Question 1

``` H1). What describes the normal​ contraction, or​ beating, of the​ heart? A. Irregular B. Unsteady C. Voluntary D. Rhythmic ```

Accepted Answer

D. Rhythmic The​ contraction, or​ beating, of the heart is an​ automatic, involuntary process that is controlled by the​ heart's own natural​ "pacemaker" and the cardiac conduction system. It is rhythmic when​ normal, not irregular or​ unsteady, and the contraction of the heart is never voluntary

Question 2

``` 2). The first organ perfused by oxygenated blood leaving the heart is​ the: A. brain. B. heart. C. liver. D. lungs. ```

Accepted Answer

B. heart.

Question 3

``` 3). Which of the following cardiac patients is most likely to present without the typical presentation of chest​ discomfort? A. Athlete B. Female C. Bariatric patient D. Male ```

Accepted Answer

B. Female Acute coronary syndrome without pain is a relatively common finding in older​ adult, female, and diabetic patients.

Question 4

4). Which of the following is true of women who are experiencing cardiac​ problems? A.They often do not present with chest pain. B.They are more likely to experience​ stress-related chest pain. C.If they have no chest​ pain, they are rarely experiencing a heart attack. D.They often develop cardiac problems earlier in life than do men.

Accepted Answer

A.They often do not present with chest pain.

Question 5

``` 5). A​ 61-year-old female complains of feeling tired over the past 2 days. She also notes difficulty​ breathing, sweating, and nausea. You should​ suspect: A. menopause. B. acute coronary syndrome. C. a stroke. D. hypoglycemia. ```

Accepted Answer

B. acute coronary syndrome. Women often have an atypical presentation during​ ACS, so maintain a high index of suspicion when they present with cardiac signs and symptoms other than the typical chest discomfort.​ Weakness, nausea, difficulty​ breathing, and sweating are all signs that point to ACS.

Question 6

6). Which of the following is true of cardiac​ compromise? A. All adult chest pain patients should be given nitroglycerin and aspirin. B. The AED should be applied to all adult patients who are complaining of chest pain. C. There are no medications within the EMT scope that can help to limit damage to heart muscle. D. All adults with chest discomfort should be treated as having a cardiac emergency.

Accepted Answer

D. All adults with chest discomfort should be treated as having a cardiac emergency. Treat all adults with chest pain as having a possible cardiac emergency until instructed otherwise by medical direction. There are medications that can be given to limit​ damage, but these medications should not be given to everyone who is complaining of pain. An AED should not be applied to a conscious patient.

Question 7

``` 7). The mnemonic to remember when obtaining a description of the​ patient's chest pain​ is: A. SAMPLE. B. ​DCAP-BTLS. C. OPQRST. D. AVPU. ```

Accepted Answer

C. OPQRST. The mnemonic OPQRST stands for onset​, provocation​, quality​, radiation​, severity​, and time. This is a useful tool to help keep the EMT focused on what questions to ask a patient with chest pain.

Question 8

8). Nitroglycerin eases chest pain​ by: A. increasing the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by the blood in the lungs. B. relaxing blood vessels and decreasing the workload of the heart. C. relaxing the patient and reducing anxiety. D. constricting blood vessels and sending more blood back to the heart.

Accepted Answer

B. relaxing blood vessels and decreasing the workload of the heart. The vasodilatory effects of nitroglycerin include coronary​ vasodilation, which increases blood flow to the​ heart, and vasodilation of the peripheral​ vessels, which drops systemic resistance and makes it easier for the heart to eject blood into the aortic root.

Question 9

``` 9). A​ 65-year-old male complains of​ acute-onset chest pain. He says that he is also nauseated and weak. You note that he is sweaty and slightly​ pale, and his vital signs are P​ 110, BP​ 84/60, R 24. His oxygen saturation is​ 95% on room air. You should first​ administer: A. 12 lpm oxygen via nonrebreather mask. B. a balloon angioplasty. C. 324 mg of aspirin. D. 0.4 mg of nitroglycerin. ```

Accepted Answer

C. 324 mg of aspirin This patient is demonstrating signs of acute coronary syndrome. You should administer 324 mg of aspirin. Because the​ patient's oxygen saturation is normal and his condition is uncomplicated by respiratory​ distress, you do not need to immediately administer oxygen. His blood pressure is too low for nitroglycerin. A balloon angioplasty is a hospital treatment for AMI.

