Ch 1 HW Flashcards
Ex 1:
1) Our first patient was a cat that got a chunk taken out of the tip of his nose by a feisty parrot. That wound was on the most (1)_____ part of the cat’s head. He was not happy when I inserted the rectal thermometer in his (2)_____ end. I’m glad my assistant had a good hold of a scruff of skin over his shoulder blades is his (3)_____ area.
(1) rostral
(2) caudal
(3) withers
Ex 1:
2) A good way to avoid forgetting to clip the dewclaws when doing a nail trim is to always start with the dewclaw. It is located on the inside or (4)_____ side of the paw. Then work out to the outermost nail on the (5)____ side of the paw.
(4) medial
(5) lateral
Ex 1:
3) I saw a cat give a cow a backrub today. The cow was lying on its ventral surface in (6)_____ recumbency. The cat was on the cow’s back, or (7)____ surface. Periodically the cat would slowly walk toward the cow’s head in a (8)_____ direction, stopping occasionally to knead the cow’s back. When the cat reached the cow’s neck, it would turn around and do the same thing toward the cow’s tail, or (9)____ end. The cow seemed happy.
(6) sternal
(7) dorsal
(8) cranial
(9) caudal
Ex 1:
4) In the United States, dog and cat spay incisions are usually made on the midline of the belly. This is called a (10)_____ midline incision and the animal must be positioned in (11)____ recumbency. In the United Kingdom, cat spay incisions are often made on the side of the abdomen. This is called a (12)_____ incision, and the animal must be positioned in (13)_____ recumbency.
(10) ventral
(11) dorsal
(12) flank
(13) lateral
Ex 1:
5) When radiographing limb bones, we should include the joints above, or (14)_____, and below, or (15)_____, to the target bone to be sure we get the whole bone on the film. For a radiograph of the tibia (shinbone) and its trusty sidekick the fibula, we would have to include the (16)_____ joint (17)_____ to the tibia and fibula, and the (18)_____ joint (19)____ to the bones.
(14) proximal
(15) distal
(16) stifle
(17) proximal
(18) hock
(19) distal
Ex 1:
6) When an animal stands squarely on all four feet, the surfaces of its front feet that are on the ground are the (20)_____ surfaces. The surface of its hind feet that are on the ground are the (21)_____ surfaces. The top/front surfaces of all four feet are the (22)______ surfaces.
(20) palmer
(21) plantar
(22) dorsal
Ex 1:
7) To position a cat for a ventral midline surgical incision into the abdomen, the animal’s ventral surface must face upward. It must be in (23)_____ recumbency. For a dorsal midline spinal surgery incision in a dog, the animal’s dorsal surface must face upward. It must be in (24)_____ recumbency. For surgical repair of a superficial laceration on the left side of a ferret’s chest, the animal must be positioned on its right side with its left side facing upward. It is in (25)______ lateral recumbency.
(23) dorsal
(24) sternal
(25) right
Ex 1:
8) A ventral midline surgical incision is made along part of the (26)_____ plane of the animal’s body. A surgical incision made 2 inches to the left of the ventral midline would be along part of the (27)_____ plane.
(26) median
(27) sagittal
Ex 1:
9) If a horse waded into a pond until the water was about mid-chest high, the surface of the water would represent a (28)____ plane through the animal’s body. After cooling off in the pond, if the horse stood in the doorway of the barn so its front, or (29)_____, end was inside the barn and its back, or (30)_____, end was outside, the doorway would represent a (31)______ plane through the animal’s body.
