CH 39 Hazardous Materials, Multiple Casualty Incident and Incident Management

Question 1

H-1) Which of the following is LEAST likely an effect of a hazardous​ material?
A. Irritates the eyes and respiratory tract
B. Produces pulmonary edema
C. Scalds if heated too high
D. Causes​ self-ignition of cellulose products

Answer 1

C. Scalds if heated too high

Water scalds if heated too high and is not a hazardous material. The other effects are​ self-produced by the materials​ themselves, and are the effects of certain hazardous materials.

Question 2

H-2) A substance is LEAST likely to be a hazardous material if​ it:
A. forms toxic hydrochloric acid fumes.
B. is flammable and explosive.
C. forms part of a daily diet.
D. damages the eyes and mucous membranes.

Answer 2

C. forms part of a daily diet.

No material that could be part of a daily diet could be a hazardous material. The other effects are hazards produced by various hazardous materials.

Question 3

H-3) Which of the following best describes the roles of Hazardous Materials​ Specialists?
A. They act as a liaison with​ federal, state,​ local, and other government authorities.
B. They are trained to recognize a problem and notify the appropriate agencies.
C. They keep at a safe distance and help to stop the emergency from spreading.
D. They​ plug, patch, or stop the release of a hazardous material.

Answer 3

A. They act as a liaison with​ federal, state,​ local, and other government authorities.

Hazardous Materials Specialists have advanced knowledge and​ skills, and act as a liaison with​ federal, state,​ local, and other government authorities with regard to site activities.

Question 4

H-4) Which level of training is required for hazardous materials responders who are first on the scene to protect​ people, property, and the​ environment?
A. Hazardous Materials Specialist
B. Hazardous Materials Technician
C. First Responder Operations
D. First Responder Awareness

Answer 4

C. First Responder Operations

The First Responder Operations level of training is required for those who respond initially to hazardous materials incidents to protect​ life, property, and the environment.

Question 5

H-5) To identify the exact substance an overturned chemical truck was​ carrying, the EMT would​ consult:
A. the hazardous materials placard.
B. the bill of lading.
C. the safety data sheet.
D. the shipping manifest.

Answer 5

B. the bill of lading.

Check​ invoices, bills of lading​ (trucks), and shipping manifests​ (trains). If you can safely obtain​ them, these documents will identify the exact substance being​ transported, the exact​ quantity, its place of​ origin, and its destination.

Question 6

H-6) You respond to a call for multiple medical patients who all passed out at the same time while working at a chemical processing plant. You strongly suspect a HAZMAT incident. Keeping your distance from the scene of the​ incident, you​ must:
A. look for fumes through binoculars before approaching.
B. attempt to identify the hazardous material and assess the severity of the situation.
C. wait for a HAZMAT team to arrive and assess the situation.
D. approach the scene only from an upwind direction.

Answer 6

B. attempt to identify the hazardous material and assess the severity of the situation.

You must make an attempt to identify the hazardous material and assess the severity of the situation. Until that is​ done, it will be difficult to determine the risk to the​ public, rescuers,​ patients, and the environment. You must try to find out what the substance is and what its properties and dangers might​ be; whether or not there is imminent danger of the contamination​ spreading; what you can​ hear, see, and​ smell; how many patients are​ involved; and if there is any danger of secondary contamination from the patients.

Question 7

H-7) Which of the following hazards is represented by the yellow area on an NFPA​ placard?
A. Health
B. Fire
C. Reactivity
D. Specific

Answer 7

C. Reactivity

Blue = Health
Red = Fire
White = Specific Hazard

Question 8

H-8) Division 1.6 of the hazard classification system​ identifies:
A. toxic materials.
B. dangerous wastes.
C. extremely insensitive detonating articles.
D. flammable gases.

Answer 8

C. extremely insensitive detonating articles.

Class 1 of the hazard classification system is explosives. Division 1.6 is extremely insensitive detonating articles.

Question 9

H-9) Which of the following must be identified in hazardous materials shipping​ manifests?
A. The temperature at which the material vaporizes
B. The origin of the shipment
C. The specific health hazards of the material
D. The specific gravity of the chemical

Answer 9

B. The origin of the shipment

The exact name of the​ substance, the quantity of the​ substance, its​ origin, and its destination are required information on shipping manifests.

Question 10

H-10) Which of the following is a reference that provides the names of chemicals and concise but thorough descriptions of the actions that should be taken in case of a HAZMAT​ emergency?
A. Emergency Response Guidebook
B. Poison control
C. NFPA
D. MSDS

Answer 10

A. Emergency Response Guidebook

The North American Emergency Response Guidebook​ (ERG) is a resource that provides the names of chemicals and concise but thorough descriptions of the actions that should be taken in case of a HAZMAT emergency.

Question 11

H-11) Which of the following tasks must be accomplished before a patient can leave the warm​ zone?
A. Decontamination
B. Packaging for transport
C. Debriefing about the nature of the exposure
D. A complete physical examination and history

Answer 11

A. Decontamination

Patients must be completely decontaminated before entering the cold​ zone, in order to avoid secondary contamination of​ responders, equipment,​ ambulances, and other personnel.

Question 12

H-12) Which of the following must be done before leaving the warm zone and entering the cold zone at a HAZMAT​ incident?
A. Donning a​ self-contained breathing apparatus
B. Requesting permission from incident command
C. Donning a fresh protective suit
D. Shedding all contaminated clothing

Answer 12

D. Shedding all contaminated clothing

Before entering the cold zone at a HAZMAT​ incident, the rescue team that was in the hot zone must be decontaminated and must shed all their contaminated clothing.

Question 13

H-13) What should responders do with any clothing that is worn in the warm or hot zones of a hazardous​ incident?
A. Change into scrubs on arriving at the hospital and place the clothing in hospital laundry
B. ​Red-bag the​ items, and place them in regular hospital biohazard containers
C. Isolate it and label it for disposal
D. On returning to​ station, remove the clothing and launder it in hot water for two cycles

Answer 13

C. Isolate it and label it for disposal

Question 14

H-14) Where is the safest zone to provide medical care of a patient who has been covered with a hazardous​ material?
A. In the cold zone after the patient has been decontaminated
B. In the cold zone before the patient has been decontaminated
C. In the warm zone while the patient is being decontaminated
D. In the hot zone before the patient has been decontaminated

Answer 14

A. In the cold zone after the patient has been decontaminated

The hot zone is the location of the​ danger, the warm zone is where the decontamination corridor is​ located, and the cold zone is a safe location for treatment of patients who have been decontaminated.

