Ch23 - Terms Flashcards
What is a form of socialism which advocates the violent overthrow of existing governments with the goal of changing society and ultimately perfecting mankind?
Communism
What is another name for Communism?
Marxism-Leninism
What is a false philosophy that nothing but the material world exists and that material conditions alone determine how a person thinks, acts, feels, and believes?
dialectical materialism
What is the Marxist term for the middle class?
bourgeoisie
What is the Marxist term for the working class?
proletariat
What is the International Workingman’s Association that was used by Marx to attempt to infiltrate the trade unions throughout Europe’s industrialized nations?
First International
What is the ruler of Russia called?
czar
What are periodic, organized massacres to which the Jews in Russia were subjected?
pogroms
What was an elected legislative body in the Russian government with limited powers?
Duma
In what brief conflict over control of Manchuria did the Russians experience an unexpected and humiliating defeat by Japan?
Russo-Japanese War
What was the name of councils of workers, soldiers, and peasants called?
Soviets
`What was the Bolshevik military force called?
Red Guards
What was the name given to the overthrow of the Provisional Government in Russia by Lenin and his followers - creating the first Communist state in history?
Bolshevik Revolution
What was Lenin’s secret police organization?
Cheka
Who were the “White Russians”?
Russians who opposed the Communists.
Who were the “Red Russians”?
Russians who supported the Communists.
What type of government was set up by the Duma to restore law and order and resembled a Western representative democracy?
Provisional Government
What were the Mensheviks?
Russian Communists who wanted a broad party membership that included socialists and liberal democrats and advocated more peaceful methods for social change.
What were the Bolsheviks?
Russian Communists who followed Lenin’s theory of a party restricted to professional revolutionaries.
What was the Red Army?
The Bolshevik army formed by Leon Trotsky to combat the White Russian army.
What was the ruling elite of the Communist Party called?
Central Committee
What terrorist organization was set up by Lenin and was dedicated to inciting a Communist revolution and establishing a worldwide Communist state?
Third International
What was “War Communism”?
An economic policy enacted by Lenin between 1918 and 1920 which centralized all of Russia’s economic assets under the control of the Communist Party and devastated the Russian economy.
What was the “New Economic Policy”?
A form of state capitalism adopted to help Russia recover from War Communism.
What was the “Five-Year Plan”?
Stalin’s economic plan to transform the Soviet Union from a backward agrarian country into an industrial and military superpower.
What is the extermination of a political, cultural, or ethnic group called?
genocide
What was the “Great Purge”?
Stalin’s reign of terror that rooted out anyone who posed even the slightest threat to his authority.
