CH 18 General Pharmacology

Question 1

H1). Naloxone​ is: 1. An antidote for narcotic overdoses 2. A vasoconstrictor and bronchodilator 3. an atomizer 4. a medication used during asthma attacks

Answer 1

1. An antidote for narcotic overdoses Naloxone is an antidote for narcotic overdoes. It is administered through an atomizer but is not itself an atomizer.

Question 2

H2). When a cardiac patient is given​ aspirin, the route of administration should​ be: 1. in a gel that is wiped onto the gums 2. oral, and the aspirin should be chewed 3. by auto-injector in the thigh muscle 4. in a mist that is inhaled

Answer 2

2. oral, and the aspirin should be chewed ​Aspirin, when administered to a patient who is complaining of​ cardiac-like chest​ pain, should be taken orally and chewed.

Question 3

H3). ​Which of the following would be considered a side effect of the drug​ aspirin? 1. Aspirin treats fever 2. Aspirin relieves pain 3. Aspirin worsens gastrointestinal bleeding 4. Aspirin prevents the formation of harmful clots

Answer 3

3. Aspirin worsens gastrointestinal bleeding ​Aspirin’s worsening gastrointestinal bleeding is a side effect and an untoward​ one, because it is harmful. The other effects correspond to indications for when aspirin should be administered​ (pain, fever, heart​ attack), and are not side effects.

Question 4

H4). As an​ EMT, you are allowed to administer or assist with the administration of some prescribed medications. These​ include: 1. An albuterol inhaler 2. Prozac 3. any medication authorized by medical direction 4. insulin

Answer 4

1. An albuterol inhaler Albuterol is a​ beta-2-specific medication that is used to promote bronchodilation in a patient with respiratory distress. The EMT does not carry this​ medication; however, if it is prescribed to the​ patient, the EMT can assist with the medication. Medical direction cannot authorize a medication that is outside the​ EMT’s scope of practice.

Question 5

H5). Which of the following medications is prescribed for breathing​ difficulty, and is administered by an​ inhaler? 1. Adrenalin 2. Actidose 3. Nitrostat 4. Ventolin

Answer 5

4. Ventolin Ventolin is a medication that is used to promote bronchodilation in a patient with respiratory distress. Although the EMT does not carry this​ medication, the EMT is allowed to assist with the medication if the patient has it and it is prescribed to the patient.

Question 6

H6). When nitroglycerin is administered to a patient who is complaining of chest​ pain, the desired actions​ include: 1. hypotension 2. dilation of coronary vessels 3. peripheral vasoconstriction 4. headache

Answer 6

2. dilation of coronary vessels Dilation of the coronary arteries is a desired effect of nitroglycerin. Headache and hypotension are side​ effects, not desired effects. Nitroglycerin also causes peripheral​ vasodilation, which may be useful in taking some of the workload off the heart.

Question 7

H7). Which of the following would be the most appropriate site for the administration of an epinephrine​ auto-injector? 1. beneath the skin of the calf 2. into the vein of the upper arm 3. into the trachea 4. in the muscle of the thigh

Answer 7

4. in the muscle of the thigh The epinephrine​ auto-injector is most commonly administered in the muscle of the​ thigh, to promote rapid absorption and circulation of the medication. Its route of administration is​ intramuscular, and it would not be injected into a vein or the trachea or subcutaneously.

Question 8

H8). Why is it advisable to assist a patient with using a bronchodilator when the patient has obvious signs and symptoms of lower airway obstruction due to​ emphysema? 1. The medication will slow the patients heart rate and improve circulation 2. The drug will make it easier to breath by enlarging bronchial tubes 3. the medication will increase the patient’s heart rate and blood flow 4. the medication will help decrease the dead space in patient’s airway

Answer 8

2. The drug will make it easier to breath by enlarging bronchial tubes The patient with a history of emphysema who is having symptoms of lower airway obstruction should benefit from using a bronchodilator. The drug will relax the bronchioles and drop airway resistance. Although the medication will increase the​ patient’s heart​ rate, that is not the reason for​ administration, and is considered a side effect.

Question 9

H9). Your patient is on several bronchodilator inhalers. You should suspect a history​ of: 1. respiratory problems 2. allergy problems 3. diabetic problems 4. cardiac problems

Answer 9

1. respiratory problems Bronchodilator inhalers are used by patients with respiratory​ problems, such as asthma or emphysema. Although people with allergies may also use an​ inhaler, respiratory problems are a far more common reason for inhaler use.

Question 10

H10). Which of the following is a device that is attached to the end of a syringe to turn a medication into very fine​ droplets? 1. an atomizer 2. an inhaler 3. an auto-injector 4. a small-volume nebulizer

Answer 10

1. an atomizer (Page 500) An atomizer is attached to the end of a syringe to turn a medication into very fine droplets. Inhalers and​ small-volume nebulizers also form​ droplets, but are not attached to syringes. An​ auto-injector is a​ syringe, but does not turn a medication into small droplets.

Question 11

H11). Your patient requires​ nitroglycerin, but you cannot give it because the​ patient’s blood pressure is too low. This would be known​ as: 1. a contraindication 2. an administration 3. an indication 4. an action

Answer 11

1. a contraindication Contraindications are situations in which the drug should not be​ administered, because of the potential harm that could be caused to the patient. Low blood pressure is a contraindication for the use of nitroglycerin because nitroglycerin will lower the blood​ pressure, possibly causing already low blood pressure to become dangerously low.

