Question 1

H1). Naloxone​ is: 1. An antidote for narcotic overdoses 2. A vasoconstrictor and bronchodilator 3. an atomizer 4. a medication used during asthma attacks

Accepted Answer

1. An antidote for narcotic overdoses Naloxone is an antidote for narcotic overdoes. It is administered through an atomizer but is not itself an atomizer.

Question 2

H2). When a cardiac patient is given​ aspirin, the route of administration should​ be: 1. in a gel that is wiped onto the gums 2. oral, and the aspirin should be chewed 3. by auto-injector in the thigh muscle 4. in a mist that is inhaled

Accepted Answer

2. oral, and the aspirin should be chewed ​Aspirin, when administered to a patient who is complaining of​ cardiac-like chest​ pain, should be taken orally and chewed.

Question 3

H3). ​Which of the following would be considered a side effect of the drug​ aspirin? 1. Aspirin treats fever 2. Aspirin relieves pain 3. Aspirin worsens gastrointestinal bleeding 4. Aspirin prevents the formation of harmful clots

Accepted Answer

3. Aspirin worsens gastrointestinal bleeding ​Aspirin's worsening gastrointestinal bleeding is a side effect and an untoward​ one, because it is harmful. The other effects correspond to indications for when aspirin should be administered​ (pain, fever, heart​ attack), and are not side effects.

Question 4

H4). As an​ EMT, you are allowed to administer or assist with the administration of some prescribed medications. These​ include: 1. An albuterol inhaler 2. Prozac 3. any medication authorized by medical direction 4. insulin

Accepted Answer

1. An albuterol inhaler Albuterol is a​ beta-2-specific medication that is used to promote bronchodilation in a patient with respiratory distress. The EMT does not carry this​ medication; however, if it is prescribed to the​ patient, the EMT can assist with the medication. Medical direction cannot authorize a medication that is outside the​ EMT's scope of practice.

Question 5

H5). Which of the following medications is prescribed for breathing​ difficulty, and is administered by an​ inhaler? 1. Adrenalin 2. Actidose 3. Nitrostat 4. Ventolin

Accepted Answer

4. Ventolin Ventolin is a medication that is used to promote bronchodilation in a patient with respiratory distress. Although the EMT does not carry this​ medication, the EMT is allowed to assist with the medication if the patient has it and it is prescribed to the patient.

Question 6

H6). When nitroglycerin is administered to a patient who is complaining of chest​ pain, the desired actions​ include: 1. hypotension 2. dilation of coronary vessels 3. peripheral vasoconstriction 4. headache

Accepted Answer

2. dilation of coronary vessels Dilation of the coronary arteries is a desired effect of nitroglycerin. Headache and hypotension are side​ effects, not desired effects. Nitroglycerin also causes peripheral​ vasodilation, which may be useful in taking some of the workload off the heart.

Question 7

H7). Which of the following would be the most appropriate site for the administration of an epinephrine​ auto-injector? 1. beneath the skin of the calf 2. into the vein of the upper arm 3. into the trachea 4. in the muscle of the thigh

Accepted Answer

4. in the muscle of the thigh The epinephrine​ auto-injector is most commonly administered in the muscle of the​ thigh, to promote rapid absorption and circulation of the medication. Its route of administration is​ intramuscular, and it would not be injected into a vein or the trachea or subcutaneously.

Question 8

H8). Why is it advisable to assist a patient with using a bronchodilator when the patient has obvious signs and symptoms of lower airway obstruction due to​ emphysema? 1. The medication will slow the patients heart rate and improve circulation 2. The drug will make it easier to breath by enlarging bronchial tubes 3. the medication will increase the patient's heart rate and blood flow 4. the medication will help decrease the dead space in patient's airway

Accepted Answer

2. The drug will make it easier to breath by enlarging bronchial tubes The patient with a history of emphysema who is having symptoms of lower airway obstruction should benefit from using a bronchodilator. The drug will relax the bronchioles and drop airway resistance. Although the medication will increase the​ patient's heart​ rate, that is not the reason for​ administration, and is considered a side effect.

