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Interior Design > Ch 13 Finalizing Design Development & Presenting to Client > Flashcards

Ch 13 Finalizing Design Development & Presenting to Client Flashcards

1
Q

What do the concluding stages of design development include?

A

Last check of design decisions to verify that they satisfy the design intent of the project, meet good practice standards for construction, meet the requirements of codes and building systems, meet the rules of the base building, and a concluding presentation to the client to communicate the final decisions regarding space planning, materials, furnishings, and costs.

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2
Q

At what point in the design process does the designer refine early design concepts into a more detailed scheme?

A

During Schematic Design and early stages of Design Development

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3
Q

Detailing

A

The process of working out the technical requirements of how individual components fit together.

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4
Q

Detail

A

The manner in which an assembly of several parts is organized and connected.

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5
Q

What are the three objectives detailing serves?

A

(1) Must resolve how to physically connect the various components of a design. (2) Solves functional problems. (3) A way to enhance the design intent of the project and contribute to the overall look or style of the project design.

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6
Q

The process of developing or reviewing a detail is a way of satisfying the requirements of what?

A

The four categories of design intent, constraints, function and constructability.

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7
Q

What 3 categories of design are used to develop alternative detail concepts for an individual component to be reviewed by the designer?

A

Constraints, Design Intent, and Function

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8
Q

When a final detail concept is selected for refinement, ____________ requirements are then applied to develop the final detail.

A

Constructability

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9
Q

Design Intent

A

The approach the designer and owner decide to take to satisfy the program requirements and specific needs arising from these requirements.

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10
Q

What is the basic starting point for developing and reviewing a detail?

A

Design Intent

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11
Q

What are the two major aspects of design intent?

A

(1) Details should contribute to the overall design concept. (2) Details must resolve problems of connection or transition.

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12
Q

Constraints

A

The given conditions within which a detail must perform and over which the designer has little control.

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13
Q

During the late design development stage of a project, the ______ for the job should be well established.

A

Budget

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14
Q

What does cost control in detailing involve?

A

Balancing client needs, initial costs, and life-cycle costs.

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15
Q

What is labor cost largely determined by?

A

The effort required to build a detail so that, in general, construction costs can be minimized by developing simple details that still satisfy all the other criteria.

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16
Q

What is the benefit to conforming to industry standards when it comes to construction?

A

Increase the likelihood that a detail will work, and minimizes potential liability if something goes wrong. Also, time and cost can be minimized if standard labor practices are followed. New methods should only be used when a standard method will not work.

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17
Q

Construction is a ___________ ________ industry.

A

Geographically Localized

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18
Q

Function

A

Includes the requirements the detail must meet based on the basic purpose of the detail.

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19
Q

What is the simplest functional purpose of a detail?

A

To conceal other rough construction or to simply provide a finish.

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20
Q

The interior designer is responsible for protecting the _____, ______, and _______ of the public.

A

Health, Safety and Welfare

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21
Q

The interior designer should be aware of what types of safety concerns?

A

Structural Safety and Safety with Human Contact

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22
Q

Security

A

Providing protection against theft, vandalism, intentional physical harm, or a combination of all three.

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23
Q

What are common security concerns?

A

Residential and commercial burglary, employee pilferage, vandalism, sabotage or theft of company records and property, confinement of prisoners, protection of personnel, safety and confinement in psychiatric wards, abduction, and terrorism.

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24
Q

What are the types of security systems?

A

Physical barriers, methods for preventing entry, detecting intruders, controlling access to secure areas, and notifying authorities in the event of unauthorized entry or other emergencies.

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25
Q

Who is responsible for designing and installing security systems and the power to operate them?

A

Security consultants, equipment vendors, electrical engineering consultants, and contractors.

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26
Q

Who is responsible for coordinating the security design team’s effort so the work fits within the overall design and construction of the project?

A

Interior Designer

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27
Q

What are some of the important elements of security system coordination?

A

Lighting, Security Monitors and their Supports, Conduit, Audio Speakers, & Power Transfers for Doors.

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28
Q

What does a designer need to know regarding lighting in relation to security?

A

It should be compatible with the general ambient lighting when possible. The electrical engineer or lighting designer should know what types of cameras are being used to select the best lighting types. LIGHTING POSITIONS & DETAILS ARE SHOWN ON THE INTERIOR DESIGN DRAWING, but the electrical engineer will produce detailed circuiting drawings.

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29
Q

What does a designer need to know regarding monitors and equipment in relation to security?

A

The designer must show on the drawings adequate space and support for video cameras, monitors, access devices, controls and other equipment. The ACTUAL ELECTRICAL & SIGNAL CIRCUITING will be show on the ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS.