Question 15

H-15) A​ large-scale MCI creates a situation​ that:
A. is routine for EMTs to handle.
B. involves the release of and exposure to hazardous materials.
C. can typically be managed by 23 ambulance units.
D. tests the capabilities of even the​ best-trained EMTs.

Answer 15

D. tests the capabilities of even the​ best-trained EMTs

Though the principles of managing​ small- and​ large-scale MCIs are generally the​ same, large-scale MCIs unfold over a longer period of time and require greater support from outside agencies.​ Well-trained and practiced EMTs can usually cope with a​ small-scale MCI pretty well.​ However, experience has shown that even the​ best-trained EMTs have a difficult time managing an incident of greater magnitude.

Question 16

H-16) Which of the following statements regarding a​ small-scale MCI that expands into a​ large-scale MCI is most​ accurate?
A. There will be more variables for the responding EMTs to consider over a longer timeframe.
B. The EMTs will require authorization from medical control to perform any lifesaving technique they feel is necessary to contain the situation.
C. The EMTs will need to retreat to a staging area until more resources arrive.
D. The EMTs will draw on a completely different set of skills and techniques from anything they would use on a smaller scale.

Answer 16

A. There will be more variables for the responding EMTs to consider over a longer timeframe.

Though the principles of managing​ small- and​ large-scale MCIs are generally the​ same, large-scale MCIs unfold over a longer period of time and require greater support from outside agencies.​ Well-trained and practiced EMTs can usually cope with a​ small-scale MCI pretty well.​ However, experience has shown that even the​ best-trained EMTs have a difficult time managing an incident of greater magnitude

Question 17

H-17) Which of the following is needed for effective response to an​ MCI?
A. Public participation
B. Requesting and managing necessary resources
C. Media coverage
D. ​On-scene physicians

Answer 17

B. Requesting and managing necessary resources

Requesting and properly managing adequate resources are required for efficient response to an MCI.

Question 18

H-18) ​Ideally, on the scene of an​ MCI, those who directly communicate with command should​ be:
A. the EMTs who first arrived on scene.
B. only those individuals who are directly subordinate to command.
C. any newly arriving responders.
D. any personnel involved in triage efforts.

Answer 18

B. only those individuals who are directly subordinate to command.

The flow of communications at the scene of a​ large-scale MCI should correspond to the organizational chart being used.​ Accordingly, the only unit talking to the communications center and requesting resources is command. The only ones who talk to command are those directly subordinate to command. All others talk to only the officer or supervisor to whom they are assigned. These mandates should be addressed in your standard operating guidelines.

Question 19

H-19) EMS providers who become emotionally incapacitated during an MCI should​ be:
A. disciplined for shift abandonment.
B. assigned to noncritical patients.
C. treated as patients.
D. sent home immediately.

Answer 19

C. treated as patients.

Question 20

H-20) Which of the following words best describes the attitude EMTs should have when responding to an​ MCI?
A. Fearless
B. Unsympathetic
C. Vigilant
D. Aggressive

Answer 20

C. Vigilant

It is important for the responder to be vigilant for unhealthy behaviors brought about by stressful events.

Question 21

H-21) Surge capacity refers​ to:
A. a measurable representation of ability to manage a sudden influx of patients.
B. the formula for determining the number of ambulances to dispatch to a given incident.
C. the size of a staging area for a​ large-scale MCI.
D. the second wind EMTs often feel late in the response to an MCI.

Answer 21

A. a measurable representation of ability to manage a sudden influx of patients

Surge capacity is a measurable representation of ability to manage a sudden influx of patients. It is dependent on a​ well-functioning incident management system and the variables of​ space, supplies,​ staff, and any special considerations​ (contaminated or contagious​ patients, for​ example).

Question 22

H-22) The person responsible for communicating with sector officers and hospitals to manage transportation of patients to hospitals from a​ multiple-casualty incident is​ the:
A. staging supervisor.
B. transportation supervisor.
C. incident commander.
D. triage supervisor.

Answer 22

B. transportation supervisor.

The transportation supervisor is the person responsible for communicating with sector officers and hospitals to manage transportation of patients to hospitals from a​ multiple-casualty incident.

Question 23

H-23) You are assigned to the triage unit at an​ MCI, and you are going from patient to​ patient, assigning triage categories. Which of the following interventions is acceptable in this phase of the​ process?
A. Splinting fractures
B. Performing​ bag-valve-mask ventilations
C. Performing spinal immobilization
D. Opening the airway

Answer 23

D. Opening the airway

You must rapidly assess each remaining​ patient, stopping only to secure an airway or stop profuse bleeding. It is important that you not develop​ “tunnel ​vision” - spending time rendering additional care to any one patient and thus failing to identify and correct​ life-threatening conditions of the remaining patients.

Question 24

H-24) The first triage cut​ involves:
A. identifying the dead or fatally injured.
B. identifying those with serious but not​ life-threatening illnesses or injuries.
C. treating patients with​ life-threatening illnesses or injuries.
D. identifying the walking wounded.

Answer 24

D. identifying the walking wounded.

The first triage cut can be done rapidly by using a​ bullhorn, PA​ system, or loud voice to direct all patients capable of walking​ (Priority 3) to move to a particular area. This has a​ two-fold purpose. It quickly identifies the individuals who have an airway and​ circulation, and it physically separates them from patients who will generally need more care.

Question 25

H-25) Which of the following best describes secondary​ triage?
A. A more​ in-depth, head-to-toe assessment of the patient to better determine the​ patient’s status
B. Going back to patients who were presumed deceased to begin​ resuscitation, as resources allow
C. Taking a full set of vital signs and a comprehensive patient history
D. Checking the same criteria as in primary triage after the patient reaches the triage​ area, to determine whether a​ patient’s priority should be upgraded or downgraded

Answer 25

D. Checking the same criteria as in primary triage after the patient reaches the triage​ area, to determine whether a​ patient’s priority should be upgraded or downgraded

Secondary triage refers to the process of reassessing findings from primary triage to reclassify the​ patient, if necessary.