Question 12

H12). Before administering a​ medication, the EMT should be careful​ to: 1. ensure that the patient has a valid prescription for the medication 2. understand the likely effect on the patient under the current, specific circumstances 3. ensure the medication has no side effects or contraindications 4. have received special additional education and testing in administration of the medication

Answer 12

2. understand the likely effect on the patient under the current, specific circumstances Before administering a​ medication, the EMT should be careful to understand the likely effect on the patient under the​ current, specific circumstances. Not all medications an EMT administers will be prescription​ medications, not all medications require special additional education and testing to​ administer, and medications typically have side effects and contraindications.

Question 13

H13). You pick up a bottle of a​ patient’s prescribed nitroglycerin pills to help administer the medication to that patient. Before​ administration, you notice that although most of the pills in the bottle are a particular size and​ color, many of the pills are different sizes and colors. You​ aren’t sure the pills are correct. Your concern relates​ to: 1. right medication 2. right patient 3. right time 4. right dose

Answer 13

1. right medication In this​ case, the differently sized pills in the bottle should raise suspicion as to whether the medication is correct. There would also be dosage​ concerns, given the different​ sizes, but the more immediate concern you have is whether the medication is right at​ all, regardless of dosage.

Question 14

H14). If you are unsure about the pediatric dose of a​ medication, you​ should: 1. postpone administration until you arrive at the ED 2. consult medical direction 3. discuss the dose with the child’s parent 4. call your dispatcher

Answer 14

2. consult medical direction You may consult with medical direction if you have questions about patient care. You should not postpone a therapy.

Question 15

H15). Which of the following is a way in which you may receive orders to administer a medication to your​ patient? 1. from off-line medical direction 2. by consulting a paramedic 3. by checking reliable internet sources 4. by contacting the patient’s physician

Answer 15

1. from off-line medical direction You may receive orders through​ off-line medical​ direction, including​ protocols, or standing orders.​ Patients’ physicians and paramedics are generally not appropriate sources of medical​ direction; nor is the Internet.

Question 16

H16). Your patient with chest pain has nitroglycerin paste in place and nitroglycerin spray in his pocket. What should you do if you are unsure whether you should assist the patient with his​ spray, given that the paste is already in​ place? 1. contact on-line medical direction 2. look up in your protocol book 3. look it up on the internet using your smart phone 4. ask your dispatcher for help

Answer 16

1. contact on-line medical direction Any questions about patient care should be addressed to​ on-line medical direction.

Question 17

H17). Your patient with chest pain had a dental procedure 6 weeks ago. You are unsure whether this is a contraindication to giving her aspirin. You​ consult: 1. a healthcare website 2. your protocol handbook 3. on-line medical control 4. off-line medical control

Answer 17

3. on-line medical control Any questions about patient care should be addressed to​ on-line medical direction. Although protocols and retrospective review​ (off-line medical​ direction) are​ important, on-line medical direction would be more appropriate in this situation

Question 18

H18). Your patient is having an asthma attack. She has her prescribed medication with​ her, and you have a protocol that authorizes you to assist her in taking her medication. Which of the following would be the most likely route of administration for this​ medication? 1. Oral dose 2. Sublingual 3. Small-Volume Nebulizer 4. Auto-injector device

Answer 18

3. Small-Volume Nebulizer A nebulizer is a device that uses a compressed​ gas, typically​ oxygen, that is forced into a chamber containing medication. The gas mixes with the liquid medication and forms an aerosol. The patient inhales the​ aerosol, either through a mouthpiece or through a face​ mask, and the medication is deposited directly on the mucosal lining deep in the respiratory tract.

Question 19

H19). You are treating a patient who is complaining of substernal chest pain for the past 20 minutes. The route of administration of the medication with which you are most likely to assist​ him, following your treatment​ protocols, is: 1. auto-injector 2. sublingual 3. intravenous 4. nasal

Answer 19

2. sublingual Patients who are complaining of substernal chest pain and happen to be carrying their own nitroglycerin will most likely be administered the nitroglycerin by the sublingual route per your local protocol.

Question 20

H20). Which of the following patients would likely have the most difficulty eliminating medications from the​ body? 1. 44 y/o F 2. 6 y/o M 3. 84 y/o M 4. 15 y/o F

Answer 20

3. 84 y/o M An elderly patient will have more difficulty eliminating medications from the body. As a patient grows​ older, issues such as liver and kidney function can play a role in medication elimination.

Question 21

H21). Which of the following patients will require a smaller dose of a medication to achieve the same​ effect? 1. 13 y/o F who weighs 164 lbs 2. 84 y/o M who weighs 165 lbs 3. 74 y/o F who weighs 214 lbs 4. 14 y/o F who weighs 84 lbs

Answer 21

4. 14 y/o F who weighs 84 lbs The​ lighter-weight patient will often require a smaller dose of medication to achieve the same effect. Smaller body mass typically indicates a smaller dose.

Question 22

H22). Which of the following is of least importance in documenting administration of a drug on the​ PCR? 1. Dose administered 2. Drug Manufacturer 3. Route of Administration 4. Time the drug was given

Answer 22

2. Drug Manufacturer Once you have administered the​ medication, you must document the​ drug, dose,​ route, and time the medication was administered. You do not have to report the​ drug’s manufacturer.

Question 23

H23). You have administered a drug to the patient. En route to the​ hospital, the patient suddenly becomes unresponsive. You do not believe that the drug was related to the unresponsiveness. How do you document this on the​ PCR? 1. Simply document what you did for the patient, including the drug therapy, and document how the patient’s condition changed enroute 2. Document that you gave the drug, but do not document the dose or the time given, so that there is no appearance that the drug is associated with the change in the patients condition 3. Do not document the drug at all, because it is not related to the change in the patient’s condition 4. Document that you gave the drug, but also document that you do not think that it cause the change in the pts condition

Answer 23

1. Simply document what you did for the patient, including the drug therapy, and document how the patient’s condition changed enroute Part of good documentation on any PCR will include what you learned about the patient​ (your assessment), what you did for the patient​ (your treatment and drug​ therapy), and how the patient responded​ (your reassessment). You must always be truthful and accurate. You should not document opinions but rather should be objective and report only your findings.

