Ch 5 Test Yourself Flashcards
What are the four primary types of tissue?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
What is histology?
Histology is the study of the microscopic structures of tissues and organs.
List seven functions performed by epithelial cells.
- Protect, cover, and line other tissues
- Filter biochemical substances
- Absorb nutrients
- Provide sensory input
- Manufacture secretions
- Manufacture excretions
- Act as an interface layer that separates and defines the beginning and ending of different types of tissues.
What four attributes characterize epithelial tissue in general?
- Epithelial cells are polar
- Lateral surfaces are connected by junctional complexes
- All epithelial cells lack blood vessels or capillaries
- Most epithelial cells are innervated
What are the four types of cellular junctions?
How does the basement membrane act as a partial barrier between the epithelial cell and the underlying connective tissue?
Oxygen and nutrient molecules diffuse through the basement membrane from capillaries in the underlying connective tissue.
Why do some epithelial cells have cilia and microvilli?
Microvilli increase surface area for absorption and secretion; cilia facilitate movement of materials.
What does it mean if epithelial tissue is classified as simple, stratified, or pseudostratified?
- Simple: single layer of cells
- Stratified: more than one layer of cells
- Pseudostratified: appears stratified but is a single layer with nuclei at different levels
What are the three basic shapes of epithelial cell?
Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
Where can simple squamous epithelium be found?
Inner lining of the lung and filtration membranes of kidneys
Where can simple cuboidal epithelium be found?
On the surface of ovaries and in the secretory portions of glands
Where can simple columnar epithelium be found?
Lining the length of the gastrointestinal tract
Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found?
Lining the mouth, esophagus, vagina, and rectum
Where can pseudostratified columnar epithelium be found?
In the respiratory tract and portions of the male reproductive tract
Where can transitional epithelium be found?
In portions of the urinary tract
What is a gland?
A gland is a cell or group of cells that has the ability to manufacture and discharge a secretion.
How do glands develop embryologically?
Multicellular glands form from the infolding of a layer of epithelial cells.
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
- Endocrine: no ducts, secrete hormones into bloodstream
- Exocrine: possess ducts, secrete locally
Where are goblet cells found?
Interspersed among columnar cells of the respiratory and digestive tracts
What do goblet cells secrete?
Mucin, which becomes mucus when combined with water.
How are multicellular exocrine glands constructed?
They consist of a secretory unit and a duct carrying the secretion.
Describe merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine glands.
- Merocrine: secrete via exocytosis without damaging cells
- Apocrine: lose apex of cell during secretion
- Holocrine: entire cell is destroyed during secretion
How are serous and mucous secretions different?
- Serous: watery, high enzyme concentration
- Mucous: thick, viscous, composed of glycoproteins
How are connective tissue and epithelial tissue similar?
Both may form membranes in the body.