Question 9

H9). Your patient is on several bronchodilator inhalers. You should suspect a history​ of: 1. respiratory problems 2. allergy problems 3. diabetic problems 4. cardiac problems

Accepted Answer

1. respiratory problems Bronchodilator inhalers are used by patients with respiratory​ problems, such as asthma or emphysema. Although people with allergies may also use an​ inhaler, respiratory problems are a far more common reason for inhaler use.

Question 10

H10). Which of the following is a device that is attached to the end of a syringe to turn a medication into very fine​ droplets? 1. an atomizer 2. an inhaler 3. an auto-injector 4. a small-volume nebulizer

Accepted Answer

1. an atomizer (Page 500) An atomizer is attached to the end of a syringe to turn a medication into very fine droplets. Inhalers and​ small-volume nebulizers also form​ droplets, but are not attached to syringes. An​ auto-injector is a​ syringe, but does not turn a medication into small droplets.

Question 11

H11). Your patient requires​ nitroglycerin, but you cannot give it because the​ patient's blood pressure is too low. This would be known​ as: 1. a contraindication 2. an administration 3. an indication 4. an action

Accepted Answer

1. a contraindication Contraindications are situations in which the drug should not be​ administered, because of the potential harm that could be caused to the patient. Low blood pressure is a contraindication for the use of nitroglycerin because nitroglycerin will lower the blood​ pressure, possibly causing already low blood pressure to become dangerously low.

Question 12

H12). Before administering a​ medication, the EMT should be careful​ to: 1. ensure that the patient has a valid prescription for the medication 2. understand the likely effect on the patient under the current, specific circumstances 3. ensure the medication has no side effects or contraindications 4. have received special additional education and testing in administration of the medication

Accepted Answer

2. understand the likely effect on the patient under the current, specific circumstances Before administering a​ medication, the EMT should be careful to understand the likely effect on the patient under the​ current, specific circumstances. Not all medications an EMT administers will be prescription​ medications, not all medications require special additional education and testing to​ administer, and medications typically have side effects and contraindications.

Question 13

H13). You pick up a bottle of a​ patient's prescribed nitroglycerin pills to help administer the medication to that patient. Before​ administration, you notice that although most of the pills in the bottle are a particular size and​ color, many of the pills are different sizes and colors. You​ aren't sure the pills are correct. Your concern relates​ to: 1. right medication 2. right patient 3. right time 4. right dose

Accepted Answer

1. right medication In this​ case, the differently sized pills in the bottle should raise suspicion as to whether the medication is correct. There would also be dosage​ concerns, given the different​ sizes, but the more immediate concern you have is whether the medication is right at​ all, regardless of dosage.

Question 14

H14). If you are unsure about the pediatric dose of a​ medication, you​ should: 1. postpone administration until you arrive at the ED 2. consult medical direction 3. discuss the dose with the child's parent 4. call your dispatcher

Accepted Answer

2. consult medical direction You may consult with medical direction if you have questions about patient care. You should not postpone a therapy.

Question 15

H15). Which of the following is a way in which you may receive orders to administer a medication to your​ patient? 1. from off-line medical direction 2. by consulting a paramedic 3. by checking reliable internet sources 4. by contacting the patient's physician

Accepted Answer

1. from off-line medical direction You may receive orders through​ off-line medical​ direction, including​ protocols, or standing orders.​ Patients' physicians and paramedics are generally not appropriate sources of medical​ direction; nor is the Internet.

Question 16

H16). Your patient with chest pain has nitroglycerin paste in place and nitroglycerin spray in his pocket. What should you do if you are unsure whether you should assist the patient with his​ spray, given that the paste is already in​ place? 1. contact on-line medical direction 2. look up in your protocol book 3. look it up on the internet using your smart phone 4. ask your dispatcher for help

Accepted Answer

1. contact on-line medical direction Any questions about patient care should be addressed to​ on-line medical direction.