Question 24

H24). Your patient tells you that he has taken Advil for pain. What is the generic name for this​ medication? 1. Ibuprofen 2. Acetaminophen 3. Nalbuphine 4. Phenytoin

Answer 24

1. Ibuprofen Ibuprofen is a generic name for Advil. Acetaminophen is otherwise known as Tylenol. Nalbuphine is a narcotic pain reliever. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant.

Question 25

H25). Your patient tells you that she takes Humulin. What is the generic name for this​ medicine? 1. Insulin 2. Metaproterenol 3. Amoxapine 4. Glucose

Answer 25

1. Insulin Humulin is a trade name for insulin. Glucose is simple sugar. Metaproterenol is a type of bronchodilator. Amoxapine is an antidepressant.

Question 26

H26). You have extricated a patient from a motor vehicle collision. Your partner started an IV while the patient was still​ trapped, and has infused 500 ml. As you load the patient into the​ ambulance, you see that the line is no longer running. Which of the following is a common problem of maintaining an IV that is the most likely cause​ here? 1. the patients BP is elevated 2. the vein is clotted 3. the constricting band is still in place 4. the tubing is kinked or caught under the backboard

Answer 26

4. the tubing is kinked or caught under the backboard Because the line initially did​ run, the most likely problem is tubing that is kinked or caught under the backboard.

Question 27

H27). Which of the following statements about selecting an IV fluid is​ true? 1. An expired fluid is okay to use in the field 2. The correct fluid is not important at this point, as it is easy to change once IV access is made 3. Be sure to select the correct fluid with a valid expiration date that is clear and free from particles, and whose bag has no leaks 4. The fluid may be a little cloudy, depending on the type of fluid

Answer 27

3. Be sure to select the correct fluid with a valid expiration date that is clear and free from particles, and whose bag has no leaks

Question 28

PT1). In its pure​ form, what element is used as a drug to treat any patient whose medical or traumatic condition may cause the patient to be​ hypoxic? 1. O2 2. Helium 3. Hydrogen 4. Carbon

Answer 28

1. O2

Question 29

2). After administration of​ nitroglycerin, your patient develops​ hypotension, a drop in blood pressure. This is​ called: 1. a desired effect 2. a mechanism of action 3. an indication 4. a side effect

Answer 29

4. a side effect

Question 30

3). The​ patient’s IV is not running properly. Which of the following would be a likely​ cause? 1. constricting band removed 2. regulator opened 3. clamp on tubing closed 4. too large an IV catheter

Answer 30

3. clamp on tubing closed

Question 31

4). Which of the following would be considered one of the​ “five rights” of medication​ administration? 1. right contraindication 2. right weight 3. right dose 4. right mechanism of action

Answer 31

3. right dose

Question 32

5). Which of the following is the definition of contraindications​? 1. any actions of a medication other than those desired 2. circumstances under which is not appropriate to administer a medication to a patient 3. therapeutic effects of a medication 4. circumstances under which it is appropriate to administer a medication to a patient

Answer 32

2. circumstances under which is not appropriate to administer a medication to a patient

Question 33

6). An EMT is ordered by medical direction to administer nitroglycerin sublingually to a patient with chest pain. The EMT places the nitroglycerin tablet on the​ patient’s tongue and tells her to chew and swallow the medication. The EMT has failed in which of the​ “five rights” of medication​ administration? 1. Right patient 2. Right Medication 3. Right Route of Administration 4. Right time

Answer 33

3. Right Route of Administration

Question 34

7). Which of the following must be included on your PCR after administration of a medication to your​ patient? 1. The drug’s chemical name 2. The drugs’ manufacturer 3. The drug’s expiration date 4. The effects of the drug

Answer 34

4. The effects of the drug

Question 35

8). ​Epinephrine, which is administered for severe allergic​ reactions, helps to reverse the effects of the allergic reaction​ by: 1. decreasing the heart rate 2. constricting the bronchioles 3. dilating the blood vessels 4. relaxing airway passages

Answer 35

4. relaxing airway passages (page 501)

Question 36

9). Which of the following is an antidysrhythmic​ agent? 1. Volmax 2. Calan 3. Nubain 4. Elavil

Answer 36

2. Calan Verapamil (Calan, Calan SR, Isoptin, Isoptin SR, Verelan)

Question 37

10). Which of the following shows the best documentation of a dose of nitroglycerin that was given to a​ patient? 1. “We gave nitro x 1 with (+) relief of CP at 7:45pm” 2. “Nitro 0.4mg spray was administered sublingual at 1730 hrs with relief of CP” 3. “One spray of nitro was administered with improvement noted in the patient” 4. “Nitro was given in one-tablet dose at 1730hrs”

Answer 37

2. “Nitro 0.4mg spray was administered sublingual at 1730 hrs with relief of CP”

Question 38

11). An example of a suspension administered by EMTs​ is: 1. Nitro 2. Oral glucose 3. Aspirin 4. Activated Charcoal

Answer 38

4. Activated Charcoal

Question 39

12). Which of the following drugs comes in two different medication​ forms? 1. Nitro 2. O2 3. Oral Glucose 4. Activated Charcoal

Answer 39

1. Nitro

Question 40

13). Which of the following medications is typically administered by EMTs to patients who are suffering severe allergic​ reactions? 1. Liqui-char 2. Elavil 3. Glucose 4. Epinephrine

