Ch 5 Communication Methods

Question 1

What is graphic scale?

Answer 1

The ratio of a measuring unit to the full-size item it represents.

Question 2

What is a scale?

Answer 2

A drafting instrument that facilitates making and reading scaled drawings.

Question 3

What are the 3 types of scales?

Answer 3

Architect’s scale, metric scale & engineer’s scale

Question 4

Which scale uses fractions of an inch to represent feet and inches?

Answer 4

Architect’s scale

Question 5

Which scale is used when a project is planned and represented with SI units?

Answer 5

Metric scale. Individual markings are based on millimeter lengths.

Question 6

Which scale uses feet and fractions of a foot and uses scales such as 1 in = 40 ft or 1 in = 100’

Answer 6

Engineer’s scale

Question 7

Although they are available on many architectural scales, these scales should never be used.

Answer 7

3/16” and 3/32” - they are too close to 1/4” and 1/8”

Question 8

What is a graphic scale?

Answer 8

A band of alternating light and dark portions, each of which represents a given length.

Question 9

What are orthographic drawings?

Answer 9

Drawings that use orthographic projection to enable a 3-D object to be seen in 2-D. They are useful because several orthographic views can accurately decribe even the most complex object.

Question 10

What is an orthographic projection?

Answer 10

A view of an object seen as though the viewer’s line of sight were simultaneously perpendicular to every point on the face of the object.

Question 11

Floor plans, RCPs, elevations, and sections are the most common type of what drawing?

Answer 11

Orthographic

Question 12

What is a plan?

Answer 12

An orthographic view of an object as seen from directly above.

Question 13

A floor plan is technically a section. At what height is a horizontal cut made through a building?

Answer 13

5’ above the floor, although all openings are shown, even if their bottom edges are above the theoretical 5’ high section cut, such as cabinets, ceiling breaks and shelving. These items are indicated with a dashed line.

Question 14

What is a poche?

Answer 14

A graphic pattern or solid black used to make the walls stand out or to indicate the wall construction type.

Question 15

What elements does a RCP show?

Answer 15

Theoretically, the RCP shows only those construction elements that touch the plane of the ceiling, as well as the ceiling itself and the objects in the ceiling. Therefore, walls that extend to or through the ceiling are drawn, but not low walls. For example, the opening of a 7’ door in a room with an 8’ ceiling does not show. In practice however, door openings may be shown to provide better orientation for the contractor.

Question 16

What is an elevation?

Answer 16

An orthographic view of the side of an object.

Question 17

What is a section?

Answer 17

An orthographic view of an object after the object has been cut and one portion has been removed.

Question 18

What is a profile line?

Answer 18

Lines separating the void from the solid, which are drawn very heavy, in a section.

Question 19

What is an axonometric drawing?

Answer 19

A view of an object of an object inclined to the picture plane in such a way that the three principle axes are foreshortened.

Question 20

What are the 3 types of axonometric drawings?

Answer 20

Isometric, dimetric and trimetric

Question 21

What is an isometric drawing?

Answer 21

A 3-D view of an object where the object is tilted in relationship to a picture plane (rather than parallel in relationship to a picture plane, as with an orthographic drawing).

Question 22

Describe the difference between isometric, dimetric and trimetric drawings?

Answer 22

With isometric drawings, the lines of projection make equal angles with the picture plane. With dimetric drawings, two of the principal axes are equally foreshortened. With trimetric drawings, all three of the principal axes are foreshortened.

Question 23

What is an oblique drawing?

Answer 23

A 3-D view of an object where one plane of the object is parallel to the picture plane while the third axis is oblique to the picture frame. It shows one plane of an object (2D) in true shape and scale with the third dimension drawn as lines at a fixed angle to the true plane.

Question 24

What is the advantage of an oblique drawing?

Answer 24

That an orthographic floor plan can be used as the starting point without any redrawing; the plan is simply tilted at any angle.

Question 25

What type of drawing provides the most accurate 2-D representation of the 3-D world?

Answer 25

Perspective

Question 26

What is convergence?

Answer 26

In perspective drawing, it is the apparent diminishing size of objects as they get farther from the eye.

Question 27

How is a 2-point perspective created?

Answer 27

When the point of view is at normal eye level and is not perpendicular to any plane of the object.

Question 28

How is a 1-point perspective created?

Answer 28

When the point of view is perpendicular to one of the planes of the object.

Question 29

What is a picture plane?

Answer 29

What is a picture plane?

Question 30

What is a station point?

Answer 30

The point from which the object is being viewed.

Question 31

What is a horizon line?

Answer 31

A horizontal line drawn across the paper that represents the place where the earth meets the sky. In most drawings, it is assumed to be at eye level (5’-0” to 5’-6”)

Question 32

In 2-point perspective, what are the left and right vanishing points?

Answer 32

The points where the horizon line intersects the two vertical lines projected from above become the vanishing points for the actual perspective drawing.

Question 33

What is the height line?

Answer 33

The only line on the perspective drawing where vertical dimensions can be directly scaled. This is projected down vertically from where the picture plane touches the plan drawing to intersect the horizon line.

Question 34

What is the progression of design documents, starting with the adjacency matrix?

Answer 34

Adjacency matrix –> Bubble diagram –> Rough block drawings –> Design development drawings –> Final construction drawings

Question 35

What are the two types of models?

Answer 35

Presentation models and study (working) models

Question 36

What is a presentation model?

Answer 36

Model that is very detailed and accurately represents furniture, details, colors and finishes. They are most often used for client presentation. Because they are difficult to make, they are usually made by professional model builders.

Question 37

What is a study (working) model?

Answer 37

A rough model used by the designer as an aid to understanding the 3-D aspects of the space and are constructed in a variety of ways. 1/4” and 1/2” are the most common scales.

Question 38

What are mockups?

Answer 38

Full-size representations of a portion of a design. They are a good way to communicate to the client how something will look that has not yet been built.