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30
Q

What does a designer need to know regarding conduit in relation to security?

A

Conduit must be shown on the electrical consultant’s drawings to accomodate signal system wiring, electric lock wiring, telecommunication wiring, and other wiring that may be provided by the separate contractor.

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31
Q

What does a designer need to know regarding audio speakers in relation to security?

A

Audio speakers required for P.A. and communication within secured areas should be SHOWN ON THE INTERIOR DESIGN DRAWINGS and coordinated with other elements on the REFLECTED CEILING PLAN.

32
Q

What does a designer need to know regarding power transfers in relation to security?

A

Power transfers should be specified to meet the necessary level of security, but should be concealed whenever possible.

33
Q

Power Transfer

A

A flexible cable or other device that transmits power between a door and its frame while allowing the door to operate normally.

34
Q

Materials within human reach should be . . .

A

Resistant to scratching, abrasion, impact and marking.

35
Q

What does maintainability include?

A

The ability to easily clean a material as well as the ability to make adjustments and repairs.

36
Q

A detail should allow _____ components to be replaced easily.

A

Damaged

37
Q

What is one of the most troublesome and error-prone areas of construction design and detailing?

A

Controlling Moisture

38
Q

Whenever ____ may be a problem, a detail should be carefully reviewed.

A

Water

39
Q

What are some area that require special attention when detailing?

A

Under and around showers and tubs, kitchens, mechanical rooms, pools and any other interior space where excess moisture is present.

40
Q

What are some of the considerations when detailing moisture-prone areas?

A

Material permeability and durability, aggravated circumstances, joints, capillary action, and sealants.

41
Q

What are some considerations for sustainability when detailing?

A

Embodied energy of materials used, renewable materials, recycled content, reducing energy consumption, local sources, low VOC sealants and and cleaners, and easy deconstruction for recycling.

42
Q

Constructability

A

The requirements produced by the detail itself, regardless of its design intent or functional needs.

43
Q

Connection

A

The way the various parts of the detail are attached to one another and to the substrate.

44
Q

What are the three types of connection?

A

(1) Rigid Connection (if one material moves, both move) (2) Rigid but Adjustable for Installation (3) Flexible (allows for movement)

45
Q

For each detail of a connection, there must be space for what?

A

The attaching device as well as clearance for workers.

46
Q

When detailing a connection, what must be considered besides the type of attachment?

A

Problems with incompatible materials, such as galvanic action or deterioration of a material due to water leakage. If materials are coated or sealed, the base material must be compatible with the coatings or joining material.

47
Q

Structure

A

The strength required by the detail to resist the forces applied to it as well as its own weight and loading. Details need to withstand forces of gravity, wind, and seismic loading, as well as impact.

48
Q

What are common structural forces placed on a detail?

A

Common forces include: live and dead loads, wind loads, seismic loads, hydrostatic pressure, forces induced by building movement, loads induced by normal human use, loads created by one material acting as the substrate for another, forces caused by accidental or intentional abuse, strengh properties ot a material or assembly that may be necessary to resist various forces, including compression, tension, shear, torsion, rupture, hardness and impact.

49
Q

Movement

A

A constructability element of detailing that includes making provision for both movement of the detail (if any) and of the building that the detail must accomodate.

50
Q

Movement is inevitable and may be cause by . . .

A

Live, dead or lateral loads; temperature changes; water absorbtion; or other forces.

51
Q

How must a partition that extends to the structure above allow for movement?

A

It must allow for deflection of the floor above, or else a buckled partition or cracked finish may result. This can be achieved by using a SLIP JOINT.

52
Q

Tolerance

A

The amount of allowable variance from a given line, dimension or size. This must be accounted for in detailing.

53
Q

Woodwork items have a very ____ tolerance.

A

Small. Sometimes as small as 1/16” or less.

54
Q

Poured concrete footings may have a very ____ tolerance.

A

Large. These may be oversized as much as 2” and still be acceptable.

55
Q

Who has established tolerances for many construction components?

A

Trade Organizations. These are accepted norms unless designer specifies otherwise.

56
Q

If requiring tighter tolerances than industry standards, what is usually required?

A

Better materials, more time and labor, and higher costs.

57
Q

A finished wood panel wall installed over cast concrete must have enough space for what?

A

Shimming and blocking so that the final wall surface can be plumb. This is an example of tolerance.

58
Q

Clearance

A

A gap or space designed to allow for the construction or installation of a material, construction element, or piece of equipment. Details must provide enough clearance to make construction possible.

59
Q

The shim space around doors and windows is provided so . . .

A

doors and windows can be slipped into the rough opening and leveled and plumbed before being attached to the framing. This is an example of clearance.

60
Q

What do the best details allow?

