Ch 5 Communication Methods Flashcards
What is graphic scale?
The ratio of a measuring unit to the full-size item it represents.
What is a scale?
A drafting instrument that facilitates making and reading scaled drawings.
What are the 3 types of scales?
Architect’s scale, metric scale & engineer’s scale
Which scale uses fractions of an inch to represent feet and inches?
Architect’s scale
Which scale is used when a project is planned and represented with SI units?
Metric scale. Individual markings are based on millimeter lengths.
Which scale uses feet and fractions of a foot and uses scales such as 1 in = 40 ft or 1 in = 100’
Engineer’s scale
Although they are available on many architectural scales, these scales should never be used.
3/16” and 3/32” - they are too close to 1/4” and 1/8”
What is a graphic scale?
A band of alternating light and dark portions, each of which represents a given length.
What are orthographic drawings?
Drawings that use orthographic projection to enable a 3-D object to be seen in 2-D. They are useful because several orthographic views can accurately decribe even the most complex object.
What is an orthographic projection?
A view of an object seen as though the viewer’s line of sight were simultaneously perpendicular to every point on the face of the object.
Floor plans, RCPs, elevations, and sections are the most common type of what drawing?
Orthographic
What is a plan?
An orthographic view of an object as seen from directly above.
A floor plan is technically a section. At what height is a horizontal cut made through a building?
5’ above the floor, although all openings are shown, even if their bottom edges are above the theoretical 5’ high section cut, such as cabinets, ceiling breaks and shelving. These items are indicated with a dashed line.
What is a poche?
A graphic pattern or solid black used to make the walls stand out or to indicate the wall construction type.
What elements does a RCP show?
Theoretically, the RCP shows only those construction elements that touch the plane of the ceiling, as well as the ceiling itself and the objects in the ceiling. Therefore, walls that extend to or through the ceiling are drawn, but not low walls. For example, the opening of a 7’ door in a room with an 8’ ceiling does not show. In practice however, door openings may be shown to provide better orientation for the contractor.
What is an elevation?
An orthographic view of the side of an object.
What is a section?
An orthographic view of an object after the object has been cut and one portion has been removed.
What is a profile line?
Lines separating the void from the solid, which are drawn very heavy, in a section.
What is an axonometric drawing?
A view of an object of an object inclined to the picture plane in such a way that the three principle axes are foreshortened.
What are the 3 types of axonometric drawings?
Isometric, dimetric and trimetric
What is an isometric drawing?
A 3-D view of an object where the object is tilted in relationship to a picture plane (rather than parallel in relationship to a picture plane, as with an orthographic drawing).
Describe the difference between isometric, dimetric and trimetric drawings?
With isometric drawings, the lines of projection make equal angles with the picture plane. With dimetric drawings, two of the principal axes are equally foreshortened. With trimetric drawings, all three of the principal axes are foreshortened.
What is an oblique drawing?
A 3-D view of an object where one plane of the object is parallel to the picture plane while the third axis is oblique to the picture frame. It shows one plane of an object (2D) in true shape and scale with the third dimension drawn as lines at a fixed angle to the true plane.
What is the advantage of an oblique drawing?
That an orthographic floor plan can be used as the starting point without any redrawing; the plan is simply tilted at any angle.
What type of drawing provides the most accurate 2-D representation of the 3-D world?
Perspective
What is convergence?
In perspective drawing, it is the apparent diminishing size of objects as they get farther from the eye.
How is a 2-point perspective created?
When the point of view is at normal eye level and is not perpendicular to any plane of the object.
How is a 1-point perspective created?
When the point of view is perpendicular to one of the planes of the object.
What is a picture plane?
What is a picture plane?
What is a station point?
The point from which the object is being viewed.
What is a horizon line?
A horizontal line drawn across the paper that represents the place where the earth meets the sky. In most drawings, it is assumed to be at eye level (5’-0” to 5’-6”)
In 2-point perspective, what are the left and right vanishing points?
The points where the horizon line intersects the two vertical lines projected from above become the vanishing points for the actual perspective drawing.
What is the height line?
The only line on the perspective drawing where vertical dimensions can be directly scaled. This is projected down vertically from where the picture plane touches the plan drawing to intersect the horizon line.
What is the progression of design documents, starting with the adjacency matrix?
Adjacency matrix –> Bubble diagram –> Rough block drawings –> Design development drawings –> Final construction drawings
What are the two types of models?
Presentation models and study (working) models
What is a presentation model?
Model that is very detailed and accurately represents furniture, details, colors and finishes. They are most often used for client presentation. Because they are difficult to make, they are usually made by professional model builders.
What is a study (working) model?
A rough model used by the designer as an aid to understanding the 3-D aspects of the space and are constructed in a variety of ways. 1/4” and 1/2” are the most common scales.
What are mockups?
Full-size representations of a portion of a design. They are a good way to communicate to the client how something will look that has not yet been built.