Question 26

H-26) Which of the following statements best explains the difference between primary triage and secondary​ triage?
A. Primary triage assigns a priority number to patients based on severity of​ condition; secondary triage organizes incoming resources to determine which responders are cleared to begin providing care.
B. ​Patients’ conditions may stabilize or deteriorate after primary triage has assigned them a priority based on their​ condition, requiring reassignment of priority for treatment and transport in secondary triage.
C. Primary triage is performed in the field to determine to which hospital to​ transport; secondary triage is performed in the hospital to determine how soon to treat the patient.
D. Primary triage is aimed at detecting immediate life​ threats; secondary triage is aimed at obtaining patient histories.

Answer 26

B. ​Patients’ conditions may stabilize or deteriorate after primary triage has assigned them a priority based on their​ condition, requiring reassignment of priority for treatment and transport in secondary triage.

Secondary triage is performed after primary triage to detect any changes in the​ patients’ priority for transport.

Question 27

H-27) At an​ MCI, which of the following is performed when the EMT first encounters an injured​ patient?
A. Secondary triage
B. Modified secondary assessment
C. Primary triage
D. Modified primary assessment

Answer 27

C. Primary triage

Question 28

H-28) The highest priority for treatment and transport at an MCI are patients who are triaged to which of the following​ categories?
A. Black
B. Green
C. Red
D. Yellow

Answer 28

C. Red

Green = Lowest
Yellow = Severe
Red = Critical
Black = Dead/Dying/Death Imminent

Question 29

H-29) Which of the following findings would result in a patient at an​ MCI’s being categorized as yellow in START​ triage?
A. Capillary refill​ <2 seconds, unable to follow commands
B. Not​ breathing, but begins breathing once the airway is open
C. Breathing​ <30 times per​ minute, radial pulse​ present, alert
D. Absent radial​ pulse, spontaneous breathing

Answer 29

C. Breathing​ <30 times per​ minute, radial pulse​ present, alert

To be placed in the yellow category in START​ triage, a patient must not have been able to move with the walking wounded and must be breathing fewer than 30 times per​ minute, have a radial pulse or capillary refill less than 2​ seconds, and be alert.

Question 30

H-30) Which of the following would place a patient as a Priority​ 1, or​ red, during START​ triage?
A. Breathing​ <30 times per​ minute, radial pulse​ present, alert
B. Not​ breathing, no pulse
C. Able to walk to a collection point in response to a bullhorn command
D. Respirations​ >30 per​ minute, absent radial​ pulse, and altered mental status

Answer 30

D. Respirations​ >30 per​ minute, absent radial​ pulse, and altered mental status

Respirations over​ 30, absent radial​ pulse, and altered mental status are criteria for category​ 1, or red.

Question 31

H-31) You are​ START-triaging a child who is not breathing. When you have opened the​ airway, the child does not begin breathing. Which of the following is the correct next​ step?
A. Tag the child as​ “black” and move on.
B. Give five rescue breaths.
C. Check the pupils for size and reactivity.
D. Begin chest compressions at a ratio of 30 compressions to two ventilations.

Answer 31

A. Tag the child as​ “black” and move on.

In START​ triage, a patient is categorized as​ “black” if, after opening the​ airway, the patient does not begin breathing.

Smaller incidents - a zero could be a 1

Question 32

H-32) Which of the following best describes the patients who are assigned to the green category in​ triage?
A. Deceased
B. Delayed
C. Minor
D. Immediate

Answer 32

C. Minor

The green category is used for patients with minor​ injuries, often referred to as​ “the walking​ wounded.”

Question 33

H-33) You have been assigned to the transport unit at an MCI. In what area will you await your assigned​ patient?
A. Base camp
B. Triage
C. Treatment
D. Staging

Answer 33

D. Staging

Ambulances wait in the staging area until requested for patient transport.

Question 34

H-34) Who is responsible for overseeing ambulances and ambulance personnel at an​ MCI?
A. The staging supervisor
B. The incident commander
C. The transportation officer
D. The safety officer

Answer 34

A. The staging supervisor

The staging supervisor is responsible for overseeing ambulance operations at an MCI.

Question 35

PT-1) What is the number of patients that generally serves as the lowest possible threshold for a​ multiple-casualty incident?
A. 15
B. 10
C. 2
D. 3

Answer 35

D. 3

Question 36

PT-2) An example of psychological first aid for a patient at an MCI​ is:
A. telling the patient that despite how it​ looks, everyone at the scene will be okay.
B. directing the patient to begin providing care to less critical patients.
C. asking the patient to consider the possibility the patient is in denial.
D. assuring the patient that everything the patient feels is normal and that responders are doing everything they can.

Answer 36

D. assuring the patient that everything the patient feels is normal and that responders are doing everything they can.

Question 37

PT-3) Field decontamination takes place in​ the:
A. hot zone.
B. cold zone.
C. safe zone.
D. warm zone.

Answer 37

D. warm zone.

Question 38

PT-4) What are the three criteria for assessing patients during​ triage?
A. Skin​ condition, pupil​ response, and grip strength
B. Ability to​ walk, cervical spine​ injury, and mental status
C. Ability to​ speak, level of​ orientation, and severity of injuries
D. ​Respiration, pulse, and mental status

Answer 38

D. ​Respiration, pulse, and mental status

Question 39

PT-5) Which of the following is a basic principle of​ disaster-preparedness planning?
A. Develop a proposal that requires more resources before planning can begin.
B. Develop a plan that can be activated only by the​ highest-ranking government official.
C. Develop very detailed plans that do not permit deviation from stated guidelines.
D. Prepare a plan that is​ specific, practical, and​ well-understood.

