Ch 3 Cell Anatomy Part2

Question 1

What are the three types of fibers that make up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 1

Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, Microtubules

Question 2

What is the function of the centrosome?

Answer 2

Building and breaking down microtubules

Question 3

What are the components of the centrosome?

Answer 3

Centrioles, Pericentriolar material, Asters

Question 4

What are centrioles composed of?

Answer 4

Small hollow cylinders composed of 9 triplets of microtubules

Question 5

In which orientation do centrioles exist in pairs?

Answer 5

Their long axis is perpendicular to one another

Question 6

What is the largest organelle in the cell?

Answer 6

Mitochondria

Question 7

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Answer 7

Produce most of the energy to fuel the cell

Question 8

What is the structure of mitochondria?

Answer 8

Outer membrane (smooth), Inner membrane (Cristae), DNA, RNA, and enzymes

Question 9

What are ribosomes known for?

Answer 9

Important site for protein synthesis

Question 10

What are the two subunits that make up ribosomes?

Answer 10

Protein and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 11

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Answer 11

Rough ER and Smooth ER

Question 12

What characterizes rough ER?

Answer 12

Ribosomes on the surface and protein production

Question 13

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 13

Modification, packaging, and distribution center for molecules

Question 14

What do lysosomes contain?

Answer 14

Hydrolytic enzymes enclosed in a protective membrane

Question 15

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 15

Break down nutrient molecules and digest cellular debris

Question 16

What are proteasomes?

Answer 16

Small barrel-shaped organelles that assist with breakdown and removal of unwanted protein in the cell

Question 17

How do proteasomes process proteins?

Answer 17

Break down one protein at a time with the help of ubiquitin

Question 18

What do peroxisomes contain?

Answer 18

Enzymes such as peroxidases and catalases

Question 19

What is the function of peroxisomes?

Answer 19

Detoxification and removal of free radicals

Question 20

What are vaults?

Answer 20

Hollow, tiny barrel-shaped structures that transport molecules to and from the nucleus

Question 21

What are inclusions?

Answer 21

Packaged units of metabolic products or substances that the cell has engulfed

Question 22

What is the control center of the cell?

Answer 22

The Nucleus

Question 23

What are the four parts of the anatomy of the nucleus?

Answer 23

Nuclear envelope, Nucleoplasm, Chromatin, Nucleolus

Question 24

What is the nuclear envelope composed of?

Answer 24

Two lipid bilayers

Question 25

What is chromatin?

Answer 25

The substance of chromosomes, consisting of DNA and histones

Question 26

What is the structure of chromatin?

Answer 26

Single strand of DNA winds around 8 histone molecules forming a nucleosome

Question 27

What role do histones play?

Answer 27

Important role in gene regulation

Question 28

What is the function of nucleoli?

Answer 28

Location where ribosomal subunits are made

Question 29

What nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?

Answer 29

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine

Question 30

What nitrogenous base is unique to RNA?

Answer 30

Uracil

Question 31

True or False: Mature mammalian red blood cells are anucleated.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The outer layer of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the _______.

Answer 32

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 33

What is the function of the inner layer of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 33

Supports the structure of the nucleus

Question 34

What are the two types of genetic material in the nucleus?

Answer 34

DNA and RNA

Question 35

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 35

Two parallel strands of nucleotides twisted around in a double helix

Question 36

What is the structure of RNA?

Answer 36

Single-stranded molecule with no opposing strand