Answer 40

4. Epinephrine

Question 41

14). Your patient is having chest​ pain, and has a bottle of prescribed nitroglycerin.​ However, the expiration date has worn off the​ bottle, and the patient does not know how old the medication is. What is your best course of​ action? 1. Contact medical direction for advice 2. Don’t administer the medication, and don’t allow the patient to take it 3. Flush the tablets down the toilet, so that they cannot be used 4. Go ahead and give the medication, because being out of date will not hurt anything

Answer 41

1. Contact medical direction for advice

Question 42

15). Which of the following is the appropriate route for sublingual nitroglycerin administration by the​ EMT? 1. Under the tongue 2. Ingested 3. Inhaled 4. Injected

Answer 42

1. Under the tongue

Question 43

16). What is the best way to ensure that you understood the orders given by​ on-line medical​ direction? 1. Ask your partner to listen to the orders 2. Repeat the orders back to the physician 3. Ask the ED to text the orders to you 4. Check the orders with another physician

Answer 43

2. Repeat the orders back to the physician

Question 44

17). Which of the following statements is​ correct? 1. Patient weight has no effect on drug dosage 2. The pediatric drug dosage for most medications is half the adult dosage 3. Smaller patients often require smaller doses to achieve the desired effect 4. Smaller patients always receive a smaller dose than larger patients

Answer 44

3. Smaller patients often require smaller doses to achieve the desired effect

Question 45

18). Your patient has taken an unknown quantity of amitriptyline. Which class of medication is​ this? 1. Antihypertensive 2. Anticonvulsant 3. Antidepressant 4. Analgesic

Answer 45

3. Antidepressant

Question 46

19). The route describes how the medication is actually given to or taken by the patient. Which of the following is true of medication​ routes? 1. All tablets are administered by the oral route 2. Most medications administered by the EMT are administered by injection 3. Drugs administered by the sublingual route have a relatively show absorption rate 4. The route that is chosen controls how fast the medication is absorbed by the body

Answer 46

4. The route that is chosen controls how fast the medication is absorbed by the body

Question 47

20). How would your knowledge of pharmacodynamics affect the way you administered a medication to a​ 4-year-old patient? 1. Pediatric patients should be given half the regular adult dose for most medication 2. Pediatric patients always require the same dose as adults 3. Pediatric patients often require smaller doses than do adults 4. Pediatric patients usually require larger doses than do adults

Answer 47

3. Pediatric patients often require smaller doses than do adults

Question 48

21). How would your knowledge of pharmacodynamics affect the way you administered a medication to a​ 4-year-old patient? 1. Pediatric patient’s should be given half the regular adult dose 2. Pediatric patients should be given half the regular adult dose for most medications 3. Pediatric patients often require smaller doses than do adults 4. Pediatric patients usually require larger doses than do adults

Answer 48

3. Pediatric patients often require smaller doses than do adults

Question 49

22). Which of the following medications is used to correct hypoxia> 1. O2 2. Nitro 3. Tylenol 4. Glucose

Answer 49

1.) O2

Question 50

23). Which of the following statements about medication administration is​ correct? 1. Once the medication has been administered, you cannot take it back 2. EMT’s should multitask 3. EMT’s carry antidotes for most medications that they administer 4. Typically there is not enough time to look up medications with which you are not familiar

Answer 50

1. Once the medication has been administered, you cannot take it back

Question 51

24). Which of the following components is not typically readied in setting up an IV administration​ set? 1. Drip chamber 2. drug or needle port 3. flow regulator 4. IV Needle

Answer 51

4. IV Needle

Question 52

25). If a medication has an intranasal route of​ administration, it is administered via​ the: 1. veins 2. muscles 3. skin 4. nose

Answer 52

4. nose

Question 53

CT1). You are called to an elementary school for an​ 8-year-old female patient who is experiencing respiratory distress. The school nurse states the patient has an epinephrine​ auto-injector for a possible anaphylactic reaction to bee stings. The patient also has an albuterol inhaler for​ exercise-induced asthma. The patient is breathing 30 times a​ minute, is in the tripod​ position, and is speaking in​ two- to​ three-word sentences. The nurse states the patient was playing basketball in the gym when she started having difficulty breathing. The patient has wheezing in all lung fields. An ALS unit is en route but it is 10 minutes away. You are 20 minutes away from the nearest hospital. After placing the patient on​ oxygen, your next intervention should be​ to: 1. Cancel the ALS unit and call medical control to assist with the albuterol administration while enroute to the hospital 2. contact medical control and request to assist the patient with her albuterol 3. contact medical control and request to assist the patient with her epi 4. provide supportive care until ALS unit arrives

Answer 53

2. contact medical control and request to assist the patient with her albuterol

Question 54

2). Your patient is a​ 59-year-old woman with a history of emphysema. Per​ protocol, you have assisted the patient in using her medication inhaler. Which of the following must be​ documented? 1. Expiration date of the medication 2. Chemical name of the medication 3. Patient’s response to the medication 4. All of the above

Answer 54

3. Patient’s response to the medication

Question 55

3). What are the names given to each medication listed in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia​? 1. Trade, Brand, and Generic 2. Manufacturer, general and governmental 3. Official, chemical, and generic 4). Trade, chemical and generic

Answer 55

4). Trade, chemical and generic

Question 56

4). If an EMT is enlisted to help set up the IV administration​ set, the first step is​ to: 1. make sure the flow regulator is closed 2. take out and inspect the fluid bag 3. connect the extension set to the administration set 4. select the proper administration set

Answer 56

2. take out and inspect the fluid bag

Question 57

5). You are on the scene of a​ 68-year-old patient with a history of COPD who is breathing 44 times per minute and has a diminished level of consciousness. His wife states he has an albuterol inhaler and nitroglycerin tablets for angina. What is the most important drug you can administer to the​ patient? 1. O2 by bag-valve mask 2. O2 by non-rebreather mask 3. Albuterol 4. Nitroglycerin

