Ch 6 Powerpoint 1c Flashcards
What are claws?
Hard outer coverings of distal digits
Nonretractable except in most cats; functions include maintaining traction and tools for defense and catching prey.
What are dewclaws?
Evolutionary remnants of digits
First digit in dogs; second and fifth digits in cows, pigs, and sheep. Only the pig’s dewclaw contains bones.
What is another name for ‘hoof’?
Ungula
Hoofed animals are called ungulates.
What is the corium?
Tissue that hooves rest on
Contains a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels.
What does the laminar corium do?
Provides nutrients to the stratum internum
Located between the hoof wall and the 3rd phalanx.
What is the function of the perioplic corium?
Provides nutrients to the overlaying periople
Located in the perioplic sulcus.
What is the function of the coronary corium?
Provides nutrients to the stratum externum and medium
Found in the coronary sulcus.
What does the sole corium provide?
Nutrients to the sole
Located superior to the sole.
What does the frog corium do?
Provides nutrients to the frog
Located superior to the sole.
What are the three parts of the equine hoof?
Wall, sole, frog
The wall is the external portion; the sole is the plantar surface; the frog is a triangular structure.
What is laminitis?
Inflammation of the lamina
The lamina connects the coffin bone to the hoof wall.
What is founder?
Occurs when the bond between sensitive and insensitive laminae fails
Causes damage to arteries and veins, affecting the coffin bone.
What is navicular disease?
Changes within the navicular bone
Sometimes associated with degeneration of the fibrocartilage and deep flexor tendon.
True or False: Navicular syndrome occurs almost exclusively in the back feet.
False
It usually affects the front feet.
What are two functions of the navicular bone?
- Protect the joint and tendons from pressure and concussion
- Act as a valve for blood flow to the coffin bone and corium
What can cause laminitis or founder?
- Engorgement of high carbohydrates
- Systemic illness leading to endotoxemia
- Postoperative periods
- Retained placentas
- Adverse reaction to drugs
What are horns?
Permanent structures composed of keratin
Not sex specific; found in species like sheep, goats, and cattle.
What are antlers?
Sex-specific structures that are shed annually
Only males have antlers; nourished by velvet-like tissue.
What does dehorning involve?
Removing the base or horn bud
Methods vary based on age, species, and size of horns.
What is a polled animal?
Born free of horns
Not sex specific.