Answer 39

D. Prepare a plan that is​ specific, practical, and​ well-understood.

Question 40

PT-6)At what point should transport of the injured begin at an​ MCI?
A. After all​ “minor” patients have been directed to a treatment​ area, to relieve congestion at the scene
B. As soon as the first ambulance arrives
C. After all patients have been triaged
D. After triage has identified​ “immediate” category patients and transport has been coordinated through the treatment and transport units

Answer 40

D. After triage has identified​ “immediate” category patients and transport has been coordinated through the treatment and transport units

Question 41

PT-7) Which of the following sector officers or supervisors is responsible in​ large-scale incidents for the provision of restrooms and​ meals, and for the rotation of​ crews?
A. Command
B. Transportation
C. Staging
D. Supply

Answer 41

C. Staging

Question 42

PT-8) During triage of a​ 6-year-old patient, you discover that she is​ awake, breathing 28 times per​ minute, has a palpable​ pulse, and responds to verbal stimuli. The patient is not ambulatory. What is the correct triage category for this​ patient?
A. Green
B. Orange
C. Red
D. Yellow

Answer 42

D. Yellow

Question 43

PT-9) What should be done with an EMT who has become emotionally incapacitated at an​ MCI?
A. Treat the EMT as a​ patient, and remove the EMT to a place of rest
B. Talk to the EMT with calm empathy until the EMT feels better enough to return to duty
C. Review the​ EMT’s performance, to identify what went wrong
D. Direct the EMT to treat only Priority 3 patients

Answer 43

A. Treat the EMT as a​ patient, and remove the EMT to a place of rest

Question 44

PT-10) In which type of incident would unified command be most​ appropriate?
A. An incident that involves only EMS
B. More than three patients at a scene
C. An incident that involves only​ fire/rescue
D. Involvement of different branches of public safety

Answer 44

D. Involvement of different branches of public safety

Question 45

PT-11) Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of​ triage?
A. To treat the​ youngest, healthiest patients first
B. To treat all serious illnesses and injuries as they are discovered
C. To find and treat all of one​ patient’s injuries before moving on to the next patient
D. To prioritize patients in an MCI

Answer 45

D. To prioritize patients in an MCI

Question 46

PT-12) When you call an emergency response service or agency regarding hazardous​ materials, which information is LEAST​ relevant?
A. Nature and location of the problem
B. Injuries and exposures
C. Estimate of the quantity of material transported and released
D. How long ago you believe the incident might have begun

Answer 46

D. How long ago you believe the incident might have begun

Question 47

PT-13) Which of the following is the best choice for triage​ supervisor?
A. The oldest EMS provider
B. The​ highest-ranking EMS provider
C. The most knowledgeable EMS provider
D. The senior EMT

Answer 47

C. The most knowledgeable EMS provider

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Question 48

PT-14) A patient at an MCI is unresponsive but breathing 24 times per minutes with a strong radial pulse. To what triage category should the patient be​ assigned?
A. Black
B. Green
C. Red
D. Yellow

Answer 48

C. Red

Question 49

PT-15) Which of the following events is LEAST likely to create a​ multiple-casualty incident?
A. An outdoor stage collapse during a show at a state fair
B. A​ high-speed impact between a minivan and a sedan
C. A motorcycle collision with a guardrail
D. An apartment complex fire with confirmed entrapment

Answer 49

C. A motorcycle collision with a guardrail

Question 50

PT-16) Which of the following statements best describes the treatment that is acceptable during triage in​ MCIs?
A. Opening the airway and controlling severe bleeding
B. Applying cervical collars and opening the airway
C. Refraining from providing all treatment
D. Inserting oral or nasal airways and performing​ bag-valve-mask ventilations

Answer 50

A. Opening the airway and controlling severe bleeding

Question 51

PT-17) Which of the following is considered a valuable informational resource in dealing with hazardous materials​ incidents?
A. NSA
B. FEMA
C. CHEMTREC
D. DHS

Answer 51

C. CHEMTREC

Question 52

PT-18)  Which of the following zones designates where the hazardous materials contamination is actually​ present?
A. Hot zone
B. Contamination zone
C. Cold zone
D. Warm zone

Answer 52

A. Hot zone

Question 53

PT-19) At a hazardous materials​ incident, which of the following areas is used for triaging​ patients, performing necessary​ treatment, and stabilizing patients before​ transport?
A. Warm zone
B. Cold zone
C. Decon zone
D. Hot zone

Answer 53

B. Cold zone

Question 54

PT-20) You arrive at the scene of a potential hazardous materials incident and see several patients lying on the ground next to an overturned truck with what looks like chemicals leaking out of it in all directions. You​ should:
A. take a command position.
B. immediately act to save the patients.
C. approach cautiously.
D. call out to the patients to see if any can leave the area of the accident.

Answer 54

A. take a command position.

Question 55

PT-21) All patients leaving the site of a hazardous materials incident should be​ considered:
A. contaminated.
B. ​low-priority.
C. stable.
D. cleared for transport.

Answer 55

A. contaminated.

Question 56

PT-22) A hot zone​ is:
A. immediately identifiable with placards.
B. the area immediately surrounding a HAZMAT incident.
C. an area where the support functions for an incident response are located.
D. an area where personnel and equipment are decontaminated.

Answer 56

B. the area immediately surrounding a HAZMAT incident.

Question 57

PT-23) Which statement best describes the use of the​ “black” category in START​ triage?
A. Patients who have minor injuries and do not need immediate care
B. Patients who refuse treatment
C. Patients who are deceased or who are expected to die because they cannot maintain their airway or breathing
D. Patients who have immediate threats to​ life, including rapid​ respirations, poor​ perfusion, and altered mental status

Answer 57

C. Patients who are deceased or who are expected to die because they cannot maintain their airway or breathing

Question 58

PT-24) Which of the following best describes the required contents of shipping manifests associated with hazardous​ materials?
A. Name of the​ substance, quantity,​ origin, and destination
B. The levels of​ toxicity, flammability, and reactivity
C. Health​ hazards, flammability​ hazards, explosion​ hazards, and special hazards
D. Route of​ exposure, signs and​ symptoms, classification, and chemical structure

Answer 58

A. Name of the​ substance, quantity,​ origin, and destination

Question 59

PT-25) What is the purpose of secondary​ triage?
A. To reevaluate each​ patient’s priority for treatment and transport
B. To conduct a comprehensive examination of all patients
C. To assess patients who were not immediately found in the initial response
D. To perform START triage