Question 17

H17). Your patient with chest pain had a dental procedure 6 weeks ago. You are unsure whether this is a contraindication to giving her aspirin. You​ consult: 1. a healthcare website 2. your protocol handbook 3. on-line medical control 4. off-line medical control

Accepted Answer

3. on-line medical control Any questions about patient care should be addressed to​ on-line medical direction. Although protocols and retrospective review​ (off-line medical​ direction) are​ important, on-line medical direction would be more appropriate in this situation

Question 18

H18). Your patient is having an asthma attack. She has her prescribed medication with​ her, and you have a protocol that authorizes you to assist her in taking her medication. Which of the following would be the most likely route of administration for this​ medication? 1. Oral dose 2. Sublingual 3. Small-Volume Nebulizer 4. Auto-injector device

Accepted Answer

3. Small-Volume Nebulizer A nebulizer is a device that uses a compressed​ gas, typically​ oxygen, that is forced into a chamber containing medication. The gas mixes with the liquid medication and forms an aerosol. The patient inhales the​ aerosol, either through a mouthpiece or through a face​ mask, and the medication is deposited directly on the mucosal lining deep in the respiratory tract.

Question 19

H19). You are treating a patient who is complaining of substernal chest pain for the past 20 minutes. The route of administration of the medication with which you are most likely to assist​ him, following your treatment​ protocols, is: 1. auto-injector 2. sublingual 3. intravenous 4. nasal

Accepted Answer

2. sublingual Patients who are complaining of substernal chest pain and happen to be carrying their own nitroglycerin will most likely be administered the nitroglycerin by the sublingual route per your local protocol.

Question 20

H20). Which of the following patients would likely have the most difficulty eliminating medications from the​ body? 1. 44 y/o F 2. 6 y/o M 3. 84 y/o M 4. 15 y/o F

Accepted Answer

3. 84 y/o M An elderly patient will have more difficulty eliminating medications from the body. As a patient grows​ older, issues such as liver and kidney function can play a role in medication elimination.

Question 21

H21). Which of the following patients will require a smaller dose of a medication to achieve the same​ effect? 1. 13 y/o F who weighs 164 lbs 2. 84 y/o M who weighs 165 lbs 3. 74 y/o F who weighs 214 lbs 4. 14 y/o F who weighs 84 lbs

Accepted Answer

4. 14 y/o F who weighs 84 lbs The​ lighter-weight patient will often require a smaller dose of medication to achieve the same effect. Smaller body mass typically indicates a smaller dose.

Question 22

H22). Which of the following is of least importance in documenting administration of a drug on the​ PCR? 1. Dose administered 2. Drug Manufacturer 3. Route of Administration 4. Time the drug was given

Accepted Answer

2. Drug Manufacturer Once you have administered the​ medication, you must document the​ drug, dose,​ route, and time the medication was administered. You do not have to report the​ drug's manufacturer.

Question 23

H23). You have administered a drug to the patient. En route to the​ hospital, the patient suddenly becomes unresponsive. You do not believe that the drug was related to the unresponsiveness. How do you document this on the​ PCR? 1. Simply document what you did for the patient, including the drug therapy, and document how the patient's condition changed enroute 2. Document that you gave the drug, but do not document the dose or the time given, so that there is no appearance that the drug is associated with the change in the patients condition 3. Do not document the drug at all, because it is not related to the change in the patient's condition 4. Document that you gave the drug, but also document that you do not think that it cause the change in the pts condition

Accepted Answer

1. Simply document what you did for the patient, including the drug therapy, and document how the patient's condition changed enroute Part of good documentation on any PCR will include what you learned about the patient​ (your assessment), what you did for the patient​ (your treatment and drug​ therapy), and how the patient responded​ (your reassessment). You must always be truthful and accurate. You should not document opinions but rather should be objective and report only your findings.

