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Interior Design > Ch 19 Lighting > Flashcards

Ch 19 Lighting Flashcards

1
Q

Candlepower (cp)

A

unit of luminous intensity approximately equal to the horizontal light output from a candle

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2
Q

Lumen (lm)

A

unit of luminous flux equal to the flux in a unit solid angle of one steradian from a uniform point source of 1 candlepower (cp)

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3
Q

Illuminance

A

the density of luminous flux incident on a surface in lumens per unit area

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4
Q

Luminance

A

the luminous flux per unit of projected area and unit solid angle leaving a surface, either reflected or transmitted - measurable state of object luminosity

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5
Q

Candela

A

measures luminance or brightness

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6
Q

Footlambert

A

measures luminance of brightness

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7
Q

Brightness

A

like luminance, but measures the physiological sensation of the adaptation of the eye

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8
Q

Direct Glare

A

when a light source in the field of vision causes discomfort and interference with the visual task - causes by brightness of source, position, background illumination, and adaptation of eye to environment

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9
Q

Visual Comfort Porbability (VCP) Factor

A

developed to evaluate direct glare by figuring the percentage of people who find a situation acceptable from a particular location and direction

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10
Q

Critical Zone for Direct Glare

A

the area above a 45 degree angle from the light source

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11
Q

Reflected Glare

A

occurs when a light source is reflected from a viewed surface into the eye causing a decrease in contrast between the task and its background

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12
Q

Veiling Reflection

A

when reflected glare interferes with the viewing task caused by a interaction of light sources and can often be remedied by providing general lighting with task lighting that is flexible

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13
Q

Contrast

A

difference in illumination level between one point and nearby points

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14
Q

Immediate Surroundings Brightness Ratio

A

3:01

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15
Q

Nearby General Brightness Ratio

A

5:01

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16
Q

Remote Surroundings Brightness Ratio

A

10:01

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17
Q

Uniformity

A

makes a space feel comfortable and pleasant, but can become monotonous and complete uniformity is not always desired for specific tasks

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18
Q

Color of Lighting

A

an interaction between the color of the light source and the color of the objects that reflect the light

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19
Q

Efficacy

A

measure of energy efficiency that looks at the ratio of luminous flux emitted to the total power input of the source measured in lumens/watt

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20
Q

Incandescent - Benefits

A

inexpensive, compact, easy to dim, can be repeatedly restarted without decrease in lamp life, can be easily controlled with reflectors and lenses, and have a warm color rendition

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21
Q

Incandescents - Negatives

A

low efficacy, short lamp life, and high heat output - not suitable for large, energy efficient installations

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22
Q

Reflector Lamp - Incandescent

A

has a wide beam spread - (R)

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23
Q

Elliptical Reflector - Incandescent

A

produces an efficient through of light from a fixture by focusing the light beam at a point slightly in front of the lamp before it spreads out - smaller spread than an R (reflector) lamp - (ER)

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24
Q

Parabolic Aluminized Reflector - Incandescent

A

focuses light in a narrow spread, with the light rays more parallel because its reflector is a parabola - available in “flood” and “spotlights” - (PAR)

25
Q

MR-16 - Incandescent

A

low-voltage, multifaceted mirror reflector with several angle of beam spreads - narrowest beam spread of incandescent

26
Q

Tungsten-Halogen - Incandescent

A

increased lamp life due to recurring cycle of tungsten filament, causes low lumen depreciation and more uniform light color, greater efficacy and more compact, but has higher operating temperature putting them more on the blue end of the spectrum

27
Q

Fluorescent

A

have high efficacy, relatively low initial cost, long life, and variety of color temperatures – dimmable – best for general illumination due to less ability to easily control them

28
Q

Measurement of Incandescent and Fluorescent Lamps

A

done in 1/8” of an inch increment so a 5/8” diameter fluorescent would be a T5 or a R-28 incandescent would be a 4.75” diameter lamp

29
Q

GU-24 Lamp - Fluorescent

A

high-efficacy compact fluorescent with a 2-pin base - becoming the most common energy efficient lamp with a variety of color temperatures and a long lamp life - designed to replace the standard Edison screw base

