Ch17 - Terms

Question 1

bureaucracy

Answer 1

Government by men who sit at desks; a complex organization of appointed officials

Question 2

authoritarian

Answer 2

expecting unconditional obedience to authority

Question 3

totalitarian

Answer 3

having total power over every area of peoples individual lives

Question 4

League of Augsburg

Answer 4

coalition of several European nations formed in 1686 against France

Question 5

Battle of Blenheim

Answer 5

the most notable victory of the allied forces over Rance during the War of the Spanish Succession

Question 6

Age of Enlightenment

Answer 6

a movement that attempted to apply unaided human philosophy to all areas of man’s life in order to establish a new social order

Question 7

rationalism

Answer 7

the idea that man’s reason is the sole criterion for truth

Question 8

romanticism

Answer 8

philosophy that exalts man’s emotions and imagination as the basis for truth and advocates a “return to nature”

Question 9

Estates-General

Answer 9

decision-making body composed of representative from all three social classes in France.

Question 10

National Assembly

Answer 10

the official representative body of all the people of France; first government after the beginning of the French Revolution; formed the Third Estate

Question 11

Tennis Court Oath

Answer 11

oath taken by the ousted member of the Third Estate to continue meeting until a national constitution had been written

Question 12

August 4 Decrees

Answer 12

a reform adopted by the National Assembly; ended the lords’ privileges of collecting land taxes from peasants, hunting on peasants’ lands, and taking special privileges over peasants in the courts of law.

Question 13

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Answer 13

declaration adopted by the National Assembly; proclaimed the new regime’s slogan.

Question 14

What was new regime’s slogan?

Answer 14

“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death”

Question 15

Jacobin Club

Answer 15

club formed by radical extremists who met in an old Jacobin monastery in France

Question 16

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Answer 16

document which set up a Church of France

Question 17

Constituent Assembly

Answer 17

later name for the National Assembly

Question 18

Constitution of 1791

Answer 18

France’s first written constitution

Question 19

Napoleonic Wars

Answer 19

series of wars from 1792 to 1815; one of the most important series of wars in the history of the world.

Question 20

National Convention

Answer 20

government which replaced the Constituent Assembly and executed Louis XVI

Question 21

guillotine

Answer 21

device used during the French Revolution to behead “enemies of the republic”; became the symbol of the French Revolution.

Question 22

Committee of Public Safety

Answer 22

committee set up by the National Convention; 12 men with extensive police and judicial powers; instituted the Reign of Terror under Robespierre.

Question 23

Reign of Terror

Answer 23

period during which 40,000 known and suspected “enemies of the Republic” were guillotined and hundreds of thousands were arrested

Question 24

What government replaced the National Convention?

Answer 24

Directory

Question 25

What government was established by Napoleon with himself as dictator?

Answer 25

Consulate

Question 26

What was an election (in France) in which the people express their will?

Answer 26

plebiscite

Question 27

What was Napoleon’s formal peace agreement with the Roman Catholic Church?

Answer 27

Concordat

Question 28

Continental System

Answer 28

French policy which forbade the important of British goods into any European country under French control and also tried to stop trade between England and neutral countries