Ch 6 Powerpoint 1a Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest organ system in the body?

A

Integumentary system

Comprises skin and related structures such as hair, hooves, horns, claws, and skin-related glands.

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2
Q

What are the main functions of the integumentary system?

A
  • Covers and protects
  • Prevents desiccation
  • Reduces threat of injury
  • Assists in maintenance of normal body temperature
  • Excretes water, salt, organic wastes
  • Receives and conveys sensory information
  • Synthesizes vitamin D
  • Stores nutrients
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3
Q

What are the three layers of the integumentary system?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
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4
Q

Where is the thinnest skin located?

A

Around the eyes and scrotum

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5
Q

Where is the thickest skin found?

A

Center of the back, between the shoulder blades, and on paw pads

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6
Q

What are the four main types of cells in the epidermis?

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Melanocytes
  • Merkel cells
  • Langerhans cells
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7
Q

What is the role of keratinocytes?

A

Produce keratin, a tough, fibrous, waterproof protein

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8
Q

What is the function of melanocytes?

A

Produce melanin pigment

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9
Q

What is the role of Merkel cells?

A

Mechanoreceptors essential for light touch sensation

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10
Q

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

A

Involved in allergic and cell-mediated immune response in skin

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11
Q

What is the stratum spinosum known for?

A

Contains several layers of cells held together by desmosomes

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12
Q

What characterizes the stratum germinativum?

A

Deepest layer consisting of a single row of keratinocytes attached to the basement membrane

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13
Q

What is found in the stratum granulosum?

A

Two to four layers of flattened keratinocytes containing lamellated granules of glycolipids

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14
Q

What is the significance of the stratum lucidum?

A

Found in very thick skin, composed of flattened dead cells

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15
Q

What is the stratum corneum?

A

Outermost layer, constituting up to ¾ of the epidermal thickness and composed of keratocyte remnants

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16
Q

How many epidermal layers are present in hairy skin?

A

Three layers: stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

17
Q

What is the dermis primarily composed of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

18
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A
  • Papillary layer
  • Reticular layer
19
Q

What is the papillary layer?

A

Thin, superficial layer composed of loose connective tissue

20
Q

What does the reticular layer consist of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue, making up 80% of the dermis

21
Q

What is the hypodermis also known as?

A

Subcutaneous layer

22
Q

What is the primary function of the hypodermis?

A

Allows skin to move freely over underlying structures

23
Q

What is pigmentation in the integument related to?

A

Presence or absence of melanin granules in extensions of melanocytes

24
Q

What are paw pads composed of?

A

Tough, thick layers of fat and connective tissue

25
What is the planum nasale?
Top of the nose in cats, pigs, sheep, and dogs
26
What are ergots and chestnuts?
Dark, horny structures on legs of the equine family, thought to be vestiges of digits
27
True or False: The stratum lucidum is present in most skin.
False
28
Fill in the blank: The _______ layer of the dermis consists of loose connective tissue.
Papillary
29
Fill in the blank: The epidermis primarily consists of _______ layers.
Five