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ANP 101 > Chap 1: Human Organism > Flashcards

Chap 1: Human Organism Flashcards

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1
Q

Investigates the structure of the body

A

ANATOMY

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2
Q

Study of internal and external structures and the physical relationships between body parts.

A

ANATOMY

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3
Q

Dissect, or cut apart and separate, the parts of the body

A

ANATOMY

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4
Q

It is the scientific discipline that deals with the body
functions and life processes.

A

PHYSIOLOGY

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5
Q

It is all about how the body and its parts work.

A

PHYSIOLOGY

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6
Q

Study of how each part relates to each other with
regards to function.

A

PHYSIOLOGY

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7
Q

Study of the body by systems (cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems)

A

SYSTEMIC ANATOMY

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8
Q

Each region as the head, abdomen, or arm, all systems are studied simultaneously

A

REGIONAL ANATOMY

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8
Q

6 Levels of Organization

A
  1. Chemical Level
  2. Cellular Level
  3. Tissue Level
  4. Organ Level
  5. Organ-System
  6. Organism
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9
Q

a. Smallest level
b. Atoms, chemical bonds, molecules

A

CHEMICAL LEVEL

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10
Q

Different tissues combine to form organs, such as the urinary bladder

A

ORGAN LEVEL

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10
Q

a. Cells: basic units of life
b. Compartments and organelles

A

CELLULAR LEVEL

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11
Q

Similar cells and surrounding materials make up tissues

A

TISSUE LEVEL

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11
Q

are only 4 broad types of tissues

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
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12
Q

Organs, such as the urinary bladder and kidneys, make up an organ system

A

ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL

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13
Q

Organ systems make up organisms that work harmoniously

A

ORGANISM LEVEL

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14
Q

Provides protection, regulates
temperature, prevents water
loss, and helps produce vitamin
D.

A

Integumentary
System

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15
Q

Provides protection and support,
allows body movement,
produces blood cells, and stores
minerals and adipose tissue.

A

Skeletal System

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16
Q

Produces body movements,
maintains posture and produces
body heat.

A

Muscular System

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17
Q

Detects sensations and controls
movements, physiological
processes, and intellectual
functions.

A

Nervous System

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18
Q

Influences metabolism, growth,
reproduction, and many other
functions.

A

Endocrine System

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19
Q

Removes foreign substances
from the blood and lymph,
combats disease, maintains
tissue fluid balance, and
absorbs dietary fats from the
digestive fats.

A

Lymphatic System

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19
Q

Transports nutrients, waste
products, gases and hormones
throughout the body. Plays a
role in the immune response and
the regulation of body heat.

A

Cardiovascular System

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20
Q

Produces and transfers sperm
cells to the female and produces
hormones to influence sexual
functions and behaviors.

A

Male Reproductive System

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20
Q

Exchanges oxygen and carbon
dioxide between blood and air
and regulates blood pH.

A

Respiratory System

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21
Q

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion,
absorption of nutrients, and
elimination of wastes.

A

Digestive System

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22
Q

Removes waste products from
the blood and regulates blood
pH, ion balance, and water
balance.

A

Urinary System

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23
Q

Site of fertilization and fetal
development, produces milk for
the newborn, produces
hormones that influence sexual
function and
behaviors.

A

Female Reproductive System

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24
Q

There are 6 characteristics of life

A
  1. Organization
  2. Metabolism
  3. Responsiveness
  4. Growth
  5. Development
  6. Reproduction
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25
Q

Sum of all chemical and physical changes sustaining an organism

A

METABOLISM

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26
Q

Functional interrelationships between parts

A

ORGANIZATION

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27
Q

All of us are organized from the very first level until organism

A

ORGANIZATION

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28
Q

metabolism: destruction and break down

A

Catabolism

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29
Q

metabolism: constructive process

A

Anabolism

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30
Q

Ability to sense and respond to environmental changes

A

RESPONSIVENESS

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31
Q

Can increase in size (physical)

A

GROWTH

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32
Q

Size of cells, groups of cells, extracellular materials

A

GROWTH

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33
Q

Changes in form and size

A

DEVELOPMENT

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34
Q

Changes in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized

A

Differentiation

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35
Q

Formation of new cells or new organisms

A

Reproduction

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36
Q

Normal, or average value or variable

A

SET POINT

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36
Q

Maintenance of a constant internal environment despite fluctuations in the external and internal environment.

A

HOMEOSTASIS

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37
Q

Measures of body properties that may change in value

A

VARIABLES

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38
Q

Normal extent of increase or decrease around a set point

A

NORMAL RANGE

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39
Q

Cycle of events in which a condition in the body is
continually monitored, evaluated, changed,
unmonitored, and reevaluated.

A

FEEDBACK SYSTEMS

40
Q

2 Classifications of Feedback Systems

A
  1. Negative Feedback System
  2. Positive Feedback System
41
Q

detects changes in variables

A

Receptor

42
Q

receives receptor signal;
establishes set point; sends signal to effector

A

Control Center

43
Q

directly causes change in variable

A

Effector

44
Q

Reverses a change in a controlled condition

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM

45
Q

The main mechanism used in homeostatic
regulation

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM

46
Q

of deviation away from set point

A

Detection

47
Q

reversal of deviation toward set
point and normal range

A

Correction

48
Q

Strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the
body’s controlled conditions.