(28) dorsal
(29) cranial
(30) caudal
(31) transverse
Ex 2:
1) Toward the median plane
Medial
Ex 2:
2) Common term for tarsus
Hock
Ex 2:
3) Toward the center of the body or body part
Deep
Ex 2:
4) Side of abdomen between last rib and hind leg
Flank
Ex 2:
5) Toward the belly
Ventral
Ex 2:
6) Toward the body (referring to an appendage)
Proximal
Ex 2:
7) Equivalent to human knee
Stifle
Ex 2:
8) Toward the head
Cranial
Ex 2:
9) Away from the median plane
Lateral
Ex 2:
10) Proximal phalanx area of a horse
Pastern
Ex 2:
11) Top of the head between the ears
Poll
Ex 2:
12) Toward the backbone
Dorsal
Ex 2:
13) Dorsal part of the base of the tail
Tailhead
Ex 2:
14) Plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves
Median
Ex 2:
15) Away from the body (referring to an appendage)
Distal
Ex 2:
16) Toward the tail
Caudal
Ex 2:
17) Toward the side of the body, away from the median plane
Lateral
Ex 2:
18) Plane parallel to the cranial - caudal midline, but no the midline
Sagittal
Ex 2:
19) Area over the cranial end of the sternum
Brisket
Ex 2:
20) Toward the tip of the nose
Rostral
Ex 2:
21) Toward the outer surface of the body or body part
Superficial
Ex 2:
22) Ground or rear surface of hindlimb distal to the tarsus
Plantar
Ex 2:
23) Plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal portions
Transverse
Ex 2:
24) Main trunk of the body
Barrel
Ex 2:
25) Rostral part of the face formed by the nose and upper jaw
Muzzle
Ex 2:
26) Area dorsal to shoulder blades
Withers
Ex 2:
27) Plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral portions
Dorsal
Ex 2:
28) Ground or rear surface of front limb distal to carpus
Palmer
Ex 2:
29) Joint between cannon bone and proximal phalanx of a horse
Fetlock
Ex 2:
30) Carpus of a horse
Knee (not the true knee)
Ex 5:
1) Caudal cheek teeth
Molar teeth
Ex 5:
2) All of the upper or lower teeth
Dental arch or dental arcade
Ex 5:
3) Surface of an incisor tooth facing toward the midline
Mesial
Ex 5:
4) Facing the tongue
Lingual
Ex 5:
5) Toward the tip of a tooth’s root
Apex
Ex 5:
6) “Fangs” of a dog
Canine
Ex 5:
7) Left of right half of the upper or lower teeth
Quadrant
Ex 5:
8) Tooth surface facing an adjacent tooth
Interproximal surface
Ex 5:
9) The part of a tooth an animal bites with
Crown
Ex 5:
10) Facing the hard palate
Palatal
Ex 5:
11) Cutting edge of a sharp tooth
Incisal edge
Ex 5:
12) The part of a tooth that anchors it in the jaw
Root
Ex 5:
13) Surface of a premolar tooth facing toward the caudal end of the mouth
Distal
Ex 5:
14) Facing the cheeks
Buccal
Ex 5:
15) Toward a tooth’s crown
Coronal
Ex 5:
16) Flat surface of a grinding tooth
Occlusal surface
Ex 5:
17) Rostral cheek teeth
Premolar
Ex 5:
18) Space between teeth
Interproximal space
Ex 5:
19) Surface of an incisor tooth facing away from the midline
Distal
Ex 5:
20) Where the root trunk of a tooth divides into tooth roots
Furcation
(bifurcation or trifurcation)
Ex 5:
21) Facing the lips
Labial
Ex 5:
22) Most rostral teeth
Incisors
Ex 5:
23) Surface of a molar tooth facing the rostral end of the mouth
Mesial surface
Ex 7:
1) Anatomy and physiology describe two complementary but different ways to look at the animal body.
Anatomy and physiology are both used to study the animal body. Anatomy is form and structure by using microscopic anatomy, macroscopic anatomy, regional anatomy, and systemic anatomy. While physiology is the functions of the body.
Ex 7:
2) Terms such as up, down, above, below, and beside are not very useful in describing anatomic locations.
Anatomic terms must have the same meaning regardless of the orientation of the animal or the position of the observer. Basic anatomic terminology is based on imaginary slices, called planes, through the animal body that can be used as points or areas of reference and on sets of directional terms that have opposite meanings from each other
Ex 7:
4) There are a few differences between human directional terms and those of nonhuman animals.
Humans stand on two feet in an upright position (bipeds). While animals with four feet are called quadrupeds with there body in a horizontal position. This means that terms like anterior and dorsal refer to different directions. For humans anterior would mean front and in animals it would mean toward the head.
Ex 7:
3) A radiograph of a horse’s front fetlock joint is called a dorsopalmar (DP) view.
A dorsopalmar radiograph is a radiograph taken of the horses front foot that would show the bones of the hoof and pastern as it relates to the sole and outer hoof wall.
Ex 7:
5) When performing surgery on the digestive tract, we must take care to suture it securely closed.
This is vital to prevent any undigested or waste from escaping and potentially causing a severe infection in the abdominal cavity.
Ex 7:
6) Oblique positions are sometimes used in radiography.
Oblique positions are used when you want to prevent body structures from overlapping as sometimes occurs in dorsal, sternal, or lateral recumbency positions.
