Ch21 - Terms Flashcards
What is… the desire to break loose from established governments and rule themselves based on what they saw as “natural” boundaries of national origin called?
revolutionary nationalism
What is… political disorder and violence; lack of any government?
anarchy
What is… the false idea that God is not separate from nature but that nature is God?
pantheism
What is… the philosophy which bases thought and action on the way one wishes things were rather than on reality?
idealism
What is… the idea that truth is relative and dependent on man’s reasoning?
relativism
What is… the idea that one fact or idea (thesis) works against a contradictory fact (antithesis) to create a new fact (synthesis)?
dialectic thinking
What is … questioning the inspiration, authority, texts, and meaning of the Bible in the guise of scholarship called?
higher criticism
What were religious liberals called?
modernists
What meeting among the leaders of Europe tried to restore order and stability?
Congress of Vienna
What was the German Confederation?
38 states which at one time comprised the Holy Roman Empire
What was the Quadruple Alliance?
The alliance what came out of the Congress of Vienna. Composed of Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain.
What was the Quintuple Alliance?
The alliance created when France joined the Quadruple Alliance (Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain).
What did the Holy Alliance do?
The Holy Alliance promoted policies on “holy religion, namely the precepts of justice, Christian charity, and peace.”
What was the Congress System?
The plan of the Quintuple Alliance to meet periodically and to work together to put down any rumblings of revolution.
Who were the Creoles?
Spaniards born in the colonies.
Who were the mestizos?
Latin Americans of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
A statement issued by President Monroe warning the European powers that intervention in Latin America would be looked upon by the United States as an unfriendly act.
Which treaty was Turkey forced to accept (by England, France, and Russia) in 1829?
Treaty of Adrianople
What forced Charles X of France to flee to England?
the July Revolution
What secret society was aimed at insurrection in Italy and ultimately unification through violence.
Young Italy
What paramilitary group of revolutionaries was located in Italy?
Red Shirts
What war led to the complete unification of Germany in 1871?
Franco-Prussian War
What is the Reichstag?
the lower chamber in the German parliament
What is the Dual Monarchy?
another name for the Austro-Hungarian Empire
What was the “Paris Commune”?
A Marxist Commune which proposed to forcibly establish a more “democratic” system of government in the style of the first French Revolution.
What was the Dual Alliance?
an alliance between France and Russia
What was the Entente Cordiale?
An alliance which reconciled the differences between France and Great Britain.
What was the Triple Entente?
It sealed the alliance among Britain, France, and Russia.
What is democratic socialism?
“proletariat socialism” - a philosophy in which workers (proletarians) would publicly own and control productive industry
