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EMT - B > CH 5 and 6 Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

CH 5 and 6 Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Pressure

A

The pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of the blood vessels. Usually arterial blood pressure (the pressure in an artery) is measured.

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2
Q

Brachial Artery

A

Artery of the upper arm; the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR

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3
Q

Bronchi

A

The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi Singular (Bronchus)

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4
Q

Buffer System

A

A system that helps manage the pH of the body to maintain it at a normal level

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5
Q

Calcaneus

A

The heel bone

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6
Q

Capillary

A

A thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body’s cells takes place

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7
Q

Cardiac Conduction System

A

A system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulates the heart to beat

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8
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart

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9
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

The system made up of the heart (cardio), and the blood vessels (vascular). Vascular System

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10
Q

Carotid Artery

A

The large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head

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11
Q

Carpals

A

The Wrist bones

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12
Q

Central Nervous System

A

The brain and the spinal cord

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13
Q

Central Pulses

A

Carotid Femoral These can be felt in the central part of the body

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14
Q

Clavicle

A

The collarbone

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15
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart

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16
Q

Myocardium

A

The heart muscle

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17
Q

Cranium

A

Consists of: The top The back The sides of the skull

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18
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

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19
Q

Dermis

A

The inner (second) layer of the skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis

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20
Q

Diaphragm

A

The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity; a major muscle of respiration

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21
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A

The pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is REFILLING

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22
Q

Digestive system

A

Systems by which food travels through the body and is digested, or broken down, into absorbable forms

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23
Q

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

A

Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe

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24
Q

Endocrine System

A

System of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions

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25
Q

Epidermis

A

The outer layer of the skin

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26
Q

Epiglottis

A

A leaf shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea

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27
Q

Epinephrine

A

A hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions

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28
Q

Exhalation

A

A passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs

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29
Q

Femoral Artery (FEM-o-ral)

A

The major artery supplying the leg

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30
Q

Femur (FEE-mer)

A

The large bone of the thing

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31
Q

Fibula (FIB-u-luh)

A

The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

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32
Q

Gallbladder

A

A sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver

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33
Q

Humerus

A

The bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder of the elbow

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34
Q

Hypoperfusion

A

Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to provide them with O2 and nutrients;

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35
Q

Is Hypoperfusion a TRUE life threatening condition?

A

YES

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36
Q

What is a another name for Hypoperfusion

A

Shock

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37
Q

Ilium

A

The superior and widest portion of the pelvis

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38
Q

Inhalation

A

An ACTIVE process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity, creating negative pressure in the chest, and and causing air to flow into the lungs

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39
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics

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40
Q

Involuntary Muscles

A

Muscles that respond automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled

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41
Q

Ischium

A

The lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

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42
Q

Joint

A

The point where two bones come together

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43
Q

Kidneys

A

Organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels of the body

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44
Q

Large Intestine

A

The muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body towards excretion from the body

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45
Q

Larynx

A

The voice box

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46
Q

Ligament

A

Tissue that connects bone to bone

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47
Q

Liver

A

The largest organ of the body, which produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body

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48
Q

Lungs

A

The organs where exchange exchange of atmospheric O2 and waste CO2 takes place

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49
Q

Lymphatic System

A

The system composed of organs, tissues and vessels that helps to maintain the fluid balance of the body and contributes to the body’s immune system

50
Q

Malleolus

A

Protrusion on the side of the ankle. Consists of lateral and medial malleolus

51
Q

Lateral Malleolus

A

Lateral malleolus - lower end of the fibula, is seen on the OUTER ankle

52
Q

Medial Malleolus

A

Medial Malleolus - The lower end of the tibia, as seen on the INNER ankle

53
Q

Mandible

A

The lower jawbone

54
Q

Maxllae

A

The two fused bones fused, forming the upper jaw

55
Q

Maubriam

A

The superior portion of the sternum

56
Q

Metacarpals

A

The hand bones

57
Q

Metatarsals

A

The foot bones

58
Q

Muscle

A

Tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part

59
Q

Musculoskeletal System

A

The system of bones and skeletal muscle that support and protects the body and permits movements

60
Q

Nasal Bones

A

The nose bones

61
Q

Nasopharnyx

A

The area directly posterior to posterior to the nose

62
Q

Nervous System

A

The system of the brain, spinal cord and nerves that govern sensation, movement and thoughts