A

POSITIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM

49
Q

Occur when the initial stimulus further stimulates the
response.

A

POSITIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM

50
Q

when
lying face upward

A

Supine Position

50
Q

is used to describe the
body in the anatomical position

A

LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY

51
Q

refers to a person
standing upright with the
face directed forward, the
upper limbs hanging to
the sides, and the palms
of the hand facing
forward

A

Anatomical Position

52
Q

when lying face downward

A

Prone Position

53
Q

Toward the body’s right side

A

Right

54
Q

Toward the body’s left side

A

Left

54
Q

Below

A

Inferior

55
Q

Above

A

Superior

56
Q

Toward the front of the body

A

Anterior (Ventral)

57
Q

Toward the back of the body

A

Posterior (Dorsal)

58
Q

Closer to a point of attachment

A

Proximal

59
Q

Farther to a point of attachment

A

Distal

60
Q

Toward the midline of the body

A

Medial

61
Q

Away from the midline of the
body

A

Lateral

62
Q

Between two structures

A

Intermediate

63
Q

On the same side of the body as
another structure

A

Ipsilateral

64
Q

On the opposite side of the body
from another structure

A

Contralateral

65
Q

Toward or on the surface

A

Superficial

66
Q

Away or on the surface, internal

A

Deep

67
Q

Central Region

A

Head, Neck, and Trunk

68
Q

Trunk can be divided into three regions

A

Thorax, abdomen, and pelvis

68
Q

QUADRANTS OF THE ABDOMEN

A

o Right Upper Quadrant
o Left Upper Quadrant
o Right Lower Quadrant
o Left Lower Quadrant

68
Q

Upper Limb

A

Arm, Forearm, Wrist and Hand

69
Q

Lower Limb

A

Thigh, Leg, Ankle, and Foot

69
Q

Runs vertically from right to
left and divides the body into
anterior and posterior parts

A

Frontal/Coronal
Plane

70
Q

literally means
“the flight of an arrow” and
refers to the way the body
would be split by an arrow
passing anteriorly to
posteriorly

A

Sagittal Plane

70
Q

Runs vertically through the
body and separates it
into right and left halves.

A

Sagittal Plane

71
Q

Runs parallel to the the
ground, dividing the body into
superior and inferior parts

A

Transverse Plane

71
Q

cut along the length of the
organ, similar to the cut
along a hot dog bun

A

Longitudinal Section

72
Q

Is a sagittal plane that passes
through the midline of the
body, dividing it into equal
right and left halves

A

Median Plane

73
Q

The cut is made diagonally
across the long axis

A

Oblique Section

73
Q

cuts completely through
an organ, similar to cutting
a banana into round
pieces

A

Transverse/Cross Section

74
Q

Is any compartment or space that provides
protection to the organs within it

A

BODY CAVITIES

75
Q

The body contains two main types of body cavity

A
  1. Dorsal Body Cavity
  2. Ventral Body Cavity
76
Q

Body cavities on the posterior part of the body

A

DORSAL BODY CAVITY

77
Q

Encloses organs of the nervous system

A

DORSAL BODY CAVITY

78
Q

space inside the bony skull; houses the brain

A

Cranial Cavity

79
Q

extends from the cranial
cavity to the end of the spinal cord;
protects the spinal cord

A

Spinal Cavity

80
Q

Houses majority of the internal organs (viscera).

A

VENTRAL BODY CAVITY

81
Q

Cavities located anteriorly

A

VENTRAL BODY CAVITY

82
Q

Ventral Body Cavity two subdivisions

A

o Thoracic Cavity
o Abdominopelvic Cavity

83
Q

Houses the heart and lungs, among other organs

A

THORACIC BODY CAVITY

84
Q

encloses a lung
and are surrounded by the ribs

A

2 Lateral Pleural Cavities

85
Q

separates the lungs into right
and left cavities in the thoracic cavity; houses the heart, major blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, and thymus

A

Mediastinum

86
Q

Enclosed by abdominal muscles

A

ABDOMINOPELVIC BODY CAVITY

87
Q

Consists of the superior abdominal cavity and the inferior pelvic cavity

A

ABDOMINOPELVIC BODY CAVITY

88
Q

digestive organs (stomach, liver,
intestines, and spleen)

A

Abdominal

89
Q

continues below the pelvis (bladder, urethra, rectum and reproductive organs)

A

Pelvic

90
Q

cover organs

A

Visceral Serous Membrane

91
Q

is the outer membrane

A

Parietal Serous Membrane

92
Q

a fluid-filled space between the
molecules

A

Cavity

93
Q

lines the walls of the cavities

A

Parietal

94
Q

layer covering internal organs

A

Visceral

95
Q

Contains the heart, is housed in the mediastinum

A

PERICARDIAL CAVITY

96
Q

houses the lungs

A

PLEURAL CAVITY

97
Q

houses many internal organs (liver, digestive organs and reproductive organs)

A

PERITONEAL CAVITY

ANP 101 (25 decks)

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