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World History - 10th > Ch26 - Terms > Flashcards

Ch26 - Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Cold War?

A

A war fought not with military weapons but with words, diplomacy, and ideology.

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2
Q

Between what to rules of through was the “Cold War” fought?

A

The Communist bloc and the free world

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3
Q

What were the “People’s Republics”?

A

Soviet-dominated puppet governments which were established by the Communists.

Poland
Hungary
Romania
Bulgarian
Czechoslovakia
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4
Q

What was the “Iron Curtain”?

A

The term coined by Winston Churchill for the tyranny and oppression of the Soviet Union over Eastern Europe.

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5
Q

What U.S. program extended credits amounting to $20 billion in the name of providing a bulwark against further Communist expansion in Europe?

A

Marshall Plan

Also known as the European Recovery Plan

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6
Q

What was the American effort that rescued West Berlin from the Soviet blockade by flying in food, medicine, fuel, and other necessities from 1948 to 1949?

A

Berlin Airlift

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7
Q

What does NATO stand for?

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

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8
Q

What did NATO do?

A

Provided for mutual consultation and defense among Western nations whenever “the territorial integrity, political independence, or security of any parties is threatened”.

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9
Q

What was the “Warsaw Pact”?

A

The Soviet equivalent of NATO.

Came to the defense of Soviet nations whenever territory, political independence, or security is threatened.

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10
Q

What is the EEC?

A

European Economic Community

It formed the European Common Market.

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11
Q

What organization of former British possessions was established prior to World War II.

A

British Commonwealth of Nations

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12
Q

What Communist terrorist organization kidnapped and murdered Italian premier Aldo Moro in 1978?

A

Red Brigades

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13
Q

What plan was initiated by Mao Tse-tung in 1953 and increased China’s industrial output at a rapid rate with a devastating cost in human lives?

A

Five-Year Plan

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14
Q

What plan was initiated by Mao Tse-tung in 1958 and attempted to raise China’s level of industrial development but led to economic disaster?

A

Great Leap Forward

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15
Q

What was Mao Tse-tung’s attempt to purge China of all “counter-revolutionaries” and foreign influences?

A

Cultural Revolution

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16
Q

What was the name for Communist-encouraged gangs composed of students and young people who filled China’s streets with noisy demonstrations, marches, and protests; also attached Chinese intellectuals and professionals?

A

Red Guards

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17
Q

What is a policy of refusing to use all available military strength to win a complete victory?

A

limited warfare

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18
Q

What revolutionary movement led by Fidel Castro toppled the Cuban government in 1959?

A

26th of July Movement

19
Q

What conflict between the Soviet Union and the US concern the construction of missile bases on Cuba?

A

Cuban Missile Crisis

20
Q

What is the name for Communist revolutionaries in Nicaragua who, with Cuban aid, ousted President Anastasio Somoza in 1979?

A

Sandinistas

21
Q

In what conflict did Egyptian/Syrian forces attack Israel on the Jewish highest holy day?

A

Yom Kippur War (1973-1974)

Although Israeli forces finally repulsed their enemies, Israeli losses were much greater than in previous Arab-Israeli conflicts.

22
Q

What organization is made up of oil-rich Arab countries?

A

OPEC

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

23
Q

What is the peaceful settlement between Israeli Prime Minister Begin and Egyptian President Sadat in which Israel agreed to withdraw completely from the Sinai Peninsula from 1979 to 1982?

A

Camp David Accords

24
Q

What is the PLO?

A

Palestinian Liberation Organization

An Arab terrorist organization.

25
Q

What is apartheid?

A

a policy of racial segregation formerly practiced in South Africa

26
Q

What is ANC?

A

African National Congress

a Communist organization active in South Africa

27
Q

What are Ho Chi Minh’s Communist forces called?

A

Vietminh

28
Q

What is the name of the Communist guerrillas that began a campaign of terrorism and subversion in the villages of South Vietnam?

A

Viet Cong

29
Q

What is the name of the North Vietnamese invasion route and supply trail?

A

Ho Chi Minh Trail

30
Q

What resolution was passed by Congress in August 1964 and provided legal justification for US military involvement in Vietnam?

A

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

31
Q

What was the large-scale Communist attack against 30 South Vietnamese cities and several US military installations?

A

Tet Offensive

32
Q

What was the policy of gradually withdrawing US troops and replacing them with South Vietnamese forces?

A

Vietnamization

33
Q

What nuclear weapon is more powerful than the atomic bomb?

A

Hydrogen bomb

34
Q

What French word conveys the idea of reducing tension or hostility between nations?

A

detente

35
Q

In what treaties, with similar names, did the US and the Soviet Union agree to limit the production of nuclear arms and reduce nuclear weapons stockpiles?

A

SALT I

SALT II

36
Q

What was the world’s first man-made satellite?

A

Sputnik I

37
Q

What was President Reagan’s offensive policy of preemptive strikes to stop Communism before it could attach and enslave a country?

A

Reagan Doctrine

38
Q

What is the name of freedom fighters who fought against the Communist Sandinistas in Nicaragua with US aid under President Reagan?

A

Contras

39
Q

What is a system of space-age weaponry designed to destroy enemy ICBMs in flight?

A

Strategic Defense Initiative

40
Q

In what movement did Polish nationalists stand up to the Soviets by refusing to work until their demands for more freedom were met?

A

Solidarity

41
Q

What was the INF Treaty?

A

Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty

It was intended to limit nuclear arms in the Soviet Union and the United States.

42
Q

What word means “restructuring” and referred to the rebuilding of Russia’s economic and political system based on a democratic, free enterprise model?

A

Perestroika

43
Q

What word means “openness” and referred to Communist foreign policy, claiming that they wanted world peace and had no more plans of conquest?

A

Glasnost

World History - 10th (45 decks)

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