Ch 1

Question 1

Deals with the form and structure of the body and its parts - what things look like and where they are located.

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

Deals with the functions of the body and its parts - how things work and what they do.

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

Deals with structures so small we need a microscope to see them clearly, such as cells and tissues.

Answer 3

Microscopic anatomy/histology

Question 4

Deals with body parts large enough to be seen with the unaided eye, such as organs, muscles, and bones.

Answer 4

Macroscopic anatomy/gross anatomy

Question 5

The study of individual regions of the body.

Answer 5

Regional anatomy

Question 6

The study of individual systems of the body. Deals with the systems of the body such as the nervous system and the skeletal system, as separate topics.

Answer 6

Systematic anatomy

Question 7

Planes of reference:
A plane that runs the length of the body and divides it into left and right parts that are not necessarily equal halves.

Answer 7

Sagittal plane

Question 8

Planes of reference:
A special kind of sagittal plane that runs down the center of the body lengthwise and divides it into equal left and right halves. It could also be called a midsagittal plane, but that term is not commonly used.

Answer 8

Median plane

Question 9

Planes of reference:
A plane across the body that divides it into cranial (head-end) and caudal (tail-end) parts that are not necessarily equal.

Answer 9

Transverse plane

Question 10

Planes of reference:
A plane at right angles to the sagittal and transverse planes. It divides the body into dorsal (toward the animal’s back) and ventral (toward the belly) parts that are not necessarily equal.

Answer 10

Dorsal plane
In humans this is known as the frontal plane

Question 11

Main Body Systems:
Bones and joints

Answer 11

Skeletal

Question 12

Main Body Systems:
Skin, hair, nails, and hooves

Answer 12

Integumentary

Question 13

Main Body Systems:
Central nervous system and peripheral nerves

Answer 13

Nervous

Question 14

Main Body Systems:
Heart and blood vessels

Answer 14

Cardiovascular

Question 15

Main Body Systems:
Lungs and air passageways

Answer 15

Respiratory

Question 16

Main Body Systems:
Gastrointestinal tube and accessory digestive organs

Answer 16

Digestive

Question 17

Main Body Systems:
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle

Answer 17

Muscular

Question 18

Main Body Systems:
Organs of general and special sense

Answer 18

Sensory

Question 19

Main Body Systems:
Endocrine glands and hormones

Answer 19

Endocrine

Question 20

Main Body Systems:
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Answer 20

Urinary

Question 21

Main Body Systems:
Male and female reproductive structures

Answer 21

Reproductive

Question 22

Directional Terms:
Individual’s left

Answer 22

Animal = left
Human = left

Question 23

Directional Terms:
Individual’s right

Answer 23

Animal = right
Human = right

Question 24

Directional Terms:
Toward the head end of the body

Answer 24

Animal = cranial
Human = superior

Question 25

Directional Terms: Toward the tip of the nose (head only)

Answer 25

Animal = rostral Human = Nasal

Question 26

Directional Terms: Toward the tail end of the body

Answer 26

Animal = caudal Human = inferior

Question 27

Directional Terms: Toward the back

Answer 27

Animal = dorsal (up) Human = posterior

Question 28

Directional Terms: Toward the belly

Answer 28

Animal = ventral (down) Human = anterior

Question 29

Directional Terms: Toward the median plane

Answer 29

Animal = medial Human = medial

Question 30

Directional Terms: Away from the median plane

Answer 30

Animal = lateral Human = lateral

Question 31

Directional Terms: Toward the center (whole body or part)

Answer 31

Animal = deep (internal) Human = deep (internal)

Question 32

Directional Terms: Toward the service (whole body or part)

Answer 32

Animal = superficial (external) Human = superficial (external)

Question 33

Directional Terms: Toward the body (extremity)

Answer 33

Animal = proximal Human = proximal

Question 34

Directional Terms: Away from the body (extremity)

Answer 34

Animal = distal Human = distal

Question 35

Directional Terms: "Back" of forelimb from carpus (equivalent to a human wrist) distally

Answer 35

Animal = palmer Human = palmer

Question 36

Directional Terms: "Back" of hindlimb from tarsus (equivalent to a human ankle) distally

Answer 36

Animal = plantar Human = plantar

Question 37

Directional Terms: "Front" of forelimb and hindlimb from carpus and tarsus distally

Answer 37

Animal = dorsal Human = anterior

Question 38

Common Regional Terms: Trunk of the body - formed by the rib cage and the abdomen

Answer 38

Barrel

Question 39

Common Regional Terms: Area at the base of the neck btwn the front legs that covers the cranial end of the sternum

Answer 39

Brisket

Question 40

Common Regional Terms: Large metacarpal or metatarsal bone of hoofed animals

Answer 40

Cannon

Question 41

Common Regional Terms: Joint btwn cannon bone (large metacarpal/metatarsal) and the proximal phalanx of hoofed animals

Answer 41

Fetlock

Question 42

Common Regional Terms: Lateral surface of the abdomen btwn the last rib and the hind legs

Answer 42

Flank

Question 43

Common Regional Terms: Tarsus

Answer 43

Hock

Question 44

Common Regional Terms: Carpus of hoofed animals

Answer 44

Knee (not the true knee)

Question 45

Common Regional Terms: Rostral part of the face formed mainly by the maxillary and nasal bones

Answer 45

Muzzle

Question 46

Common Regional Terms: Area of the proximal phalanx of hoofed animals

Answer 46

Pastern

Question 47

Common Regional Terms: Top of the head btwn the bases of the ears

Answer 47

Poll

Question 48

Common Regional Terms: Femorotibial/femoropatellar joint - equivalent to human knee

Answer 48

Stifle (true knee)

Question 49

Common Regional Terms: Dorsal part of the base of the tail

Answer 49

Tailhead

Question 50

Common Regional Terms: Area dorsal to scapulas

Answer 50

Withers

Question 51

General Plan of the Animal Body: Means that the left and right halves of an animal's body are essentially mirror images of each other. Paired structures, such as the kidneys, lungs, and legs, are approximately mirror images.

Answer 51

Bilateral Symmetry

Question 52

General Plan of the Animal Body: Found near the center of the body, near the median plane. Structures such as the brain, the heart, and the GI tract.

Answer 52

Single Structures

Question 53

Body Cavity: Contains the brain and spinal cord: that is the central nervous system. The cranial cavity (cranium) and the spinal cavity (spinal canal).

Answer 53

Dorsal Body Cavity

Question 54

Body Cavity: Large than the dorsal cavity. Contains most of the soft organs (viscera) of the body. Divided by the diaphragm muscle into the cranial thoracic cavity (thorax/chest) and the caudal abdominal cavity. Major structures in this cavity are the heart, lungs, esophagus, and major blood vessels.

Answer 54

Ventral Body Cavity

Question 55

Body Cavity: All of the organs in the thoracic cavity are covered by a thin membrane called the

Answer 55

Pleura

Question 56

Body Cavity: The layer that covers the organs is called the

Answer 56

Visceral layer of pleura Viscera (the organs)

Question 57

Body Cavity: The layer that lines the whole thoracic cavity is called the

Answer 57

Parietal layer of pleura