Answer 59

A. To reevaluate each​ patient’s priority for treatment and transport

Question 60

PT-26) Which of the following is most likely to indicate the presence of released hazardous​ material?
A. A patient who is not breathing
B. Black smoke
C. Sudden irritation of the eyes
D. Fire

Answer 60

C. Sudden irritation of the eyes

Question 61

PT-27) What is the highest level of training for HAZMAT incidents under OSHA​ regulations?
A. ​On-Scene Incident Commander
B. First Responder Operations
C. Hazardous Materials Specialist
D. Hazardous Materials Technician

Answer 61

A. ​On-Scene Incident Commander

Question 62

PT-28) Which of the following is represented by the blue area of the NFPA 704​ placard?
A. Fire hazard
B. Specific hazards
C. Reactivity
D. Health hazard

Answer 62

D. Health hazard

Question 63

PT-29) A responder who has been assigned to decontamination has which of the following​ responsibilities?
A. Being willing to treat patients without wearing PPE that could cause secondary contamination
B. Providing contaminated PPE to responders heading back to the hot zone
C. Treating patients as they are received
D. Performing triage in PPE

Answer 63

D. Performing triage in PPE

Question 64

PT-30) Organization for a smaller MCI would​ involve:
A. command and a triage supervisor.
B. treatment and transportation supervisors.
C. aides to the triage supervisor.
D. site operations.

Answer 64

A. command and a triage supervisor.

Question 65

PT-31) During START​ triage, you encounter an adult patient who is not breathing. Which of the following actions is the next step you should​ take?
A. Check the​ patient’s pulse.
B. Assign the patient a black tag.
C. Start CPR.
D. Open the airway and reassess breathing.

Answer 65

D. Open the airway and reassess breathing.

Question 66

PT-32) A hazardous material incident would be LEAST likely to take​ place:
A. along a railroad.
B. on the highway.
C. in a factory
D. at a school.

Answer 66

D. at a school.

Question 67

PT-33) The area in which secondary triage takes place at a​ multiple-casualty incident is​ the:
A. transportation area.
B. warm zone.
C. triage area.
D. treatment area.

Answer 67

C. triage area.

Question 68

PT-34) In addition to toxicity and​ flammability, which of the following is among the harmful properties of hazardous​ materials?
A. Instability
B. Reactivity
C. Conversion
D. Solubility

Answer 68

B. Reactivity

Question 69

PT-35) Which of the following HAZMAT training levels requires at least 24 hours of​ training?
A. First Responder Awareness
B. Hazardous Materials Specialist
C. First Responder Operations
D. Hazardous Materials Technician

Answer 69

D. Hazardous Materials Technician

Question 70

PT-36) You are directed to establish a rehab area at a HAZMAT incident. You know that this area must​ be:
A. at least a quarter of a mile from the hot zone.
B. established within the warm zone.
C. away from the media and the public.
D. easily accessible to EMS units.

Answer 70

D. easily accessible to EMS units.

Question 71

CT-1) You are on the scene of a​ mass-casualty incident in which the grandstand at a race track has collapsed. As the triage​ officer, you have encountered a​ 14-year-old male whose leg has been amputated above the knee. He is responsive to verbal​ stimuli, and he has an open​ airway, shallow rapid​ breathing, and a​ weak, rapid carotid pulse. This patient would be classified as a Priority​ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ for treatment and transport.
A. 2
B. 1
C. 3
D. 4

Answer 71

B. 1

Question 72

CT-2) When transporting patients from the scene of a​ mass-casualty incident, who should be responsible for contacting the receiving​ hospital?
A. Transporting EMT
B. Incident commander
C. Triage officer
D. Transportation supervisor

Answer 72

D. Transportation supervisor

Question 73

CT-3) When responding to a​ multiple-casualty incident, staging refers to which of the​ following?
A. Setting up a triage center from the back of your ambulance
B. Waiting in a designated location until called upon by the designated section officer
C. Staying on station until called upon to receive a patient
D. Keeping a log of all patients transported

Answer 73

B. Waiting in a designated location until called upon by the designated section officer

Question 74

CT-4) Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment​ (START) is a system that relies on some simple commands and what three physiologic​ parameters?
A. ​Respiration, pulse, and mental status
B. ​Respiration, pain, and mental status
C. ​Respiration, sensory, and motor status
D. ​Circulation, sensory, and motor status

Answer 74

A. ​Respiration, pulse, and mental status

Question 75

CT-5) Which of the following are desirable characteristics of the​ “safe or cold​ zone” in a hazardous materials​ incident?
A. ​Downwind, downhill from the spill
B. ​Downwind, uphill from the spill
C. ​Upwind, uphill from the spill
D. ​Upwind, on the same level as the spill

Answer 75

D. ​Upwind, on the same level as the spill

Question 76

CT-6) As it pertains to hazardous​ materials, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires employers​ to:
A. document the appropriate level of training for each employee.
B. ensure there is at least one person​ on-site trained at the technician level.
C. train employees to handle any type of hazardous materials incident.
D. have knowledge of all hazardous materials on the premises

Answer 76

A. document the appropriate level of training for each employee.

Question 77

CT-7) You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this​ scenario:
Patient​ #3 is a​ 38-year-old female with the following vital​ signs: respirations​ 0, pulse​ 0, and nonresponsive.
A. Priority​ 3, green tag
B. Priority​ 1, red tag
C. Priority​ 4, black tag
D. Priority​ 2, yellow tag

Answer 77

C. Priority​ 4, black tag

Question 78

CT-8) Disaster plans are a predefined set of instructions that should be written to address the events that are conceivable for a particular location. They should also​ be:
A. ​written, realistic, and rehearsed.
B. well​ publicized, multijurisdictional, and rehearsed.
C. well​ publicized, realistic, and rehearsed.
D. ​written, multijurisdictional, and rehearsed.

