Question 1

H-1) The purpose of the spleen is​ to: A. filter nutrients from the blood and store glucose. B. hold bile that aids in the digestion of fats. C. aid in digestion and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. D. filter blood and aid in the immune response.

Accepted Answer

D. filter blood and aid in the immune response. (Page 727) The spleen is an​ elongated, oval, solid organ located in the left upper quadrant behind and to the side of the stomach. It aids in the immune response as well as filtering the blood.

Question 2

``` H-2) Which of the following organs helps to regulate carbohydrate levels and detoxify the​ blood? A. Liver B. Pancreas C. Stomach D. Kidney ```

Accepted Answer

A. Liver Page 727 The liver has many​ functions, including regulation of carbohydrate levels and detoxification of the blood.

Question 3

``` H-3) Absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract is performed in​ the: A. stomach. B. large intestine. C. transverse colon. D. small intestine. ```

Accepted Answer

D. small intestine. (Page 728 - Table 26-1) The small intestine is a​ tube-like structure that begins at the distal end of the stomach and ends at the beginning of the large intestine. Its digestive function is to absorb nutrients from intestinal contents.

Question 4

``` H-4) ​"Tearing" abdominal pain is most likely caused by an emergency involving​ the: A. aorta. B. gallbladder. C. pancreas. D. large intestine. ```

Accepted Answer

A. aorta. (Page 727) Most abdominal structures cannot sense​ "tearing" pain. The exceptions are the aorta and the stomach

Question 5

``` H-5) Abdominal pain that is​ sharp, constant, and localized is​ called: A. radiating. B. visceral. C. parietal. D. diffuse. ```

Accepted Answer

C. parietal (Page 730) Parietal pain arises from the parietal peritoneum​ (lining of the abdominal​ cavity), and is typically​ sharp, constant, and localized.

Question 6

H-6) The mechanism behind tearing pain in an abdominal aortic aneurysm​ is: A. an injury that occurs to the inner layer of the​ aorta, causing leaking of blood to the outer layers. B. a tearing of the parietal peritoneum near the aorta. C. the pulling away of the aorta from its supporting structures. D. pressures imposed on the aorta from outside the abdominal cavity.

Accepted Answer

A. an injury that occurs to the inner layer of the​ aorta, causing leaking of blood to the outer layers (Page 730) In cases of an expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm​ (AAA), the inner layer of the aorta is damaged and blood leaks from the inner portions of the vessel to the outer layers. This causes a tearing of the vessel​ lining, and causes pockets of blood that rest in a weak area of the vessel. Much like a​ balloon, the area of collected blood creates an expanding pouch in the blood vessel wall. This is often sensed as a​ "tearing" pain in the back.

Question 7

``` H-7) Pain that may be described as​ intermittent, crampy, or colicky often comes​ from: A. hollow organs of the abdomen. B. solid organs of the abdomen. C. the epigastric region. D. the peritoneum. ```

Accepted Answer

A. hollow organs of the abdomen (Page 730) Pain that may be described as​ intermittent, crampy, or colicky often comes from the hollow organs of the abdomen. It is known as visceral pain.

Question 8

H-8) Referred pain from cholecystitis typically presents​ as: A. radiating pain to the shoulder. B. pain in the left upper region of the abdomen after eating a meal. C. pain felt in the left upper region of the abdomen. D. pain that radiates down the right leg.

Accepted Answer

A. radiating pain to the shoulder. (Page 731) The patient with this condition will experience severe and sometimes sudden right upper quadrant​ (RUQ) and/or epigastric​ (upper central abdomen just below the xiphoid​ process) pain, which may radiate to the shoulder.

Question 9

``` H-9) A pain in the shoulder that is a common complaint associated with ectopic pregnancies is​ called: A. visceral pain. B. parietal pain. C. referred pain. D. tearing pain. ```

Accepted Answer

C. referred pain. The term referred pain describes pain that is referred to a region other than the one where the source of the pain lies. Referred pain into the shoulder is a common complaint associated with ectopic pregnancies.

Question 10

``` H-10) You respond to the scene of a​ 22-year-old male who was squatting​ "heavy weights" when he experienced sudden and severe lower midabdominal pain. While assessing the​ patient, he denies any radiating​ pain, stating that most of his pain​ "is near his​ groin." Based on these​ findings, from what is the patient most likely​ suffering? A. A hernia B. GI bleeding C. Appendicitis D. An abdominal evisceration ```

Accepted Answer

A. A hernia Rapid onset of abdominal pain while heavy lifting may cause the intestines to push through a weakened area in the abdominal​ wall, creating a hernia.

Question 11

``` H-11) The pain from a myocardial infarction is often described​ as: A. shoulder pain. B. severe heart pain. C. indigestion or digestive discomfort. D. right upper quadrant pain. ```

Accepted Answer

C. indigestion or digestive discomfort The pain from a myocardial infarction is often described as indigestion or digestive discomfort because it is commonly felt in the epigastric region.

