Ch 5 Powerpoint1b Flashcards
What is Areolar Tissue?
Loose connective tissue with a tangle of random fibers and cells suspended in thick ground substance.
Predominant cell is fibroblast.
What are the main functions of Areolar Tissue?
Surrounds and supports; forms the SQ layer connecting skin to muscle; envelopes blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes; present in all mucous membranes; provides nutrients.
Pathological states include edema and pitting edema.
What is Adipose Tissue?
Loose connective tissue where adipocytes predominate, located throughout the body and highly vascular.
Functions as an energy storehouse, thermal insulator, and mechanical shock absorber.
What are the two main types of Adipose Tissue?
- White adipose
- Brown adipose
What is Reticular Tissue?
Loose connective tissue with thin, loosely arranged reticular fibers and fibroblasts suspended in ground substance.
Forms framework for organs (stroma) such as spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.
What characterizes Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue?
Characterized by densely packed collagen fibers.
Includes three major types: dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic.
What is Dense Regular Connective Tissue?
Tightly packed parallel collagen fibers with fibroblasts forming rows; relatively avascular.
Located in tendons and ligaments, and sheets of fascia.
What is Dense Irregular Connective Tissue?
Contains thicker bundles of collagen than dense regular, with fibers interwoven into a single sheet.
Located in the dermis of skin, fibrous covering of organs, and tough capsules of joints.
What is Elastic Connective Tissue?
Composed primarily of elastic fibers in a parallel or interwoven pattern with fibroblasts and collagen.
Located in spaces between vertebrae and regions requiring stretching (e.g., walls of arteries, stomach).
What are Specialized Connective Tissues?
- Cartilage
- Osseous connective tissue (bone)
- Blood
What is Cartilage?
More rigid than dense connective tissue but more flexible than bone; no innervation and avascular.
Contains chondrocytes in lacunae and has a matrix of ground substance, tissue fluid, collagen, and elastic fibers.
What type of cartilage is the most common in the body?
Hyaline cartilage.
What are the locations of Hyaline Cartilage?
- Embryonic skeleton
- Tracheal rings
- Auricular cartilage
- Growth plates of long bones
- Sternum-to-ribs connections
What is Elastic Cartilage?
Contains many elastic fibers in dense, branching bundles; it is flexible and withstands repeated bending.
Located in the epiglottis of the larynx and external ears of animals.
What is Fibrocartilage?
Usually found merged with hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains thick bundles of hyaline cartilage and no perichondrium.
Designed to take compression, located between vertebrae of the spine, between bones in pelvis, and in knee joint.
What are the characteristics of Bone?
Hardest and most rigid connective tissue with a specialized matrix of organic collagen fibers and inorganic calcium salts; well vascularized.
Contains a central haversian canal for vascular and nervous supply.
What is the function of Osteoblasts?
Manufacture the fibers that are part of the matrix.
What is the matrix of Blood?
Ground substance = plasma; fibrous component = protein.
What are the types of cells found in Blood?
- Erythrocytes (RBC)
- Leukocytes (WBC)
- Thrombocytes (platelets)
What are the four common types of membranes?
- Mucous membranes
- Serous membranes
- Cutaneous membranes
- Synovial membranes
What are Mucous Membranes?
Line organs with connections to the outside environment and generally produce large quantities of mucus.
Composition includes stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium covering lamina propria.
What is the function of Serous Membranes?
Line walls and cover organs that fill closed body cavities; produce thin, watery serosal fluid.
They consist of parietal and visceral layers.
What is the Cutaneous Membrane?
Also known as skin; an organ always exposed to the outside environment.
Composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue.
What is the structure of Synovial Membranes?
Line the cavities of joints; composed of connective and adipose tissue covered by a layer of collagen fibers and fibroblasts.
They do not have epithelium.
What are the three types of Muscle Tissue?
- Skeletal muscle
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
What characterizes Skeletal Muscle?
Large cells containing hundreds of nuclei and mitochondria; striated and voluntary muscle.
Impairment leads to muscle being paretic or paralyzed.
What is Smooth Muscle?
Small, spindle-shaped cells that are nonstriated and involuntary.
Found in walls of hollow organs and responsible for peristalsis.
What distinguishes Cardiac Muscle?
Found only in the heart; small, branching cells with one nucleus and connected via intercalated disks.
Contains specialized pacemaker cells.
What is Nervous Tissue designed for?
To receive and transmit electrical signals throughout the body.
What are the two general cell types in Nervous Tissue?
- Neurons
- Neuroglial cells
What are the primary parts of Neurons?
- Perikaryon (cell body)
- Dendrites
- Axons
What is the function of Neuroglial Cells?
Support neurons, isolate conductive membranes, provide framework, and supply nutrients.
More numerous than neurons.
What are the stages of Tissue Healing and Repair?
- Inflammation
- Organization
- Regeneration or fibrosis
What occurs during Inflammation?
Nonspecific response to injury or disease including vasoconstriction, vasodilation, edema, clot formation, and phagocytosis.
What is Granulation Tissue?
Tissue that forms beneath the overlying blood clot or scab, composed of a layer of collagen fibers infiltrated with capillaries.
Slowly replaced by fibrous scar tissue.
What are the classifications of Wound Healing?
- First intention
- Second intention
- Third intention
What is First Intention in wound healing?
Edges of wound held in close apposition; skin forms a primary union without significant scarring.
What is Second Intention in wound healing?
Edges of wound separated; granulation tissue forms to close the gap, resulting in scarring.
What is Third Intention in wound healing?
Contaminated wound left open until inflammation subsides; later closed by first intention.
Also called delayed primary closure.
