Ch 1 HW

Question 1

Ex 1:
1) Our first patient was a cat that got a chunk taken out of the tip of his nose by a feisty parrot. That wound was on the most (1)_____ part of the cat’s head. He was not happy when I inserted the rectal thermometer in his (2)_____ end. I’m glad my assistant had a good hold of a scruff of skin over his shoulder blades is his (3)_____ area.

Answer 1

(1) rostral
(2) caudal
(3) withers

Question 1

Ex 1:
2) A good way to avoid forgetting to clip the dewclaws when doing a nail trim is to always start with the dewclaw. It is located on the inside or (4)_____ side of the paw. Then work out to the outermost nail on the (5)____ side of the paw.

Answer 1

(4) medial
(5) lateral

Question 2

Ex 1:
3) I saw a cat give a cow a backrub today. The cow was lying on its ventral surface in (6)_____ recumbency. The cat was on the cow’s back, or (7)____ surface. Periodically the cat would slowly walk toward the cow’s head in a (8)_____ direction, stopping occasionally to knead the cow’s back. When the cat reached the cow’s neck, it would turn around and do the same thing toward the cow’s tail, or (9)____ end. The cow seemed happy.

Answer 2

(6) sternal
(7) dorsal
(8) cranial
(9) caudal

Question 3

Ex 1:
4) In the United States, dog and cat spay incisions are usually made on the midline of the belly. This is called a (10)_____ midline incision and the animal must be positioned in (11)____ recumbency. In the United Kingdom, cat spay incisions are often made on the side of the abdomen. This is called a (12)_____ incision, and the animal must be positioned in (13)_____ recumbency.

Answer 3

(10) ventral
(11) dorsal
(12) flank
(13) lateral

Question 4

Ex 1:
5) When radiographing limb bones, we should include the joints above, or (14)_____, and below, or (15)_____, to the target bone to be sure we get the whole bone on the film. For a radiograph of the tibia (shinbone) and its trusty sidekick the fibula, we would have to include the (16)_____ joint (17)_____ to the tibia and fibula, and the (18)_____ joint (19)____ to the bones.

Answer 4

(14) proximal
(15) distal
(16) stifle
(17) proximal
(18) hock
(19) distal

Question 5

Ex 1:
6) When an animal stands squarely on all four feet, the surfaces of its front feet that are on the ground are the (20)_____ surfaces. The surface of its hind feet that are on the ground are the (21)_____ surfaces. The top/front surfaces of all four feet are the (22)______ surfaces.

Answer 5

(20) palmer
(21) plantar
(22) dorsal

Question 6

Ex 1:
7) To position a cat for a ventral midline surgical incision into the abdomen, the animal’s ventral surface must face upward. It must be in (23)_____ recumbency. For a dorsal midline spinal surgery incision in a dog, the animal’s dorsal surface must face upward. It must be in (24)_____ recumbency. For surgical repair of a superficial laceration on the left side of a ferret’s chest, the animal must be positioned on its right side with its left side facing upward. It is in (25)______ lateral recumbency.

Answer 6

(23) dorsal
(24) sternal
(25) right

Question 7

Ex 1:
8) A ventral midline surgical incision is made along part of the (26)_____ plane of the animal’s body. A surgical incision made 2 inches to the left of the ventral midline would be along part of the (27)_____ plane.

Answer 7

(26) median
(27) sagittal

Question 8

Ex 1:
9) If a horse waded into a pond until the water was about mid-chest high, the surface of the water would represent a (28)____ plane through the animal’s body. After cooling off in the pond, if the horse stood in the doorway of the barn so its front, or (29)_____, end was inside the barn and its back, or (30)_____, end was outside, the doorway would represent a (31)______ plane through the animal’s body.

Answer 8

(28) dorsal
(29) cranial
(30) caudal
(31) transverse

Question 9

Ex 2:
1) Toward the median plane

Answer 9

Medial

Question 10

Ex 2:
2) Common term for tarsus

Answer 10

Hock

Question 11

Ex 2:
3) Toward the center of the body or body part

Answer 11

Deep

Question 12

Ex 2:
4) Side of abdomen between last rib and hind leg

Answer 12

Flank

Question 13

Ex 2:
5) Toward the belly

Answer 13

Ventral

Question 14

Ex 2:
6) Toward the body (referring to an appendage)

Answer 14

Proximal

Question 15

Ex 2:
7) Equivalent to human knee

Answer 15

Stifle

Question 16

Ex 2:
8) Toward the head

Answer 16

Cranial

Question 17

Ex 2:
9) Away from the median plane

Answer 17

Lateral

Question 18

Ex 2:
10) Proximal phalanx area of a horse

Answer 18

Pastern

Question 19

Ex 2:
11) Top of the head between the ears

Answer 19

Poll

Question 20

Ex 2:
12) Toward the backbone

Answer 20

Dorsal

Question 21

Ex 2:
13) Dorsal part of the base of the tail

Answer 21

Tailhead

Question 22

Ex 2:
14) Plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

Answer 22

Median

Question 23

Ex 2:
15) Away from the body (referring to an appendage)