Question 12

``` H-12) Your patient is a​ 58-year-old male who is complaining of a sudden onset of​ severe, constant abdominal​ pain, radiating to the lower back. He describes the pain as​ "tearing." When you palpate the​ area, you note a pulsating abdominal mass. You​ suspect: A. esophageal varices. B. an intestinal obstruction. C. an ulcer. D. an abdominal aortic aneurysm. ```

Accepted Answer

D. an abdominal aortic aneurysm. An abdominal aortic aneurysm​ (AAA) is a​ weakened, ballooned, and enlarged area of the wall of the abdominal aorta. The aneurysm may eventually​ rupture, and is one of the most lethal causes of abdominal pain.

Question 13

H-13) You respond to a scene where a​ 67-year-old male presents as​ pale, cool, and diaphoretic. He states he has severe midabdominal pain that began​ "about an hour​ ago." What assessment finding would lead you to suspect a large arterial GI​ bleed? A. ​Dark, tarry stools B. Right upper quadrant abdominal pain C. Bright red vomitus D. Rebound tenderness in right lower quadrant

Accepted Answer

C. Bright red vomitus Patient suffering from GI bleeds may present in different ways. The difference in presentation of signs and symptoms depends largely on which vessel is the source of hemorrhage. Small bleeds may resolve themselves or result in chronic gastrointestinal​ hemorrhage, with associated signs and symptoms appearing over a longer period of time. Large arterial GI bleeds are acute and associated with severe pain as well as bright red blood from the rectum or in the vomit.

Question 14

``` H-14) You are treating a patient who has​ sudden-onset stomach pain. The​ 56-year-old male patient states he was mowing his yard when he began having​ sharp, stabbing pain in his epigastric region. He feels it may be from the lunch he ate 15 minutes prior to your arrival. What is the best way to manage this​ patient? A. Treat for abdominal aortic aneurysm B. Treat for hernia C. Treat for renal colic D. Treat for myocardial infarction ```

Accepted Answer

D. Treat for myocardial infarction All patients with epigastric abdominal pain should be considered cardiac in nature until proven otherwise. Contact medical direction to treat for possible myocardial infarction.

Question 15

``` H-15) After exposing the abdomen of a patient experiencing abdominal​ pain, you​ would: A. conduct a primary assessment. B. palpate the abdominal quadrants. C. perform a scene​ size-up. D. obtain the​ patient's history. ```

Accepted Answer

B. palpate the abdominal quadrants. After exposing the abdomen of a patient experiencing abdominal​ pain, you would proceed by palpating the abdominal quadrants and conducting any other necessary physical examinations.

Question 16

``` H-16) A patient with abdominal pain and experiencing airway problems should be transported​ in: A. the left lateral recumbent position. B. a supine position. C. a position of comfort. D. a prone position. ```

Accepted Answer

A. the left lateral recumbent position A patient with abdominal pain and experiencing airway problems should be transported in the left lateral recumbent position

Question 17

``` H-17) What is a potential problem of asking a patient directly if she is​ pregnant? A. She almost certainly is not. B. She most likely will not answer. C. She most likely will lie. D. She may not know. ```

Accepted Answer

D. She may not know A potential problem of asking a patient directly if she is pregnant is that she may not know. Some patients may not even be fully aware of how one becomes pregnant. Some may not realize that even if they have used birth control devices or​ techniques, they could be pregnant

Question 18

H-18) For a female of childbearing age who is experiencing abdominal​ pain, you​ should: A. only ask questions related to pregnancy if the patient looks pregnant. B. hint that you think the problem is because of pregnancy without directly asking anything related to it. C. ask questions regarding menstruation or pregnancy while assuring the​ patient's privacy. D. respect the​ patient's privacy and not ask invasive questions about menstruation or pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

C. ask questions regarding menstruation or pregnancy while assuring the​ patient's privacy The questions you will need to ask of a female in her childbearing years who is suffering abdominal pain are highly personal but important to include in the history. Ask the questions​ directly, with the terminology taught in class. If the patient senses you are not at ease asking the​ questions, she will be uneasy answering them. Assuring privacy for the patient while you ask these questions may help communication.​ Remember, this is important assessment information.

Question 19

``` PT-1) ​Dull, achy abdominal pain that is difficult to locate is​ called: A. tearing pain. B. referral pain. C. visceral pain. D. parietal pain. ```