Answer 57

1. O2 by bag-valve mask

Question 58

6). How does nitroglycerin decrease the level of chest pain that a patient​ experiences? 1. It dilates the blood vessels, allowing more blood flow to wash away the toxic lactic acid 2. It constricts the blood vessels, forcing more blood into the heart muscle 3. It dilates the blood vessels, allowing more blood enter the heart muscle 4. It constricts the blood vessels, forcing the toxic lactic acid out of the heart

Answer 58

3. It dilates the blood vessels, allowing more blood enter the heart muscle

Question 59

7). Which of the following is the commonly accepted list of medications an EMT can assist the patient in taking or administer under the direction of the Medical​ Director? 1. Prescribed bronchodilator​ inhalers, prescribed​ nitroglycerin, and prescribed epinephrine​ auto-injectors 2. Aspirin, oral​ glucose, oxygen, prescribed bronchodilator​ inhalers, nitroglycerin, epinephrine​ auto-injectors, and naloxone 3. ​Aspirin, acetaminophen, oral​ glucose, insulin, prescribed bronchodilator​ inhalers, nitroglycerin, and epinephrine​ auto-injectors 4. Any​ over-the-counter medication, oral​ glucose, and oxygen

Answer 59

2. Aspirin, oral​ glucose, oxygen, prescribed bronchodilator​ inhalers, nitroglycerin, epinephrine​ auto-injectors, and naloxone

Question 60

8). Which of the following describes the sublingual route of medication​ administration? 1. The medication is swallowed whole, not chewed 2. The medication is placed under the tongue 3. The medication is injected under the skin 4. The medication is breathed into the lungs, such as from an inhaler

Answer 60

2. The medication is placed under the tongue

Question 61

9). Which of the following is an example of a​ medication’s trade​ name? 1. 4 dihydroxyphenyl acetate 2. Nitrostat 3. Oxygen 4. Epinephrine

Answer 61

2. Nitrostat

Question 62

10). Which of the following best describes a contraindication to a​ medication? 1. An unstable action of the drug 2. A reason why you should give a medication to a patient 3. The way in which a drug causes its effects 4. A reason why you should not give a medication to a patient

Answer 62

4. A reason why you should not give a medication to a patient

Question 63

11). What is the reason for giving an epinephrine​ auto-injector in a​ life-threatening allergic​ reaction? 1. It will help raise the​ patient’s blood pressure and slow the heart rate. 2. It will constrict the​ patient’s airway passages and blood vessels. 3. It will help constrict the​ patient’s blood vessels and relax the airway passages. 4. It will help dilate the​ patient’s blood vessels and relax the airway passages.

Answer 63

3. It will help constrict the​ patient’s blood vessels and relax the airway passages.

Question 64

12). How does aspirin actually reduce the chances that a patient suffering a heart attack will​ die? 1. It reduces the amount of pain in the heart. 2. It prevents a deadly fever from developing 3. It reduces the inflammation in the heart 4. It reduces the ability of the blood to form clots

Answer 64

4. It reduces the ability of the blood to form clots

Question 65

13). Nitroglycerin is given via the​ ________ route. 1. oral 2. enteral 3. parenteral 4. sublingual

Answer 65

4. sublingual

Question 66

14). Which of the following is a desired action of epinephrine delivered by​ auto-injector? 1. Dilation of coronary arteries 2. Constriction of blood vessels 3. Decrease in blood pressure 4. Decrease perfusion of tissue

Answer 66

2. Constriction of blood vessels

Question 67

15). You are on the scene at a fancy hotel room for a​ 60-year-old male patient who calls 911 at 10 p.m. for chest pains. He states he was about to go to bed when he suddenly had chest pain that would not go away. He rates his pain as a 7 out of 10 and is diaphoretic. His vital signs are​ stable, and he takes medications for​ hypertension, high​ cholesterol, and erectile dysfunction. The patient is allergic to morphine. After placing the patient on​ oxygen, you contact medical control and​ request: 1. to administer both aspirin and nitroglycerin to the patient. 2. to administer aspirin to the patient. 3. to administer nitroglycerin to the patient 4. no orders

Answer 67

2. to administer aspirin to the patient.

Question 68

16). Albuterol and epinephrine both have bronchodilation properties that improve the amount of oxygen that a person can inhale and absorb.​ However, albuterol is administered only for​ asthma, whereas epinephrine is administered for both asthma and anaphylaxis. Why is​ epinephrine, and not​ Albuterol, the first choice for​ anaphylaxis? 1. Albuterol slows down the heart rate too much 2. Albuterol is not a vasoconstrictor 3. Albuterol drops the blood pressure too low 4. Albuterol makes the heart rate increase too much

Answer 68

2. Albuterol is not a vasoconstrictor

Question 69

17). The symptoms or circumstances for which a medication is given are​ called: 1. side effects 2. untoward effects 3. contraindications 4. indications

Answer 69

4. indications

Question 70

18). The​ EMT, after administering any​ medication, must do which of the​ following? 1. Document the​ route, dose, and​ time; reassess the​ patient; and​ re-administer the medication. 2. Reconsider the five​ rights, reassess the​ patient, and contact medical control. 3. Wait 5​ minutes, repeat the medication if​ needed, and reassess the​ patient’s vitals. 4. Reassess the​ patient, document the​ medication, and report to the receiving facility.