Answer 23

Distal

Question 24

Ex 2:
16) Toward the tail

Answer 24

Caudal

Question 25

Ex 2:
17) Toward the side of the body, away from the median plane

Answer 25

Lateral

Question 26

Ex 2:
18) Plane parallel to the cranial - caudal midline, but no the midline

Answer 26

Sagittal

Question 27

Ex 2:
19) Area over the cranial end of the sternum

Answer 27

Brisket

Question 28

Ex 2:
20) Toward the tip of the nose

Answer 28

Rostral

Question 29

Ex 2:
21) Toward the outer surface of the body or body part

Answer 29

Superficial

Question 30

Ex 2:
22) Ground or rear surface of hindlimb distal to the tarsus

Answer 30

Plantar

Question 31

Ex 2:
23) Plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal portions

Answer 31

Transverse

Question 32

Ex 2:
24) Main trunk of the body

Answer 32

Barrel

Question 33

Ex 2:
25) Rostral part of the face formed by the nose and upper jaw

Answer 33

Muzzle

Question 34

Ex 2:
26) Area dorsal to shoulder blades

Answer 34

Withers

Question 35

Ex 2:
27) Plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral portions

Answer 35

Dorsal

Question 36

Ex 2:
28) Ground or rear surface of front limb distal to carpus

Answer 36

Palmer

Question 37

Ex 2:
29) Joint between cannon bone and proximal phalanx of a horse

Answer 37

Fetlock

Question 38

Ex 2:
30) Carpus of a horse

Answer 38

Knee (not the true knee)

Question 39

Ex 5:
1) Caudal cheek teeth

Answer 39

Molar teeth

Question 40

Ex 5:
2) All of the upper or lower teeth

Answer 40

Dental arch or dental arcade

Question 41

Ex 5:
3) Surface of an incisor tooth facing toward the midline

Answer 41

Mesial

Question 42

Ex 5:
4) Facing the tongue

Answer 42

Lingual

Question 43

Ex 5:
5) Toward the tip of a tooth’s root

Answer 43

Apex

Question 44

Ex 5:
6) “Fangs” of a dog

Answer 44

Canine

Question 45

Ex 5:
7) Left of right half of the upper or lower teeth

Answer 45

Quadrant

Question 46

Ex 5:
8) Tooth surface facing an adjacent tooth

Answer 46

Interproximal surface

Question 47

Ex 5:
9) The part of a tooth an animal bites with

Answer 47

Crown

Question 48

Ex 5:
10) Facing the hard palate

Answer 48

Palatal

Question 49

Ex 5:
11) Cutting edge of a sharp tooth

Answer 49

Incisal edge

Question 50

Ex 5:
12) The part of a tooth that anchors it in the jaw

Answer 50

Root

Question 51

Ex 5:
13) Surface of a premolar tooth facing toward the caudal end of the mouth

Answer 51

Distal

Question 52

Ex 5:
14) Facing the cheeks

Answer 52

Buccal

Question 53

Ex 5:
15) Toward a tooth’s crown

Answer 53

Coronal

Question 54

Ex 5:
16) Flat surface of a grinding tooth

Answer 54

Occlusal surface

Question 55

Ex 5:
17) Rostral cheek teeth

Answer 55

Premolar

Question 56

Ex 5:
18) Space between teeth

Answer 56

Interproximal space

Question 57

Ex 5:
19) Surface of an incisor tooth facing away from the midline

Answer 57

Distal

Question 58

Ex 5:
20) Where the root trunk of a tooth divides into tooth roots

Answer 58

Furcation
(bifurcation or trifurcation)

Question 59

Ex 5:
21) Facing the lips

Answer 59

Labial

Question 60

Ex 5:
22) Most rostral teeth

Answer 60

Incisors

Question 61

Ex 5:
23) Surface of a molar tooth facing the rostral end of the mouth

Answer 61

Mesial surface

Question 62

Ex 7:
1) Anatomy and physiology describe two complementary but different ways to look at the animal body.

Answer 62

Anatomy and physiology are both used to study the animal body. Anatomy is form and structure by using microscopic anatomy, macroscopic anatomy, regional anatomy, and systemic anatomy. While physiology is the functions of the body.

Question 62

Ex 7:
2) Terms such as up, down, above, below, and beside are not very useful in describing anatomic locations.

Answer 62

Anatomic terms must have the same meaning regardless of the orientation of the animal or the position of the observer. Basic anatomic terminology is based on imaginary slices, called planes, through the animal body that can be used as points or areas of reference and on sets of directional terms that have opposite meanings from each other

Question 62

Ex 7:
4) There are a few differences between human directional terms and those of nonhuman animals.

Answer 62

Humans stand on two feet in an upright position (bipeds). While animals with four feet are called quadrupeds with there body in a horizontal position. This means that terms like anterior and dorsal refer to different directions. For humans anterior would mean front and in animals it would mean toward the head.

Question 62

Ex 7:
3) A radiograph of a horse’s front fetlock joint is called a dorsopalmar (DP) view.

Answer 62

A dorsopalmar radiograph is a radiograph taken of the horses front foot that would show the bones of the hoof and pastern as it relates to the sole and outer hoof wall.

Question 62

Ex 7:
5) When performing surgery on the digestive tract, we must take care to suture it securely closed.

Answer 62

This is vital to prevent any undigested or waste from escaping and potentially causing a severe infection in the abdominal cavity.

Question 63

Ex 7:
6) Oblique positions are sometimes used in radiography.

Answer 63

Oblique positions are used when you want to prevent body structures from overlapping as sometimes occurs in dorsal, sternal, or lateral recumbency positions.