Answer 78

C. well​ publicized, realistic, and rehearsed.

Written
Well Publicized
Multi-Jurisdictional
Rehearsed

Question 79

CT-9) Which of the following agencies have developed regulations for dealing with hazardous materials​ emergencies?
A. NAEMT and NHTSA
B. OSHA and EPA
C. DOT and FCC
D. NHTSA and NRC

Answer 79

B. OSHA and EPA

Question 80

CT-10) You are called to a garden center where four shoppers have collapsed after a section of shelving fell and dumped hazardous products on the floor. When you arrive on the​ scene, you​ should:
A. recognize a HAZMAT​ incident, dress in a Tyvek​ suit, secure the scene by limiting​ access, isolate the possible contaminated from the​ noncontaminated, and request HAZMAT response.
B. recognize a HAZMAT​ incident, secure the scene by limiting​ access, isolate the possible contaminated from the​ noncontaminated, and request HAZMAT response.
C. secure the scene​ quickly, triage each​ patient, and move to fresh air.
D. recognize a HAZMAT​ incident, dress in a Tyvek​ suit, access the scene to identify the spilled​ product, secure the MSDS​ sheets, and remove victims to fresh air.

Answer 80

B. recognize a HAZMAT​ incident, secure the scene by limiting​ access, isolate the possible contaminated from the​ noncontaminated, and request HAZMAT response.

Question 81

CT-11) You are beginning triage at the scene of a​ mass-casualty incident in which a commuter train has derailed. Which of the following should you do​ first?
A. Do a quick pulse check on all patients at the scene.
B. Identify all Priority 1 patients.
C. Announce that everyone who can get up and walk needs to go to the parking lot of a nearby building.
D. Check the airway status of all patients who do not appear to be moving.

Answer 81

C. Announce that everyone who can get up and walk needs to go to the parking lot of a nearby building.

Question 82

CT-12) EMS operations generally include which six​ areas?
A. ​Extrication, Staging,​ Triage, Treatment,​ Transportation, and Rehabilitation
B. ​Extrication, Operations,​ Logistics, Triage,​ Finance, and Transportation
C. ​Extrication, Staging,​ Logistics, Triage,​ Operations, and Transportation
D. ​Extrication, Staging,​ Triage, Air​ operations, Transportation, and Rehabilitation

Answer 82

A. ​Extrication, Staging,​ Triage, Treatment,​ Transportation, and Rehabilitation

Question 83

CT-13) Which of the following is a principle of effective Incident​ Command?
A. Command is most effective when one person is responsible for no more than seven other people.
B. The command location must not be revealed to anyone on the scene.
C. ​Police, fire, and EMS must establish separate command locations.
D. None of the above

Answer 83

A. Command is most effective when one person is responsible for no more than seven other people.

(Page 1194 “manageable span of control to be between 3-7 people)

Question 84

CT-14) Which of the following is not the role of the first arriving EMT at the scene of a possible hazardous materials​ emergency?
A. Requesting special resources to respond
B. Recognizing a hazardous materials emergency
C. Establishing a safe zone
D. Rescuing any victims still in the area of the spill

Answer 84

D. Rescuing any victims still in the area of the spill

Question 85

CT-15) You are called to a local hardware store for a male patient complaining of difficulty breathing. As you pull into the parking​ lot, you notice several people in front of the building coughing and in obvious distress. What would be an appropriate course of action at this​ point?
A. Locate the patient for whom you were requested and begin treatment while another ambulance is en route for the other patients.
B. Request a hazardous materials incident response and begin treating all patients displaying respiratory difficulties.
C. Move the people with respiratory difficulties to a distant corner of the parking lot and set up a treatment sector.
D. Evaluate the scene further for indications of a hazardous environment and request a hazardous materials response.

Answer 85

D. Evaluate the scene further for indications of a hazardous environment and request a hazardous materials response.

Question 86

CT-16) When several agencies work independently but​ cooperatively, rather than one agency exercising control over the​ others, this is​ called:
A. ICS.
B. NIMS.
C. single incident command.
D. unified command.

Answer 86

D. unified command.

Question 87

CT-17) ICS recognizes that the manageable span of control​ is:
A. 12 people.
B. 24 people.
C. 18 people.
D. 7 people.

Answer 87

D. 7 people.

Question 88

CT-18) In which of the following settings should the EMT be alert to the possibility of hazardous materials​ emergencies?
A. Farm service agencies
B. Manufacturing industries
C. Shipping ports
D. All of the above

Answer 88

D. All of the above

Question 89

CT-19) What is the process that removes the biological​ (etiological) contamination hazards because it destroys microorganisms and their​ toxins?
A. Emulsification
B. Dilution
C. Absorption
D. Disinfection

Answer 89

D. Disinfection

Question 90

CT-20) When grossly decontaminating a patient who is not wearing personal protective equipment in a hazardous materials​ incident, which of the following techniques should be​ used?
A. Scrubbing with a​ long-handled brush
B. Sponging with a dilute solution of water and white vinegar
C. Using a high pressure water jet system
D. Taking a​ low-pressure decontamination shower

Answer 90

D. Taking a​ low-pressure decontamination shower

Question 91

CT-21) Which of the following is a function of the rehabilitation area in a hazardous materials​ incident?
A. Providing for hydration of rescue crews
B. Performing medical assessment of rescue crews
C. Taking baseline vital signs before rescuers enter the operations area
D. All of the above

Answer 91

D. All of the above

Question 92

CT-22) ​\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the response​ agency, established in​ Washington, DC, as a service of the Chemical Manufacturers Association that can provide either you or your dispatcher with information about the hazardous material and contact the shipper to provide you with information about the material.
A. CHEMTREC
B. OSHA
C. ERG
D. EPA

Answer 92

A. CHEMTREC

Question 93

CT-23) Which of the following should be considered during the scene​ size-up of a hazardous materials​ emergency?
A. Identification of the substance
B. The properties and potential dangers of the substance
C. Potential for spread of the substance
D. All of the above

Answer 93

D. All of the above

Question 94

CT-24) Who is the person in charge of tracking the​ patient's final​ destination?
A. Staging officer
B. Treatment officer
C. Transportation supervisor
D. Incident Commander

Answer 94

C. Transportation supervisor

Question 95

CT-25) You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this​ scenario:
Patient​ #5 is a​ 17-year-old male with the following vital​ signs: respirations​ 18, pulse​ 104, alert,​ crying, and wanting his​ mother; he is ambulatory.
A. Priority​ 1, red tag
B. Priority​ 3, green tag
C. Priority​ 2, yellow tag
D. Priority​ 4, black tag

Answer 95

B. Priority​ 3, green tag

Question 96

CT-26) You are just leaving the scene of a​ multiple-casualty incident with two Priority 1 patients. Which of the following is appropriate regarding​ communication?
A. Allow the transportation supervisor to notify the receiving facility.
B. Have dispatch relay your patient reports to the receiving facility.
C. Notify the receiving facility by radio of the nature of the​ patients’ injuries.
D. Notify the receiving hospital by cellular phone of the nature of the​ patients’ injuries.