Question 10

``` 10). Your​ 49-year-old male patient complains of crushing substernal chest pain and a feeling of impending doom. He is taking no medications to prevent clotting. He is not allergic to aspirin. After receiving orders for baby​ aspirin, how many​ 81-mg tablets would you​ give? A. 2-4 B. 5-8 C. 1 D. 6 ```

Accepted Answer

A. 2-4 You should give 2-4 tablets ​(162-324 mg​ total) according to local protocols.

Question 11

``` 11). Cardiac arrest that occurs within 2 hours of the onset of chest pain or other symptoms is known​ as: A. sudden death. B. acute myocardial infarction. C. asystole. D. pulseless electrical activity. ```

Accepted Answer

A. sudden death.

Question 12

``` 12). Which of the following best describes a blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material brought to the site by the blood​ current? A. Thrombus B. Occlusion C. Aneurysm D. Embolism ```

Accepted Answer

D. Embolism An embolism is a blockage of a vessel by a clot or foreign material brought to the site by the blood current. A thrombus is a clot. An occlusion is simply a​ blockage, and does not necessarily require blood current to be involved. An aneurysm is the​ dilation, or​ ballooning, of a weakened section of the wall of an artery.

Question 13

``` 13). Which of the following is the most common site for an aneurysm leading to an emergency​ situation? A. Jugular vein B. Aorta C. Brachial artery D. Femoral artery ```

Accepted Answer

B. Aorta Although aneurysms can occur​ anywhere, the two most common locations for an aneurysm are the aorta and brain.

Question 14

14). Heart failure is defined​ as: A. the​ atrium's decreased volume transfer to the ventricle. B. the loss of the​ "atrial kick." C. aggravated sinus arrhythmia. D. the failure of the heart to pump blood with normal efficiency.

Accepted Answer

D. the failure of the heart to pump blood with normal efficiency.

Question 15

``` 15). A​ 58-year-old male complains of shortness of breath and has very little energy. He normally leads a very sedentary lifestyle. You note that he has swelling in the abdomen and buttocks and has edema to his lower extremities. What is most likely his​ problem? A. Pulmonary embolism B. An aortic aneurism C. Angina pectoris D. Congestive heart failure ```

Accepted Answer

D. Congestive heart failure Patients with congestive heart failure often have breathing​ difficulty, and pedal edema and swelling in the abdomen or buttocks are associated with inefficient pumping. Angina pectoris is chest​ pain, and can cause shortness of breath but not the edema and swelling. Pulmonary embolisms can cause shortness of breath but are often accompanied by chest pain. An aneurysm typically causes death from shock.

Question 16

16). A patient with acute pulmonary edema is suffering from what pathological change to the​ lungs? A. Decrease in alveolar capillary bed hydrostatic pressure B. Increase in amount of fluid filling the alveoli C. Decrease in surfactant levels in the alveoli D. Increase in alveolar capillary bed oncotic pressure

Accepted Answer

B. Increase in amount of fluid filling the alveoli When the left ventricle​ fails, pressure builds in the left atria and then in the pulmonary vein. Pressure in the pulmonary vein causes the capillaries surrounding the alveoli in the lungs to leak. Fluid creeps across the​ one-celled membrane of the capillaries and occupies space around and eventually in the alveoli itself. Fluid around the alveoli can cause the tiny air sacs to collapse. When fluid leaches into the​ alveoli, it occupies space where gas exchange used to occur.

Question 17

``` PT1). Administer oxygen to your chest pain patient to maintain an oxygen saturation level​ of: A. at least​ 90%. B. at least​ 94%. C. up to​ 94%. D. up to​ 100%. ```

Accepted Answer

B. at least​ 94%

Question 18

2) Which of the following is a contraindication for​ aspirin? A. Cardiovascular disease B. Inability to swallow without endangering airway C. Having taken nitroglycerin D. Liver disease

Accepted Answer

B. Inability to swallow without endangering airway

Question 19

``` 3) Which of the following refers to any condition in which the heart may not be getting enough​ oxygen? A. Angina pectoris B. Acute myocardial infarction C. Acute coronary syndrome D. Cardiac dysrhythmia ```

Accepted Answer

C. Acute coronary syndrome

Question 20

``` 4). An insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to an area of the body is​ called: A. ischemia. B. embolism. C. coronary artery disease. D. dyspnea. ```

Accepted Answer

A. ischemia.

Question 21

``` 5) Which of the following refers to chest pain that occurs when blood supply to the heart is reduced and a portion of the heart muscle is not receiving enough​ oxygen? A. Aneurysm B. Acute myocardial infarction C. Hypertension D. Angina pectoris ```

Accepted Answer

D. Angina pectoris

Question 22

``` 6) Your patient has a weakened section of the arterial wall that is ballooning. This is known as​ a(n): A. thrombus. B. aneurysm. C. occlusion. D. embolism. ```

Accepted Answer

B. aneurysm

Question 23

7) Contraindications for the administration of nitroglycerin include a​ patient: A. who is 22 years of age. B. who is suffering from hypertension. C. who recently took Viagra. D. who has already taken one dose of nitroglycerin without relief.

Accepted Answer

C. who recently took Viagra

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CH 20 Cardiac Emergencies Flashcards

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