Ch 7 Exercise 11

Question 1

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 1

The lateral surface that receives the head of the femur to form the hip joint.

Question 2

Define articular process.

Answer 2

The process of a vertebra that forms a synovial joint with an adjacent vertebra.

Question 3

What is an articular surface?

Answer 3

The smooth joint surface of a bone that contacts another bone in a synovial joint.

Question 4

What is the atlas?

Answer 4

The first cervical vertebra that forms the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints.

Question 5

What is the axis?

Answer 5

The second cervical vertebra that forms the atlanto-axial joint with the atlas.

Question 6

Describe the calcaneus.

Answer 6

Projects upward and backward to form the point of the hock; attachment site for the gastrocnemius muscle.

Question 7

What is cancellous bone?

Answer 7

Spongy bone composed of randomly arranged spicules separated by spaces filled with bone marrow.

Question 8

Define cannon bone.

Answer 8

The large metacarpal or metatarsal bone of hoofed animals.

Question 9

What is the carpus?

Answer 9

The joint composed of the carpal bones, referred to as the knee in horses and wrist in humans.

Question 10

What is a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 10

A joint where bones are united by fibrocartilage, allowing slight rocking movement.

Question 11

What are cervical vertebrae?

Answer 11

The bones of the neck portion of the spinal column.

Question 12

What are coccygeal vertebrae?

Answer 12

The bones of the tail portion of the spinal column.

Question 13

Define compact bone.

Answer 13

Heavy dense bone made of tightly compacted laminated cylinders called Haversian systems.

Question 14

What is a condyle?

Answer 14

A large rounded articular surface found in the distal ends of the humerus and femur.

Question 15

What is costal cartilage?

Answer 15

The cartilaginous ventral portion of a rib.

Question 16

Define costochondral junction.

Answer 16

The junction between the bony and cartilaginous portions of a rib.

Question 17

What is a fibrous joint?

Answer 17

An immovable joint where bones are united by fibrous tissue, such as skull sutures.

Question 18

What are flat bones?

Answer 18

Bones that are thin and flat, consisting of two plates of compact bone separated by cancellous bone.

Question 19

What is a foramen?

Answer 19

A hole in a bone.

Question 20

What is the foramen magnum?

Answer 20

The large hole in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord exits the skull.

Question 21

Define fossa.

Answer 21

A depressed or sunken area on the surface of a bone occupied by muscles or tendons.

Question 22

What is an irregular bone?

Answer 22

A bone whose shape does not fit into the long, short, or flat bone categories.

Question 23

What are joints?

Answer 23

Where bones connect; types include immovable (fibrous), slightly movable (cartilaginous), and freely movable (synovial).

Question 24

What are long bones?

Answer 24

Bones longer than they are wide, such as the humerus and femur.

Question 25

What are lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 25

The group of vertebrae located dorsal to the abdominal region.

Question 26

What is the manubrium sterni?

Answer 26

The first, most cranial sternebra.

Question 27

What are metacarpals?

Answer 27

The bones of the thoracic limbs located between the carpus and the phalanges.

Question 28

What are metatarsals?

Answer 28

The bones of the pelvic limbs located between the tarsus and the phalanges.

Question 29

What are obturator foramina?

Answer 29

A pair of large holes in the pelvis that lighten the pelvis.

Question 30

What is the olecranon?

Answer 30

The bony prominence of the elbow on the upper end of the ulna.

Question 31

What is the patella?

Answer 31

The largest sesamoid bone in the body, located on the front surface of the stifle joint.

Question 32

What is the pelvis?

Answer 32

The most proximal bone of the pelvic limb, also known as the os coxae.

Question 33

What are phalanges?

Answer 33

The individual bones that make up the digits (toes).

Question 34

Define process.

Answer 34

A general name for a lump, bump, or other projection on a bone.

Question 35

What are sacral vertebrae?

Answer 35

The vertebrae of the pelvic region that fuse into the sacrum.

Question 36

What are sesamoid bones?

Answer 36

Bones present in some tendons that act as bearings over joint surfaces.

Question 37

What are short bones?

Answer 37

Small bones shaped like a cube or marshmallow, such as those in the carpus.

Question 38

What is a spinous process?

Answer 38

The single dorsally projecting process of a vertebra.

Question 39

What are splint bones?

Answer 39

The vestigial metacarpal and metatarsal bones of a horse’s leg.

Question 40

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 40

A joint allowing free movement; types include hinge, gliding, pivot, and ball-and-socket joints.

Question 41

What is the tarsus?

Answer 41

The joint composed of the tarsal bones, referred to as the hock in most animals.

Question 42

What are thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 42

The group of vertebrae located dorsal to the thoracic region.

Question 43

What is a transverse process?

Answer 43

A lateral projecting process of a vertebra.

Question 44

What is the xiphoid process?

Answer 44

The last most caudal sternebra.