Answer 96

A. Allow the transportation supervisor to notify the receiving facility.

Question 97

CT-27) You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this​ scenario:
Patient​ #2 is an​ 8-year-old male with the following vital​ signs: respirations​ 22, pulse​ 102, and alert mental status with warm dry skin.
A. Priority​ 4, black tag
B. Priority​ 1, red tag
C. Priority​ 2, yellow tag
D. Priority​ 3, green tag

Answer 97

D. Priority​ 3, green tag

Question 98

CT-28) Which of the following is a feature of a good disaster​ plan?
A. It is specific to the geographical location.
B. It has been practiced in mock disasters.
C. It is based on the availability of resources in a particular area.
D. All of the above

Answer 98

D. All of the above

Question 99

CT-29) You are on the scene of a riot following a decision in a controversial court case. A large group of people have set fire to​ vehicles, broken​ windows, and assaulted people in the area. Which of the following would be the best method of incident​ command?
A. Single incident command by EMS
B. Single incident command by law enforcement
C. Unified command by​ police, fire, and EMS
D. Single incident command by fire service

Answer 99

C. Unified command by​ police, fire, and EMS

Question 100

CT-30) What source will provide first aid information about hazardous materials for employees at a work​ site?
A. Shipping manifest
B. Placard
C. Bill of lading
D. Safety Data Sheets

Answer 100

D. Safety Data Sheets

Question 101

CT-31) You are on the scene of a church bus​ roll-over collision. There are 30 passengers involved. As triage​ officer, which one of the following patients should you assign the highest​ priority?
A. Unresponsive​ 9-year-old male with an open skull fracture who is in cardiac arrest
B. ​35-year-old pregnant woman with a cut on her​ head, neck​ pain, and numbness and tingling in her arms
C. ​30-year-old man with multiple lower extremity fractures who is​ awake, has a strong radial​ pulse, and is complaining of severe pain
D. ​70-year-old woman who is awake but having difficulty breathing and has absent lung sounds on the right side

Answer 101

D. ​70-year-old woman who is awake but having difficulty breathing and has absent lung sounds on the right side

Question 102

CT-32) Which of the following is not a desirable characteristic of the rehabilitation area of a hazardous materials​ incident?
A. It is located in the warm zone.
B. It is large enough to accommodate multiple rescue crews.
C. It is protected from weather elements.
D. It allows for rapid reentry to the emergency operation.

Answer 102

A. It is located in the warm zone.

Question 103

CT-33) An area near a hazardous materials incident that is upwind from the incident and on the same level is a good location for​ a:
A. treatment zone.
B. safe zone.
C. hot zone.
D. danger zone.

Answer 103

B. safe zone.

Question 104

CT-34) Which of the following is not a responsibility of an EMT at the scene of a hazardous materials​ emergency?
A. Rehabilitating the HAZMAT team
B. Decontaminating injured victims
C. Treating injured patients
D. Staying in the cold zone

Answer 104

B. Decontaminating injured victims

Question 105

CT-35) You are an EMT on the scene of a​ mass-casualty incident in which there are 50 patients from a bus​ roll-over. Incident Command has been established and​ EMS, law​ enforcement, and rescue sectors are established. You have just discovered that one of the bus passengers was carrying a suspicious package that is now leaking a white powdery substance. Which of the following entities should you contact about​ this?
A. EMS officer
B. Incident Commander
C. Dispatch
D. Rescue officer

Answer 105

A. EMS officer

Question 106

CT-36) What constitutes a​ multiple-casualty incident​ (MCI)?
A. An incident with 3 to 15 patients that the service handles without calling for additional resources
B. An event that unfolds over a long period of time and requires​ federal, state, and local response
C. An event that places a great demand on EMS equipment and personnel resources
D. Any event that requires additional ambulances to adequately transport the patients from the scene

Answer 106

C. An event that places a great demand on EMS equipment and personnel resources

Question 107

CT-37) Johnny is an EMT with a local ambulance service. As part of his​ job, he is trained to recognize the existence of a potentially dangerous scene involving hazardous materials and know when to request a HAZMAT response.​ Johnny's level of hazardous materials training is at the​ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ level.
A. First Responder Awareness
B. Hazardous Materials Specialist
C. Hazardous Materials Technician
D. First Responder Operations

Answer 107

A. First Responder Awareness

Question 108

CT-38) Where is the decontamination corridor located where​ patients, personnel, and equipment are​ decontaminated?
A. Cold zone
B. Warm zone
C. Hot zone
D. Cool zone

Answer 108

B. Warm zone

Question 109

CT-39) Which of the following is a resource for specific actions to be taken by personnel dealing with a hazardous materials​ incident?
A. Medical protocols
B. Medical dictionary
C. Emergency Response Guidebook
D. Food and Drug Administration​ (FDA) toll-free hotline

Answer 109

C. Emergency Response Guidebook

Question 110

CT-40) Soraya is an EMT who volunteers for a local fire department. On the scene of a hazardous materials​ incident, she helps prevent the incident from becoming larger and ensures bystanders remain safe.​ Soraya's level of hazardous materials training is at the​ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ level.
A. First Responder Operations
B. Hazardous Materials Specialist
C. First Responder Awareness
D. Hazardous Materials Technician

Answer 110

A. First Responder Operations

Question 111

CT-41) Which of the following is not a mechanism of decontamination from hazardous​ materials?
A. Emulsification
B. Disposal
C. Disinfection
D. Deodorization

Answer 111

D. Deodorization

Question 112

CT-42) Which of the following personal protective items must be used by EMS personnel caring for patients in a hazardous materials​ emergency?
A. Structural firefighting gear
B. HEPA mask
C. Tyvek or other chemical impermeable coveralls
D. Chemical permeable gloves

Answer 112

C. Tyvek or other chemical impermeable coveralls

Question 113

CT-43) At​ 0330, you respond to the scene of an overturned tanker truck. What organization could you contact to obtain information about the liquid the truck is​ carrying?
A. Environmental Protection Agency​ (EPA)
B. ​CHEM-TEL
C. Regional poison control center
D. CHEMTREC

Answer 113

D. CHEMTREC

Question 114

CT-44) Signs that identify the hazardous material contained within a transport vehicle are​ called:
A. panels.
B. placards.
C. warnings.
D. indicators.