A

For construction to proceed directly from one trade to another in a timely fashion. Designing details to allow for a clear division of the labor trade can minimize interference and potential conflict.

61
Q

What is one of the biggest expenses of a building project?

A

Labor

62
Q

What is especially important to review when custom details or new details of untried materials are used?

A

Review details for designer’s exposure to liabiltiy.

63
Q

What must be reviewed at the FINAL stages of design development?

A

Materials and products should be reviewed to verify that they STILL meet the basic design and aesthetic needs of the client.

64
Q

What should be done if changes in materials are made?

A

The designer should get the client’s written approval on any changes.

65
Q

Individual finishes and materials should be evaluated for what criteria?

A

Function, Durability, Maintainability, Safety, Health, Cost and Sustainability

66
Q

MSDS

A

Material Safety Data Sheet - A printed sheet containing information about the physical makeup of a substance, proper procedures for storage and handling, and what to do in case of a spill. OSHA requires manufacturers to provide these sheets for potential hazardous substances. They are intended to be used by workers and emergency personnel and NOT consumers.They provide valuable information on the potential toxicity of a material. They contain the name and address of the manufacturer, and indentificaion of the substance including trade names, physical data, fire and explosion data, and information on toxicity, health affects, first aid for exposure, reactivity with other substances, storage and disposal, conditions to avoid, spill and leak procedures, and protective equipment required, if any.

67
Q

What do MSDSs NOT describe?

A

Potential long-term effects of a chemical product and are not available for most of the finish materials used by interior designers. The EPA or the product manufacturer should be consulted for information on other materials.

68
Q

During the design development phase, what are the code components that should be reviewed?

A

Construction of fire-rated corridors and other fire-rated partitions, including occupancy separations and shaft enclosures, requirements for fire ratings based on construction type, detailed requirements for stairs (risers, treads and handrails), detailed requirements for ramps (slope, landings, and handrails), construction of glazing where safety glazing is required, glazing details where fire-rated glazing is used, detailed requirements for doors, door ratings, and door hardware, requirements for flame-spread rating of finishes, requirements for toilet room planning for accessibility, including accessories, requirements for penetrations of fire-rated assemblies, limitations on the use of plastics, locations of exit signs, locations of fire extinguishers, ventilation requirements, including separate exhaust systems, requirements for emergency lighting, sprinkler requirements, smoke detector requirements, signage accessibility and egress notification.

69
Q

At the conclusion of ______ __________, all accessibility issues that relate to the broad issues of space planning should have been incorporated into the design.

A

Design Development

70
Q

Prior to moving into the ____ _______ phase, accessibility issues should be evaluated one last time to make sure all requirements are met.

A

Construction Documents

71
Q

Before moving into the construction documents phase, what detailed aspects of barrier-free design should be evaluated?

A

Surfaces of accessible routes (thresholds, level changes), details of toilet room design (grab bars, mirrors, faucets, and accessories), drinking fountain mounting, bathtub and shower design, details of stair design (treads, risers and handrails), protruding objects, requirements for reach ranges, detectable warnings, locations and design of visual and audio alarms, public telephone access and mounting height, amount of seating and other elements governed by scoping provisions.

72
Q

When a lease space is being designed, what are the requirements of the space?

A

The building owner usually has rules, regulations and standards that must be incorporated into the designer’s plan. These may include: rentable-useable ratio; building standard allowances; limitations on the design and finishes of public corridors; limitations on the design of the main entrance to the lease space; regulations for corridor and lobby signage; requirements for security (including locks, security codes, and check-in and check-out procedures for employees as well as visitors), regulations for service access and use of freight elevator, availability of mechanical and electrical systems, including availability for after-hour use and special equipment, capacity of the structural system to carry unusually heavy loads (libraries, file rooms and heavy equipment), provisions for expansion in case the tenant requires additional space (this is typically written into the lease and is based on the length of the lease, the location in the building, and the terms of the lease of adjacent tenants); requirements on window coverings, regulations on the type of lighting that can be used; hours that the building is open to the public.

73
Q

At the ___ of the design development phase, the interior design again needs to communicate to the client the status of the project and what the final decisions are regarding the space plan, materials and finishes, and furnishings. Also, an updated budget is usually presented.

A

End

74
Q

What is required before the designer begins the construction document phase of the project?

A

Client approval. This should occur after a final presentation at the end of the design development phase.

75
Q

What is the main difference between a design development presentation to the client, and earlier presentations?

A

Design development presentations are very specific. The exact dimensions of the floor plan are set, specific products and materials have been selected, furniture selection is finalized, and for most products, exact colors and finishes have been determined. This is the last chance for the client to make changes without adversely affecting the project’s cost and schedule!!!!

Interior Design (50 decks)

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