Ch 4 Space Planning Flashcards
There are six general ways plans can be organized, which include:
Open, Linear, Axial, Centralized, Grid and Clustered, and their variations
What is a common mistake in space planning?
Letting adjacency requirements dictate the arranging of rooms and spaces in the preliminary planning and then to connect rooms with a circulation path as an afterthought, leading to awkward corridors and circulation routes.
What elements of sustainable design should be considered during space planning?
1) Area for storage and collection of recycleables 2) Reusing existing building stock when feasible 3) Providing secure bicycle storage and changing/shower facilities for 5% or more of tenants.
What is space planning?
The process used to translate programmatic needs and broad design concepts into a physical plan of the space by organizing major rooms and areas, determining circulation systems, and laying out furniture.
Example of Grid System
Open-plan workstation or restaurant tables.
Example of a Dumbell Circulation Layout
Double-loaded corridor arrangement, rooms on both sides of a common corridor.
One of the designer’s tasks during space planning is….
To develop organizing concepts that will satisfy the client’s needs and then test them against criteria unique to the situation, to find the best one to develop in more detail.
When more than one linear organization extends from a centralized point, in becomes a ________ Organization.
Radial - Radial plans have a central focus but also extend outward to connect with other spaces or rooms. They can be circular or assume other shapes.
What actions can an interior designer take to make the best use of a building’s existing fenestrations for daylighting?
1) During initial space planning, develop concepts that use open planning as much as possible, leaving the areas near windows available for views as well as to admit as much natural light as possible. Using low partitions and extensive interior glazing can also maximize light penetration and views to the outside. 2) Select appropriate window coverings to maximize the reflectance of interior surfaces and coordinate the artificial lighting with the type and quantity of available natural light.
A floor plan drawing of the existing space within which the new design will be placed.
Base Plan
Why are different sizes and types of circulation important?
For accomodating varying capacities and for providing an orientation device for people.
Describe the extent of daylighting depth.
Approximately two-and-a-half times the height of the head of the window. Knowing that the effective daylighting drops off rapidly at this point may suggest where enclosed spaces should be planned.
Circulation Patterns
One of the primary ways of organizing rooms, an open space, or an entire project. Vital to the efficient organization of space and provide people with their strongest orientation within the environment.
What is “Daylight Factor”?
Expressed as a percentage, it is the ratio of the indoor illuminance at a point on a horizontal surface to the unobstructed exterior horizontal illuminance. Direct sunlight is excluded. The daylight factor can be calculated and compared with recommended daylight factors for various tasks. LEED credits can be gained by providing a daylight factor of 2% for 75% of all spaces occupied for critical tasks or 90% of spaces provided with views.
Does circulation have to mimic the organizational pattern of a project?
No - circulation is directly related to the organizational patterns of a project, but it does not have to mimic it - e.g. a major circulation path can cut diagonally across a grid pattern.
When does space planning begin?
After the design concepts are developed and approved by the client.
What is a base plan?
A floor plan drawing of the existing space within which the new design will be placed.
One of the primary ways of organizing rooms, an open space, or an entire project. Vital to the efficient organization of space and provide people with their strongest orientation within the environment. are the ___________ _________
Circulation Patterns
Whether a building is existing or new, it often has unique characteristics that can be incorporated into planning. These are:
Special Features
What do Linear Organizations consist of?
A series of spaces or rooms that are placed in a single line. The spaces can be identical or different sizes/shapes, but they always relate to a unifying line, usually a path of circulation. A linear organization is very adaptable - it can be straight, bent, or curved, and is easily expandable and can be planned in a modular configuration.
Describe the “Doughnut Configuration” circulation pattern.
A complete loop. This configuration is very efficient because it provides a double-loaded corridor and automatically makes a continuous exitway so 2 exits are always available. This pattern is only appropriate for larger groups of spaces because the ratio of circulation area to usable area should be kept as low as possible.
What is a light shelf?
A horizontal surface placed above eye level that reflects direct daylighting onto the ceiling while shading the lower portions of the window and the interior of the room. It also has the desirable effect of distributing the light more evenly from the window to the back of the room. Interior designers generally have no control over the use of light shelves, although in existing buildings with high windows, the designer may study the feasibility of using light shelves. They can be added to the interior of the building with some benefit, although they are most effective when partially inside and partially outside the glass.