Answer 70

4. Reassess the​ patient, document the​ medication, and report to the receiving facility.

Question 71

19). The epinephrine​ auto-injector is given via the​ ________ route. 1. parental 2. oral 3. digestive 4. enteral

Answer 71

1. parental

Question 72

20). You are on the scene of a​ 48-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain. He has nitroglycerin prescribed and available. After performing your physical​ examination, you contact medical control and are ordered to assist the patient in taking his nitroglycerin. Five minutes after taking his​ nitroglycerin, the patient complains of being dizzy and having a headache. You lie the patient down on the stretcher and reassess his vital signs. He is now hypotensive. The patient is suffering from​ a(n): 1. untoward reaction to nitroglycerin. 2. anaphylactic reaction to nitroglycerin. 3. allergic reaction to nitroglycerin 4. side effect of nitroglycerin

Answer 72

4. side effect of nitroglycerin

Question 73

21). A contraindication for giving Nitrostat is a drug interaction with what​ medications? 1. Viagra, Levitra, or medication for erectile dysfunction 2. Sildenafil, vardenafil, and epinephrine 3. Nitroglycerin, Ventolin, and epinephrine 4. Oral​ glucose, activated​ charcoal, and aspirin

Answer 73

1. Viagra, Levitra, or medication for erectile dysfunction

Question 74

22). You are called to assist a​ 25-year-old female patient who is in profound respiratory distress. The patient has a history of asthma and a severe allergy to peanuts. She has a prescribed albuterol inhaler and an epinephrine​ auto-injector. The patient states she was working in her garden when she accidentally stirred up a​ hornets’ nest and was stung multiple times. The patient has wheezing in all​ fields, and is breathing at 28 times per minute. She states that she triggered her asthma by running across the yard to the safety of her home. As you apply​ oxygen, you notice that she is now speaking in​ two- to​ three-word sentences, her skin has​ splotches, and her tongue and neck appear to be swelling. Your next action is to call medical control and then do​ what? 1. Request to assist the patient with her albuterol for anaphylaxis 2. Request to assist the patient with her epinephrine pen for anaphylaxis 3. Request to assist the patient with her albuterol inhaler for her asthma 4. Do not request to give epinephrine. It was prescribed for a peanut​ reaction, not for hornet stings

Answer 74

2. Request to assist the patient with her epinephrine pen for anaphylaxis

Question 75

23). You respond to a medical call for a​ 59-year-old female complaining of tightness in her chest. You place her on a high concentration of oxygen and prepare for a short​ 5-minute transport to the hospital. The patient tells you she is on​ nitroglycerin, which she has not taken. Your partner tells you that you can give aspirin per protocol. Should you delay the patient transport to give the​ medication, and​ why? 1. ​Yes, the nitroglycerin will cause the blood vessels to dilate and restore some blood​ flow, and the aspirin will slow the clotting process 2. No, any delay will cause the patient more​ stress; she needs to be in a definitive care facility 3. No, any delay will cause the patient more heart​ damage; each delay weakens the myocardium 4. Yes, the nitroglycerin will cause the heart to beat stronger and restore some blood​ flow, and the aspirin will ease the pain

Answer 75

1. ​Yes, the nitroglycerin will cause the blood vessels to dilate and restore some blood​ flow, and the aspirin will slow the clotting process

Question 76

24). Why should EMTs study​ pharmacology? 1. As an​ EMT, you will be trusted to administer medications in emergency​ situations, although many of these may do nothing but give the patient false hope 2. An EMT must know the​ sources, characteristics, and effects of each medication that the physician may prescribe 3. As an​ EMT, you will be trusted to administer medications in emergency​ situations; many of these may be​ lifesaving, but there is potential to do harm 4. An EMT must know the​ manufacturer, sources,​ characteristics, and effects of every medication that the patient may use

Answer 76

3. As an​ EMT, you will be trusted to administer medications in emergency​ situations; many of these may be​ lifesaving, but there is potential to do harm

Question 77

25). Bronchodilator inhalers have several common side​ effects, which​ include: 1. decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate. 2. bronchodilation and decreased heart rate. 3. jitteriness and increased heart rate. 4. vasoconstriction and increased heart rate.

Answer 77

3. jitteriness and increased heart rate.

Question 78

26). A​ drug’s form refers to which of the​ following? 1. The type of container it comes in 2. Its physical​ state, such as​ powder, liquid, or gas 3. The mandatory paperwork that must be completed when giving any drug 4. The way in which it is administered

Answer 78

2. Its physical​ state, such as​ powder, liquid, or gas

Question 79

27). The study of the effects of medications on the body in relation to​ patient-specific factors such as age and weight is​ called: 1. pharmacology 2. pharmacodynamics 3. reassessment. 4. measurement and documentation

Answer 79

2. pharmacodynamics

Question 80

28). You are on the scene of a​ 44-year-old female patient who has attempted suicide by taking all 30 pills of her antidepressant medication at once. You are ordered by medical control to administer activated charcoal. How will activated charcoal reduce the effects of the​ medication? 1. Activated charcoal will inactivate the​ patient’s stomach acid 2. Activated charcoal will cause the patient to vomit the medication 3. Activated charcoal will bind to the​ medication, reducing absorption 4. Activated charcoal will coat the​ intestines, preventing absorption

Answer 80

3. Activated charcoal will bind to the​ medication, reducing absorption

Question 81

29). Which of the following statements concerning oxygen is true​? 1. Only withhold oxygen from anyone who is allergic to it 2. Always document the need for oxygen by pulse oximetry before giving it to the patient 3. Never give oxygen to a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease​ (COPD) 4. Never withhold oxygen from any patient who needs it

Answer 81

4. Never withhold oxygen from any patient who needs it

Question 82

30). Name the type of medical direction consisting of standing orders and protocols. 1. Written 2. On-line 3. Off-line 4. Verbal

Answer 82

3. Off-line

Question 83

31). Choose the correct completion to this statement regarding intravenous​ (IV) administration: This route is used to administer medication into the body directly or through the bloodstream and​ is: 1. given in the field only with respect to blood transfusions. 2. used in advanced life support only when the patient is intubated 3. typically only performed in the prehospital environment. 4. beyond the scope of the EMT level.

