Ch23 - Terms

Question 1

What is a form of socialism which advocates the violent overthrow of existing governments with the goal of changing society and ultimately perfecting mankind?

Answer 1

Communism

Question 2

What is another name for Communism?

Answer 2

Marxism-Leninism

Question 3

What is a false philosophy that nothing but the material world exists and that material conditions alone determine how a person thinks, acts, feels, and believes?

Answer 3

dialectical materialism

Question 4

What is the Marxist term for the middle class?

Answer 4

bourgeoisie

Question 5

What is the Marxist term for the working class?

Answer 5

proletariat

Question 6

What is the International Workingman’s Association that was used by Marx to attempt to infiltrate the trade unions throughout Europe’s industrialized nations?

Answer 6

First International

Question 7

What is the ruler of Russia called?

Answer 7

czar

Question 8

What are periodic, organized massacres to which the Jews in Russia were subjected?

Answer 8

pogroms

Question 9

What was an elected legislative body in the Russian government with limited powers?

Answer 9

Duma

Question 10

In what brief conflict over control of Manchuria did the Russians experience an unexpected and humiliating defeat by Japan?

Answer 10

Russo-Japanese War

Question 11

What was the name of councils of workers, soldiers, and peasants called?

Answer 11

Soviets

Question 12

`What was the Bolshevik military force called?

Answer 12

Red Guards

Question 13

What was the name given to the overthrow of the Provisional Government in Russia by Lenin and his followers - creating the first Communist state in history?

Answer 13

Bolshevik Revolution

Question 14

What was Lenin’s secret police organization?

Answer 14

Cheka

Question 15

Who were the “White Russians”?

Answer 15

Russians who opposed the Communists.

Question 16

Who were the “Red Russians”?

Answer 16

Russians who supported the Communists.

Question 17

What type of government was set up by the Duma to restore law and order and resembled a Western representative democracy?

Answer 17

Provisional Government

Question 18

What were the Mensheviks?

Answer 18

Russian Communists who wanted a broad party membership that included socialists and liberal democrats and advocated more peaceful methods for social change.

Question 19

What were the Bolsheviks?

Answer 19

Russian Communists who followed Lenin’s theory of a party restricted to professional revolutionaries.

Question 20

What was the Red Army?

Answer 20

The Bolshevik army formed by Leon Trotsky to combat the White Russian army.

Question 21

What was the ruling elite of the Communist Party called?

Answer 21

Central Committee

Question 22

What terrorist organization was set up by Lenin and was dedicated to inciting a Communist revolution and establishing a worldwide Communist state?

Answer 22

Third International

Question 23

What was “War Communism”?

Answer 23

An economic policy enacted by Lenin between 1918 and 1920 which centralized all of Russia’s economic assets under the control of the Communist Party and devastated the Russian economy.

Question 24

What was the “New Economic Policy”?

Answer 24

A form of state capitalism adopted to help Russia recover from War Communism.

Question 25

What was the “Five-Year Plan”?

Answer 25

Stalin’s economic plan to transform the Soviet Union from a backward agrarian country into an industrial and military superpower.

Question 26

What is the extermination of a political, cultural, or ethnic group called?

Answer 26

genocide

Question 27

What was the “Great Purge”?

Answer 27

Stalin’s reign of terror that rooted out anyone who posed even the slightest threat to his authority.