30
Q

High-Intensity Discharge (HID)

A

produce light by passing electric current through a gas or vapor under high pressure - all types require time to restart after power failure or being shut off

31
Q

Mercury-Vapor Lamp (HID)

A

long lamp life, but poor color rendering and are usually limited to outdoor lighting and industrial applications like warehouses

32
Q

Metal-Halide Lamp (HID)

A

has the best combination of HID lamps - with a color rendering between 60 - 90, high efficacy, and relatively long lamp life - but they have a large shift in color temperature over time

33
Q

Ceramic Metal Halide (HID)

A

higher temperature to function which gives it an improved color rendering and light control, with better color consistency over lamp life, but it has a higher initial costs, difficult to dim - good for a retail space where long life and high efficacy are needed with point source control and excellent color rendition

34
Q

High Pressure Sodium (HID)

A

one of the most efficient lamps available with 80 - 140 lm/W with a lamp life of 10,000 - 24,000 hours, but they produce a very yellow light

35
Q

Light Emitting Diodes (LED)

A

very bright, long life (100,000 hours +), and low power consumption, produces no heat, can be controlled by a digital interface, but low efficacy and high costs

36
Q

Direct Lighting

A

provides all the light output directly on the task

37
Q

Semidirect Lighting

A

puts majority of light down, but puts a small percentage towards the ceiling - must be surface mounted

38
Q

Direct-Indirect Lighting

A

distributes light up and down almost equally

39
Q

Indirect Lighting

A

directs all the light toward a reflective ceiling where the light illuminates the room by reflectance

40
Q

Task-Ambient Lighting

A

common in commercial lighting providing a general background illumination level with a separate light fixture at individual work stations - energy efficient and creates more positive work environment

41
Q

Color Rendering Index

A

measure of how well a source renders color compared to the same object lighted with a referenced source of a CRI of 100

42
Q

Common Office Kelvin Temperature

A

3,500

43
Q

Color Temperature of Hazy Blue Sky

A

9000

44
Q

Color Temperature of 60 W Incandescent

A

2790

45
Q

Color Temperature of 150 W Incandescent

A

2800

46
Q

Color Temperature of Tungsten-Halogen

A

3000

47
Q

Color Temperature of Cool-White Fluorescent

A

4300

48
Q

Color Temperature of Warm-White Fluorescent

A

3100

49
Q

Color Temperature of Cool-White Deluxe Fluorescent

A

4100

50
Q

Color Temperature of Daylight Fluorescent

A

6500

51
Q

Color Temperature of Metal Halide HID

A

3600-4200

52
Q

First Step of Lighting Design

A

determine function of space and require light levels (footcandles) to dictate lighting system type

53
Q

Step Two of Lighting Design

A

determine character of space as it relates to lighting needs: uniformity, control of lighting, fixed versus portable luminaires, and visibility of light sources

54
Q

Third Step of Lighting Design

A

select lamp type based on color rendition required, economy, control required and select luminaires to accompany lamps to control glare, be cost effective, and provide adjustability as needed

55
Q

Fourth Step of Lighting Design

A

the location and number of luminaires are determined based on light level and tasks to be performed

56
Q

Zonal Cavity Method

A

used for larger installations where the number and location is calculated using required footcandles and efficacy of the lamp, number of lamps, the coefficient of utilization of the luminaire, and lamp lumen depreciation factor, and conditions the lamp will be used in

57
Q

Coefficient of Utilization (CU)

A

a number used to represent how efficient the luminiare distributes the light from the lamps under various degrees of finish reflectivity of the floor, walls, and ceiling

58
Q

Emergency Lighting

A

is required for occupants to safely exit a building with means of egress illumination, exit signs, voice communication systems, smoke control systems, etc run on a backup generator or batteries required a 1 fc measured from the floor for a minimum of 90 minutes

59
Q

Locations required by Codes for Emergency Lighting

A

exit access corridors and aisles in rooms with 2 or more exits, exit access corridors and stairways in buildings with 2 or more exits, and exit discharge elements, like a lobby, where 50% of the occupants may exit through

Interior Design (50 decks)

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