63
Q

Orbits

A

The bony structures around the eyes (the eye sockets

64
Q

Oropharnyx

A

The area directly posterior to the mouth

65
Q

Ovaries

A

Egg producing organs within the female reproductive system

66
Q

Pancreas

A

A gland located behind the stomach that produces insulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine

67
Q

Patella

A

The knee cap

68
Q

Pelvis

A

The basin-shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities

69
Q

Penis

A

The organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and the exchange of sperm

70
Q

Perfusion

A

The supply of O2 to and removal of waste from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

71
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

The nerves that center and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord

72
Q

Peripheral Pulses

A

Consist of: Radial, Brachial, Posterior Tibial and Dorsalis Pedis pulses. These can be felt at peripheral (outlying) points of the body

73
Q

Phalanges

A

Toe and finger bones

74
Q

Pharynx (FAIR-inks)

A

The area directly posterior to the mouth and nose , It is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharnyx

75
Q

Physiology

A

The study of body function

76
Q

Plasma

A

The fluid portion of the blood

77
Q

Platelets

A

Components of the blood, membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells

78
Q

Posterior Tibial Artery

A

Artery supplying blood to the foot, behind the medial ankle

79
Q

Pubis

A

The medial anterior pert of the pelvis

80
Q

Pulmonary Arteries

A

The vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

81
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

The veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lunges to the LEFT ATRIUM of the heart

82
Q

Pulse

A

The rhythmic beat caused as waves of blood move through the expanded arteries

83
Q

Radial Artery

A

Artery of the lower arm; the artery felt when taking the pulse at the thumb side of the wrist

84
Q

Radius

A

The lateral bone of the forearm

85
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

Components of the blood. They carry O2 to and CO2 away from the cells

86
Q

Renal System

A

The body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood. (aka the Urinary System)

87
Q

Reproductive System

A

The body system that is responsible for human reproduction

88
Q

Respiration

A

The process of moving O2 and CO2 between circulating blood and the cells

89
Q

Respiratory System

A

The system of nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings O2 into the body and expels CO2

90
Q

Scapula

A

The shoulder blade

91
Q

Shock

A

AKA Hypoperfusion - Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to provide them with O2 and nutrients; (A LIFE THREATENING CONDITION)

92
Q

Skeleton

A

The bones of the body

93
Q

Skin

A

The layer of tissue between the body and the external environment

94
Q

Skull

A

The bony structure of the head

95
Q

Small Intestine

A

The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, that receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion. Nutrients are absorbed by the body through its walls

96
Q

Spleen

A

An organ located in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the abdomen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for reserves of blood

97
Q

Sternum

A

The breastbone

98
Q

Stomach

A

Muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where digestion of food begins

99
Q

Subcutaneous layers

A

The layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis

100
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

The pressure created in the arteries when the LEFT VENTRICLE contracts and forces blood out into circulation

101
Q

Tarsals

A

The ankle bones

102
Q

Testes

A

The male organs or reproduction, used for the production of sperm

103
Q

Thorax

A

The chest

104
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A

The wing shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the Adam’s apple

105
Q

Tibia

A

The medial and larger bone of the lower leg

106
Q

Torso

A

The trunk of the body; the body without the head and the extremities

107
Q

Trachea

A

The “windpipe”; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs

108
Q

Ulna

A

The medial bone of the forearm

109
Q

Ureters

A

The tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder

110
Q

Urethra

A

Tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine

111
Q

Uterus

A

Female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus

112
Q

Vagina

A

The female organ for reproduction used for both sexual intercourse and as an exit from the the uterus for the fetus

113
Q

Vein

A

Any blood vessel returning blood to the heart

114
Q

Venae Cavae

A

The superior venae cavae and the inferior vena cavae. These two major veins return return blood from the body to the right atrium. (Singular - Vena Cava)

115
Q

Ventilation

A

The process of moving gases (O2 and CO2) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood

116
Q

Ventricles

A

The two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right ventricle (which sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs) and a left ventricle (which sends O2 rich blood to the body)

117
Q

Venule

A

The smallest kind of vein

118
Q

Vertebrae

A

The 33 bones of the spinal column

119
Q

Volunary Muscle

A

Muscle that can be consciously controlled

120
Q

White Blood Cells

A

Components of the blood. They produce substances that help the body to fight infection

121
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

The inferior portion of the sternum

122
Q

Zygomatic Arches

A

Bones that form the structure of the cheeks

EMT - B (41 decks)

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