Answer 83

4. beyond the scope of the EMT level.

Question 84

32). What is the first step in administering a prescribed aerosol​ medication? 1. Make sure the patient is suffering from​ asthma, emphysema, or bronchitis. 2. Check to make sure the medication is correct 3. Determine that the dose is correct 4. Determine that the inhaler actually belongs to the patient

Answer 84

4. Determine that the inhaler actually belongs to the patient

Question 85

33). Nitroglycerin​ (Nitro) is used for patients with recurrent chest pain or a history of heart attack. Nitro is most commonly supplied in what two​ forms? 1. Aerosol and spray 2. Pills and injectable 3. Ointment and pills 4. Pills and spray

Answer 85

4. Pills and spray

Question 86

34). Which of the following instructions should you give to a patient whom you are about to assist with administering​ epinephrine? 1. I am going to inject medication into your thigh 2. Insert the mouthpiece and inhale deeply as you depress the canister 3. Open your mouth and lift your tongue so I can spray this medication under your tongue 4. This is not pleasant​ tasting, but it is important that you drink all of it

Answer 86

1. I am going to inject medication into your thigh

Question 87

35). Which of the following best describes the five​ rights? 1. Right​ patient, right​ medication, right​ time, right​ dose, right route 2. Right​ patient, right​ medication, in​ date, right​ dose, right route 3. Right​ decision, right​ medication, right​ order, right​ dose, right place 4. In​ date, right​ medication, right​ order, right​ dose, right time

Answer 87

1. Right​ patient, right​ medication, right​ time, right​ dose, right route

Question 88

36). You have just administered nitroglycerin to a​ 68-year-old patient. Within a few​ minutes, she complains of feeling faint and​ lightheaded, but states that she is still having some chest pain. Which of the following would be the best sequence of​ actions? 1. Increase the amount of oxygen you are giving to the patient before administering a second dose of nitroglycerin 2. Advise the patient that this is a normal occurrence and administer a second dose of nitroglycerin 3. Administer activated charcoal to prevent further absorption of the nitroglycerin and closely monitor the​ patient’s blood pressure 4. Lower the head of the stretcher and take the​ patient’s blood pressure

Answer 88

4. Lower the head of the stretcher and take the​ patient’s blood pressure

Question 89

37). When is a heparin or saline lock used in IV​ administration? 1. When a traditional IV bag is used 2. When medication or IV access might be needed later on 3. When fluid is likely to be administered 4. When IV administration will not involve a vein

Answer 89

2. When medication or IV access might be needed later on

Question 90

38). Which of the following is often prescribed for a patient with a heart​ condition? 1. Ventolin 2. Nitroglycerin 3. Non-aspirin pain relievers such as Tylenol 4. Epinephrine​ auto-injector

Answer 90

2. Nitroglycerin

Question 91

39). What is the first medication that should be administered to a patient experiencing chest pain with difficulty​ breathing? 1. Oxygen 2. Aspirin 3. Nitroglycerin 4. Albuterol

Answer 91

1. Oxygen

Question 92

40). Which of the following is a potential side effect of​ nitroglycerin? 1. Decreased blood pressure 2. Sudden increase in heart rate 3. Difficulty breathing 4. All of the above

Answer 92

1. Decreased blood pressure

Question 93

41). What is the most important medication that should be administered to a patient experiencing chest pain with difficulty​ breathing? 1. Nitroglycerin 2. Oxygen 3. Albuterol 4. Aspirin

Answer 93

4. Aspirin

Question 94

42). Why would an EMT give aspirin to a​ patient? 1. Aspirin reduces the pain level in patients who are in pain. 2. It is given to calm the patient by reducing the pain because stress is the real killer 3. Aspirin reduces the​ blood’s ability to clot and works to prevent further clot formation in patients suffering chest pain 4. Aspirin reduces the​ heart’s ability to beat fast and works to prevent a rapid heart rate

Answer 94

3. Aspirin reduces the​ blood’s ability to clot and works to prevent further clot formation in patients suffering chest pain

Question 95

43). How is activated​ charcoal, which is carried by some EMS​ systems, supplied for use in emergency​ situations? 1. As a fine liquid spray for inhalation 2. As a gel or paste 3. As a​ powder, which is mixed with water before administration 4. As tablets

Answer 95

3. As a​ powder, which is mixed with water before administration

Question 96

44). What condition must be present before you give oral​ glucose? 1. The patient must be unconscious and have a history of diabetes. 2. The​ patient, if​ conscious, must be able to​ swallow; if​ unconscious, you can apply the gel to a tongue depressor and place it between the cheek and gum or under the tongue. 3. The patient must not have a history of diabetes. 4. The patient must be conscious and able to swallow with an altered mental status and history of diabetes

Answer 96

4. The patient must be conscious and able to swallow with an altered mental status and history of diabetes

Question 97

45). What medication is given when a patient suffers from a medical or traumatic condition called​ hypoxia? 1. Epinephrine 2. Oxygen 3. Aspirin 4. Oral glucose

Answer 97

2. Oxygen

Question 98

46). Epinephrine delivered by​ auto-injector may be indicated for patients with which of the following​ conditions? 1. Severe allergies to peanut​ butter, shellfish,​ penicillin, or bee stings 2. Chest pain 3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 4. Drug overdose

Answer 98

1. Severe allergies to peanut​ butter, shellfish,​ penicillin, or bee stings

Question 99

47). When you give patients​ nitroglycerin, they sometimes develop a headache. This would be called​ a(n): 1. side effect. 2. contraindication 3. indication 4. untoward effect

Answer 99

1. side effect.

