatonin production
which signals our body to WAKE
UP

A

Light > Dec

57
Q

Maturation of T cells (WBC)

A

Thymosis

58
Q

Greater curvature of the stomach (behind; near
small intestine)

A

PANCREAS

59
Q

Both exocrine (Enzyme) and endocrine (Hormone)
production

A

PANCREAS

60
Q

Secretes digestive
enzymes

A

EXOCRINE

61
Q

are dispersed in the exocrine portion which is responsible for the production of hormones that regulate our blood sugar levels

A

Islets of Langerhans

62
Q

Lowers the # of glucagon/blood sugar

A

INSULIN

62
Q

too little insulin of faulty insulin receptors

A

DIABETES MELLITUS

63
Q

What cells are Insulin from

A

Beta cells

64
Q

Insulin independent, often found in obese people, can be treated with diet

A

Type II

65
Q

Insulin dependent (daily injections required)

A

Type I

66
Q

Raises blood sugar level

A

GLUCAGON

67
Q

What cells are Glucagon from

A

Alpha cells

68
Q

Both reproductive and endocrine glands

A

GONADS

69
Q

Either side of uterus

A

OVARIES

69
Q

In scrotum

A

TESTES

70
Q

Female secondary sexual
characteristics

A

ESTROGEN

71
Q

Pregnancy
(prepares it)

A

PROGESTERONE

72
Q

Menstrual cycle
(regulate)

A

PROGESTERONE

73
Q

Male secondary
sexual characteristics

A

TESTOSTERONE

ANP 101 (24 decks)

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