Question 24

H24). Your patient tells you that he has taken Advil for pain. What is the generic name for this​ medication? 1. Ibuprofen 2. Acetaminophen 3. Nalbuphine 4. Phenytoin

Accepted Answer

1. Ibuprofen Ibuprofen is a generic name for Advil. Acetaminophen is otherwise known as Tylenol. Nalbuphine is a narcotic pain reliever. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant.

Question 25

H25). Your patient tells you that she takes Humulin. What is the generic name for this​ medicine? 1. Insulin 2. Metaproterenol 3. Amoxapine 4. Glucose

Accepted Answer

1. Insulin Humulin is a trade name for insulin. Glucose is simple sugar. Metaproterenol is a type of bronchodilator. Amoxapine is an antidepressant.

Question 26

H26). You have extricated a patient from a motor vehicle collision. Your partner started an IV while the patient was still​ trapped, and has infused 500 ml. As you load the patient into the​ ambulance, you see that the line is no longer running. Which of the following is a common problem of maintaining an IV that is the most likely cause​ here? 1. the patients BP is elevated 2. the vein is clotted 3. the constricting band is still in place 4. the tubing is kinked or caught under the backboard

Accepted Answer

4. the tubing is kinked or caught under the backboard Because the line initially did​ run, the most likely problem is tubing that is kinked or caught under the backboard.

Question 27

H27). Which of the following statements about selecting an IV fluid is​ true? 1. An expired fluid is okay to use in the field 2. The correct fluid is not important at this point, as it is easy to change once IV access is made 3. Be sure to select the correct fluid with a valid expiration date that is clear and free from particles, and whose bag has no leaks 4. The fluid may be a little cloudy, depending on the type of fluid

Accepted Answer

3. Be sure to select the correct fluid with a valid expiration date that is clear and free from particles, and whose bag has no leaks

Question 28

PT1). In its pure​ form, what element is used as a drug to treat any patient whose medical or traumatic condition may cause the patient to be​ hypoxic? 1. O2 2. Helium 3. Hydrogen 4. Carbon

Accepted Answer

1. O2

Question 29

2). After administration of​ nitroglycerin, your patient develops​ hypotension, a drop in blood pressure. This is​ called: 1. a desired effect 2. a mechanism of action 3. an indication 4. a side effect

Accepted Answer

4. a side effect

Question 30

3). The​ patient's IV is not running properly. Which of the following would be a likely​ cause? 1. constricting band removed 2. regulator opened 3. clamp on tubing closed 4. too large an IV catheter

Accepted Answer

3. clamp on tubing closed

Question 31

4). Which of the following would be considered one of the​ "five rights" of medication​ administration? 1. right contraindication 2. right weight 3. right dose 4. right mechanism of action

Accepted Answer

3. right dose

Question 32

5). Which of the following is the definition of contraindications​? 1. any actions of a medication other than those desired 2. circumstances under which is not appropriate to administer a medication to a patient 3. therapeutic effects of a medication 4. circumstances under which it is appropriate to administer a medication to a patient

Accepted Answer

2. circumstances under which is not appropriate to administer a medication to a patient

Question 33

6). An EMT is ordered by medical direction to administer nitroglycerin sublingually to a patient with chest pain. The EMT places the nitroglycerin tablet on the​ patient's tongue and tells her to chew and swallow the medication. The EMT has failed in which of the​ "five rights" of medication​ administration? 1. Right patient 2. Right Medication 3. Right Route of Administration 4. Right time

Accepted Answer

3. Right Route of Administration

Question 34

7). Which of the following must be included on your PCR after administration of a medication to your​ patient? 1. The drug's chemical name 2. The drugs' manufacturer 3. The drug's expiration date 4. The effects of the drug

