CH 5 and 6 Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Blood Pressure
The pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of the blood vessels. Usually arterial blood pressure (the pressure in an artery) is measured.
Brachial Artery
Artery of the upper arm; the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR
Bronchi
The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi Singular (Bronchus)
Buffer System
A system that helps manage the pH of the body to maintain it at a normal level
Calcaneus
The heel bone
Capillary
A thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body’s cells takes place
Cardiac Conduction System
A system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulates the heart to beat
Cardiac Muscle
Specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart
Cardiovascular System
The system made up of the heart (cardio), and the blood vessels (vascular). Vascular System
Carotid Artery
The large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head
Carpals
The Wrist bones
Central Nervous System
The brain and the spinal cord
Central Pulses
Carotid Femoral These can be felt in the central part of the body
Clavicle
The collarbone
Coronary Arteries
Blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart
Myocardium
The heart muscle
Cranium
Consists of: The top The back The sides of the skull
Cricoid Cartilage
The ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx
Dermis
The inner (second) layer of the skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis
Diaphragm
The muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity; a major muscle of respiration
Diastolic Blood Pressure
The pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is REFILLING
Digestive system
Systems by which food travels through the body and is digested, or broken down, into absorbable forms
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
Artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe
Endocrine System
System of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions
Epidermis
The outer layer of the skin
Epiglottis
A leaf shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea
Epinephrine
A hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions
Exhalation
A passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs
Femoral Artery (FEM-o-ral)
The major artery supplying the leg
Femur (FEE-mer)
The large bone of the thing
Fibula (FIB-u-luh)
The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
Gallbladder
A sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver
Humerus
The bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder of the elbow
Hypoperfusion
Inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to provide them with O2 and nutrients;
Is Hypoperfusion a TRUE life threatening condition?
YES
What is a another name for Hypoperfusion
Shock
Ilium
The superior and widest portion of the pelvis
Inhalation
An ACTIVE process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity, creating negative pressure in the chest, and and causing air to flow into the lungs
Insulin
A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics
Involuntary Muscles
Muscles that respond automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled
Ischium
The lower, posterior portions of the pelvis
Joint
The point where two bones come together
Kidneys
Organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels of the body
Large Intestine
The muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body towards excretion from the body
Larynx
The voice box
Ligament
Tissue that connects bone to bone
Liver
The largest organ of the body, which produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various substances in the body
Lungs
The organs where exchange exchange of atmospheric O2 and waste CO2 takes place