Ch 7 Test Yourself Flashcards
What are the functions of bones besides supporting body tissues?
Bones protect vital organs, act as levers for muscle movement, store minerals, and serve as sites for blood cell formation.
Bones play a critical role in various physiological processes beyond structural support.
What hormone is released when calcium levels in the blood fall too low?
Parathyroid hormone
This hormone triggers osteoclasts to withdraw calcium from bones.
What hormone is secreted when calcium levels in the blood rise too high?
Calcitonin
This hormone encourages calcium deposition in bones.
What are the three kinds of bone cells?
Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts.
Each type has a distinct role in bone formation and remodeling.
What is the role of osteoblasts?
They form bone and secrete the bone matrix.
Osteoblasts become osteocytes once trapped in the matrix.
What is the matrix of bone made of?
Intercellular substance with calcium and phosphate crystals in the form of hydroxyapatite.
The matrix provides hardness to bones.
What distinguishes cancellous bone from compact bone?
Cancellous bone has spicules with spaces, while compact bone is dense and made of Haversian systems.
Cancellous bone is lighter and helps reduce weight without compromising strength.
What are Haversian canals?
Part of the Haversian system, running lengthwise and containing blood, lymph, and nerve supply for osteocytes.
They are crucial for the nourishment of bone cells.
What is the primary growth center of a bone?
The shaft (diaphysis) where bone development begins.
Secondary growth centers develop in the ends (epiphyses) of the bone.
What is the purpose of epiphyseal plates?
Sites for the creation of new bone allowing long bones to lengthen.
They remain as cartilage at birth.
What is the difference between red and yellow bone marrow?
Red marrow forms blood cells; yellow marrow is primarily adipose tissue and can revert to red marrow.
Red marrow is more prevalent in young animals.
Name the external bones of the cranium.
Occipital bone, interparietal bones, parietal bones, temporal bones, frontal bones.
These bones protect the brain and support facial structures.
Which skull bone houses the cribriform plate?
Ethmoid bone.
The cribriform plate is involved in the sense of smell.
What is the difference between sternal ribs, asternal ribs, and floating ribs?
Sternal ribs connect to the sternum, asternal ribs connect to costal cartilage, floating ribs do not attach.
Each type serves different structural and protective functions.
What is the anatomic name for the shoulder blade?
Scapula.
The scapula is crucial for limb movement.
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the animal body?
Patella.
The patella protects the knee joint.
What are fibrous joints?
Immovable joints united by fibrous tissue.
Examples include sutures in the skull.
What is synovial fluid?
A lubricant for synovial joints produced by the joint capsule lining.
It helps reduce friction during movement.
What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
Tendons join muscles to bones; ligaments join bones to bones.
Both are essential for joint stability and movement.