Accepted Answer

C. visceral pain.

Question 20

``` PT-2) What type of bleeding is most likely associated with​ dark, tarry​ stool? A. External bleeding B. Esophageal varices C. GI bleeding D. Cholecystitis ```

Accepted Answer

C. GI bleeding

Question 21

``` PT-3) Pancreatitis is common​ in: A. asthma patients. B. younger patients. C. chronic alcoholics. D. vegetarians. ```

Accepted Answer

C. chronic alcoholics

Question 22

PT-4) Pain from appendicitis​ begins: A. in the right​ shoulder, and is followed by persistent pain in the umbilicus. B. in the right lower​ quadrant, and is followed by persistent pain in the left lower quadrant. C. in the area of the​ umbilicus, and is followed by persistent pain in the right lower quadrant. D. in the area of the right​ shoulder, and is followed by persistent pain in the right lower quadrant.

Accepted Answer

C. in the area of the​ umbilicus, and is followed by persistent pain in the right lower quadrant.

Question 23

PT-5) Why does referred pain​ occur? A. Because the nerve endings near the origin of the pain have been destroyed B. Because nerve pathways are shared by more than one body part C. Because adjacent visceral structures are also involved in the disease process D. Because of patient​ misperception, because it is not true pain

Accepted Answer

B. Because nerve pathways are shared by more than one body part

Question 24

``` PT-6) Your patient complains of epigastric pain. He tells you he thinks his problem is​ indigestion, but he took several antacids before your​ arrival, and they provided no relief. You should​ suspect: A. expired antacids. B. a diabetic problem. C. a cardiac problem. D. stomach flu. ```

Accepted Answer

C. a cardiac problem.

Question 25

PT-7) Why is visceral pain more difficult to locate than parietal​ pain? A. Because nerve pathways from the viscera do not enter the spinal cord B. Because visceral pain can be stimulated only by inflammation of the organ C. Because abdominal organs cover a greater area than the peritoneum D. Because organs do not have a large number of nerve endings to detect pain

Accepted Answer

D. Because organs do not have a large number of nerve endings to detect pain (Page 730)

Question 26

PT-8) A patient with an ectopic​ pregnancy: A. will be unwilling to answer questions concerning pregnancy. B. will be in her third trimester. C. will not look pregnant. D. will not experience abdominal pain.

Accepted Answer

C. will not look pregnant. These pregnancies occur at the beginning of the pregnancy. She will not have an abdomen that appears outwardly pregnant

Question 27

``` PT-9) Pancreatitis pain would most likely not be felt in​ the: A. flanks. B. shoulders. C. epigastric area. D. back. ```

Accepted Answer

A. flanks. The pain is found in the epigastric area, and radiates to the back and/or shoulders

Question 28

``` PT-10) The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs within it is​ the: A. viscera. B. peritoneum. C. stomach. D. abdomen. ```

Accepted Answer

B. peritoneum

Question 29

``` PT-11) A patient with an expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm would most likely complain​ of: A. altered mental status B. diffuse abdominal pain. C. tearing back pain. D. palpitations. ```

Accepted Answer

C. tearing back pain.

Question 30

PT-12) You are assessing a​ 23-year-old female patient complaining of abdominal pain. Which of the following questions should you ask the​ patient? A. Could the pain be caused by ruptured ovarian​ cysts? B. Are you experiencing ectopic​ pregnancy? C. Where are you in your menstrual​ cycle? D. Do you have pelvic inflammatory​ disease?

Accepted Answer

C. Where are you in your menstrual​ cycle?

Question 31

``` PT-13) Fever is most likely to be found in patients​ with: A. GI bleeding. B. hernia. C. abdominal aortic aneurysm. D. peritonitis. ```

Accepted Answer

D. peritonitis.

Question 32

``` PT-14) The colon is also known as​ the: A. gallbladder. B. small intestine. C. large intestine. D. stomach. ```

Accepted Answer

C. large intestine.

Question 33

``` PT-15) Cholecystitis pain is often confused​ with: A. hernia. B. GI bleeding. C. chest pain. D. shock. ```

Accepted Answer

C. chest pain.

Question 34

PT-16) Which of the following statements is​ true? A. There are few serious causes of abdominal pain. B. EMTs should not delay transport to determine the specific cause of abdominal pain. C. Abdominal complaints are typically easy to diagnose. D. EMTs should determine the cause of abdominal pain before recommending transport.

Accepted Answer

B. EMTs should not delay transport to determine the specific cause of abdominal pain.

Question 35

``` PT-17) Patients who are experiencing a heart attack often complain​ of: A. headache. B. extremity pain. C. diarrhea. D. epigastric pain. ```

Accepted Answer

D. epigastric pain All epigastric pain should be treated as cardiac until proven otherwise

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CH 26 Abdominal Emergencies Flashcards

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