Answer 114

B. placards.

Question 115

CT-45) Which of the following is not an acceptable way of attempting to identify a hazardous​ material?
A. Checking the safety data sheet
B. Using binoculars to obtain information from the placard on a container
C. Asking the driver of the​ tractor-trailer truck involved in the incident
D. Collecting a sample of the material for laboratory analysis

Answer 115

D. Collecting a sample of the material for laboratory analysis

Question 116

CT-46) In which of the following zones is the EMT expected to be staged at the scene of a hazardous materials​ incident?
A. Hot zone
B. Cold zone
C. Warm zone
D. Ground zero

Answer 116

B. Cold zone

Question 117

CT-47) You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you only have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this​ scenario:
Patient​ #4 is a​ 13-year-old female with the following vital​ signs: respirations​ 8, pulse​ 124, and nonresponsive with blood from the ears and nose.
A. Priority​ 3, green tag
B. Priority​ 1, red tag
C. Priority​ 4, black tag
D. Priority​ 2, yellow tag

Answer 117

B. Priority​ 1, red tag

Question 118

CT-48) When seeking expert advice on how to proceed at a hazardous materials​ incident, which of the following information is important to​ provide?
A. An estimate of the amount of the substance involved
B. Your level of EMS certification
C. Your background in chemistry
D. Both A and B

Answer 118

A. An estimate of the amount of the substance involved

Question 119

CT-49) Which of the following is the most common type of​ multiple-casualty incident that EMS providers will respond​ to?
A. Structure fires
B. Automobile collisions
C. Outbreaks of influenza
D. Hazardous materials incidents

Answer 119

B. Automobile collisions

Question 120

CT-50) The senior EMT on the first vehicle that arrives on a scene with multiple patients should assume which of the following roles until relieved by a senior​ official?
A. Transportation supervisor
B. Triage supervisor
C. Incident Command of the scene
D. Commander of the entire incident

Answer 120

C. Incident Command of the scene

Question 121

CT-51) You are in charge of your​ department's personnel at the scene of a​ mass-casualty incident. As the incident​ progresses, you request additional​ resources, and a neighboring department assists you. As part of this​ department's response, a battalion chief responds to oversee operations. At the command​ post, you and the battalion chief work together to manage the incident. This cooperative management effort is known​ as:
A. redundant command.
B. dual command.
C. unified command.
D. incident command.

Answer 121

C. unified command.

Question 122

CT-52) With START​ triage, when you arrive on the​ scene, you ask all the patients who can walk to move to one area. These patients are categorized​ as:
A. yellow tagged.
B. red tagged.
C. Priority 3 walking wounded.
D. Priority 4 walking wounded.

Answer 122

C. Priority 3 walking wounded.

Question 123

CT-53) To respond to a hazardous materials​ incident, the EMT should be trained at which​ level?
A. Technician
B. Awareness
C. Specialist
D. Operations

Answer 123

B. Awareness

Question 124

CT-54) You arrive on the scene where a school bus has been hit by a train. The bus was in its early stages of picking up students and you have 5 patients. Your closest unit is 30 minutes away. Triage this patient based on this​ scenario:
Patient​ #1 is a​ 16-year-old female with the following vital​ signs: respirations​ 28, pulse​ 132, and altered mental status with cool clammy skin.
A. Priority​ 1, red tag
B. Priority​ 4, black tag
C. Priority​ 3, green tag
D. Priority​ 2, yellow tag

Answer 124

A. Priority​ 1, red tag

Question 125

CT-55) Using START triage​ guidelines, a patient on the scene of a​ mass-causality incident who is alert and able to walk is deemed a​ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ patient.
A. Priority 2
B. Priority 1
C. Priority 3
D. Priority 0

Answer 125

C. Priority 3

Question 126

CT-56) Using START triage​ guidelines, a patient on the scene of a​ mass-causality incident who is not breathing​ initially, but begins breathing when the airway is​ open, is deemed a​ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ patient.
A. Priority 2
B. Priority 1
C. Priority 3
D. Priority 0

Answer 126

B. Priority 1

Question 127

CT-57) Using START triage​ guidelines, a patient on the scene of a​ mass-causality incident who has no pulse is deemed a​ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ patient.
A. Priority 3
B. Priority 1
C. Priority 0
D. Priority 2

Answer 127

C. Priority 0

Question 128

CT-58) Eduardo is an EMT for a major metropolitan fire department. He is assigned to a station within an industrial complex. On the scene of a hazardous materials​ incident, Eduardo functions on a team where he plugs a leaking drum.​ Eduardo's level of hazardous materials training is at the​ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ level.
A. First Responder Operations
B. Hazardous Materials Specialist
C. First Responder Awareness
D. Hazardous Materials Technician

Answer 128

D. Hazardous Materials Technician

Question 129

CT-59) Which of the following actions may need to be taken by the EMT when treating and transporting a patient who was exposed​ to, and contaminated​ by, a hazardous​ material?
A. Wearing heavy cloth gloves
B. Placing towels on the floor of the ambulance to soak up contaminated runoff water
C. Disposing of patient care equipment such as blood pressure cuffs and backboards
D. Wearing a​ gown, mask, and goggles to prevent secondary contamination

Answer 129

C. Disposing of patient care equipment such as blood pressure cuffs and backboards

Question 130

CT-60) Andrea is an EMS supervisor with a combined​ EMS/Fire department. On the scene of a hazardous materials​ incident, she acts as a liaison with​ federal, state, and local authorities.​ Andrea's level of hazardous materials training is at the​ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ level.
A. First Responder Operations
B. Hazardous Materials Technician
C. First Responder Awareness
D. Hazardous Materials Specialist

Answer 130

D. Hazardous Materials Specialist