Ch21 - Terms

Question 1

What is… the desire to break loose from established governments and rule themselves based on what they saw as “natural” boundaries of national origin called?

Answer 1

revolutionary nationalism

Question 2

What is… political disorder and violence; lack of any government?

Answer 2

anarchy

Question 3

What is… the false idea that God is not separate from nature but that nature is God?

Answer 3

pantheism

Question 4

What is… the philosophy which bases thought and action on the way one wishes things were rather than on reality?

Answer 4

idealism

Question 5

What is… the idea that truth is relative and dependent on man’s reasoning?

Answer 5

relativism

Question 6

What is… the idea that one fact or idea (thesis) works against a contradictory fact (antithesis) to create a new fact (synthesis)?

Answer 6

dialectic thinking

Question 7

What is … questioning the inspiration, authority, texts, and meaning of the Bible in the guise of scholarship called?

Answer 7

higher criticism

Question 8

What were religious liberals called?

Answer 8

modernists

Question 9

What meeting among the leaders of Europe tried to restore order and stability?

Answer 9

Congress of Vienna

Question 10

What was the German Confederation?

Answer 10

38 states which at one time comprised the Holy Roman Empire

Question 11

What was the Quadruple Alliance?

Answer 11

The alliance what came out of the Congress of Vienna. Composed of Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain.

Question 12

What was the Quintuple Alliance?

Answer 12

The alliance created when France joined the Quadruple Alliance (Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain).

Question 13

What did the Holy Alliance do?

Answer 13

The Holy Alliance promoted policies on “holy religion, namely the precepts of justice, Christian charity, and peace.”

Question 14

What was the Congress System?

Answer 14

The plan of the Quintuple Alliance to meet periodically and to work together to put down any rumblings of revolution.

Question 15

Who were the Creoles?

Answer 15

Spaniards born in the colonies.

Question 16

Who were the mestizos?

Answer 16

Latin Americans of mixed Spanish and Indian ancestry.

Question 17

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

Answer 17

A statement issued by President Monroe warning the European powers that intervention in Latin America would be looked upon by the United States as an unfriendly act.

Question 18

Which treaty was Turkey forced to accept (by England, France, and Russia) in 1829?

Answer 18

Treaty of Adrianople

Question 19

What forced Charles X of France to flee to England?

Answer 19

the July Revolution

Question 20

What secret society was aimed at insurrection in Italy and ultimately unification through violence.

Answer 20

Young Italy

Question 21

What paramilitary group of revolutionaries was located in Italy?

Answer 21

Red Shirts

Question 22

What war led to the complete unification of Germany in 1871?

Answer 22

Franco-Prussian War

Question 23

What is the Reichstag?

Answer 23

the lower chamber in the German parliament

Question 24

What is the Dual Monarchy?

Answer 24

another name for the Austro-Hungarian Empire

Question 25

What was the “Paris Commune”?

Answer 25

A Marxist Commune which proposed to forcibly establish a more “democratic” system of government in the style of the first French Revolution.

Question 26

What was the Dual Alliance?

Answer 26

an alliance between France and Russia

Question 27

What was the Entente Cordiale?

Answer 27

An alliance which reconciled the differences between France and Great Britain.

Question 28

What was the Triple Entente?

Answer 28

It sealed the alliance among Britain, France, and Russia.

Question 29

What is democratic socialism?

Answer 29

“proletariat socialism” - a philosophy in which workers (proletarians) would publicly own and control productive industry