Question 100

48). An EMT is on the scene of a​ 48-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain. He has nitroglycerin prescribed and available. After performing the primary and secondary​ assessments, the EMT contacts medical control and is ordered to assist the patient in taking his nitroglycerin.​ Carefully, the EMT performs the​ “five rights” and checks the expiration before administering the medication. The patient states the medicine is not helping his pain. The patient also states he does not have a headache. Reassessment of the​ patient’s vital signs shows no change in blood pressure. The EMT suspects the nitro is not working because​ the: 1. medication was somehow rendered inert. 2. medication is expired 3. medication is not nitroglycerin 4. EMT only gave one tablet instead of two

Answer 100

1. medication was somehow rendered inert.

Question 101

49). Nitroglycerin is indicated for which of the following chief​ complaints? 1. Decreased level of consciousness 2. Headache 3. Difficulty breathing 4. Chest Pain

Answer 101

4. Chest Pain

Question 102

ANALGESICS: DRUGS PRESCRIBED FOR PAIN RELIEF

Answer 102

• Acetaminophen (Anacin -3, Panaol, Tempra, Tylenol) - Aspirin (Ecotrin, Emprin) - Ibuprofen (Actiprofen, Advil, Excedrin IS, Motrin, Novoprofen, Nuprin) - Indomethacin (Indocin) - Nalbuphhine (Nubain) - Naproxen (Naprosyn, Aleve) **- Morphine (Astramorph PF, Duramorph, MS Contin, Roxanol) **-Codeine **- Oxycodone (OxyContin) - Propoxyphane (Darvon)

Question 103

ANTIDYSRHYTHMICS: DRUGS PRESCRIBED FOR HEART RHYTHM DISORDERS

Answer 103

• Carvedilol (Coreg) - Digoxin (Lanoxin) - Disopyramide (Norpace) - Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL) - Propranolol (Inderal) - Procainamide (Procan SR, Pronestyl) - Verapamil (Calan, Calan SR, Isoptin, Isoptin SR, Verelan)

Question 104

ANTICONVULSANTS: DRUGS PRESCRIBED FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SEIZURES

Answer 104

• Carbamazepine (Epitol, Tegretol) - Ethosuximide (Zarontin) - Gabapentin (Neurontin) - Lamotrigine (Lamictal) - Levetiracetam (Keppra) - Phenobarbital (Solfoton) - Phenytoin (Dilantin) - Primidone (Mysoline) - Topiramate (Topamax) - Valproic acid (Depakene)

Question 105

ANTIHYPERTENSIVES: DRUGS PRESCRIBED TO REDUCE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

Answer 105

• amlodipine (Norvasc) - captopril (Capoten) - clonidine (Catapres) - hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril, Oretic) - hydralazine (Apresoline, Hydralazine HCL) - methyldopa (Aldomet) - nifedipine (Adalat, Adalat CC, Procardia) - prazosin (Minipress)

Question 106

BRONCHODILATORS: DRUGS THAT RELAX THE SMOOTH MUSCLES OF THE BRONCHIAL TUBES. THESE MEDICATIONS PROVIDE RELIEF OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND ALLERGIES AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Answer 106

• albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin HFA, Volmax) - albuterol/iprattropium (Combivent, DuoNeb) - ipratropium (Atrovent) - levalbuterol (Xopenex) - metaproterenol (Alupent, Metaproterenol sulfate, Metaprel) - montelukast (Singulair) - salmeterol (Serevent) - zafirlukast (Accolate)

Question 107

ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS: DRUGS PRESCRIBED TO DIABETIC PATIENTS TO CONTROL HYGLYCEMIA (HIGH BLOOD SUGAR)

Answer 107

• glimepiride (Amaryl) - glipizide (Glucotrol) - glyburide (DiBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase) - insulin (Humulin, Novolin, NPH, Humalog) - metformin (Glucopage) - rosiglitazone maleate (Avandia)

Question 108

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENTS: DRUGS PRESRIBED TO HELP REGULATE THE EMOTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE PATIENT TO MINIMIZE THE PEAKS AND VALLEYS IN THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL STATES

Answer 108

• amitriptyline (Elavil) - amoxapine (Asendin) - bupropion (Wellbutrin) - citalopram (Celexa) - clomipramine (Anafranil) - escitalopram (Lexapro) - fluoxetine (Prozac) - imipramine (Tofranil) - nefazodone (Serzone) - nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor) - paroxetine (Paxil) - protriptyline (Vivactil) - sertraline (Zoloft) - trimipramine (Sumontil) - venlafaxine (Effexor)

Question 109

BLOOD THINNERS: PRESCRIBED ANTI-COAGULANT AGENTS

Answer 109

• apixaban (Eliquis) - dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa) - injected low-molecular weight heparin (Lovenox) - rivaroxaban ((Xarelto) - ticagrelor (Plavix) - warfarin (coumadin)

Question 110

BLOOD THINNERS: PRESCRIBED ANT-PLATLET AGENTS

Answer 110

• aspirin - clipidogrel (Plavix) - ticagrelor (Brillinta)

Question 111

The Five (5) Rights

Answer 111

1. Right medication 2. Right dosage 3. Right time of administration 4. Right effects noted 5. Right route administered

Question 112

Liquids injected in a way that they circumvent going through the GI tract are……

Answer 112

Parenteral Examples: Epinephrine auto injector

Question 113

Liquids taken that go through the GI tract are called:

Answer 113

Eternal route Examples are: Cough syrup