Accepted Answer

4. The effects of the drug

Question 35

8). ​Epinephrine, which is administered for severe allergic​ reactions, helps to reverse the effects of the allergic reaction​ by: 1. decreasing the heart rate 2. constricting the bronchioles 3. dilating the blood vessels 4. relaxing airway passages

Accepted Answer

4. relaxing airway passages (page 501)

Question 36

9). Which of the following is an antidysrhythmic​ agent? 1. Volmax 2. Calan 3. Nubain 4. Elavil

Accepted Answer

2. Calan Verapamil (Calan, Calan SR, Isoptin, Isoptin SR, Verelan)

Question 37

10). Which of the following shows the best documentation of a dose of nitroglycerin that was given to a​ patient? 1. "We gave nitro x 1 with (+) relief of CP at 7:45pm" 2. "Nitro 0.4mg spray was administered sublingual at 1730 hrs with relief of CP" 3. "One spray of nitro was administered with improvement noted in the patient" 4. "Nitro was given in one-tablet dose at 1730hrs"

Accepted Answer

2. "Nitro 0.4mg spray was administered sublingual at 1730 hrs with relief of CP"

Question 38

11). An example of a suspension administered by EMTs​ is: 1. Nitro 2. Oral glucose 3. Aspirin 4. Activated Charcoal

Accepted Answer

4. Activated Charcoal

Question 39

12). Which of the following drugs comes in two different medication​ forms? 1. Nitro 2. O2 3. Oral Glucose 4. Activated Charcoal

Accepted Answer

1. Nitro

Question 40

13). Which of the following medications is typically administered by EMTs to patients who are suffering severe allergic​ reactions? 1. Liqui-char 2. Elavil 3. Glucose 4. Epinephrine

Accepted Answer

4. Epinephrine

Question 41

14). Your patient is having chest​ pain, and has a bottle of prescribed nitroglycerin.​ However, the expiration date has worn off the​ bottle, and the patient does not know how old the medication is. What is your best course of​ action? 1. Contact medical direction for advice 2. Don't administer the medication, and don't allow the patient to take it 3. Flush the tablets down the toilet, so that they cannot be used 4. Go ahead and give the medication, because being out of date will not hurt anything

Accepted Answer

1. Contact medical direction for advice

Question 42

15). Which of the following is the appropriate route for sublingual nitroglycerin administration by the​ EMT? 1. Under the tongue 2. Ingested 3. Inhaled 4. Injected

Accepted Answer

1. Under the tongue

Question 43

16). What is the best way to ensure that you understood the orders given by​ on-line medical​ direction? 1. Ask your partner to listen to the orders 2. Repeat the orders back to the physician 3. Ask the ED to text the orders to you 4. Check the orders with another physician

Accepted Answer

2. Repeat the orders back to the physician

Question 44

17). Which of the following statements is​ correct? 1. Patient weight has no effect on drug dosage 2. The pediatric drug dosage for most medications is half the adult dosage 3. Smaller patients often require smaller doses to achieve the desired effect 4. Smaller patients always receive a smaller dose than larger patients

Accepted Answer

3. Smaller patients often require smaller doses to achieve the desired effect

Question 45

18). Your patient has taken an unknown quantity of amitriptyline. Which class of medication is​ this? 1. Antihypertensive 2. Anticonvulsant 3. Antidepressant 4. Analgesic

Accepted Answer

3. Antidepressant

Question 46

19). The route describes how the medication is actually given to or taken by the patient. Which of the following is true of medication​ routes? 1. All tablets are administered by the oral route 2. Most medications administered by the EMT are administered by injection 3. Drugs administered by the sublingual route have a relatively show absorption rate 4. The route that is chosen controls how fast the medication is absorbed by the body

Accepted Answer

4. The route that is chosen controls how fast the medication is absorbed by the body

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CH 18 General Pharmacology Flashcards

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