Question 1

``` H-1). A severe or​ life-threatening allergic reaction in which the blood vessels dilate and the tissues lining the respiratory system swell is known​ as: A. tachycardia. B. anaphylaxis. C. hypotension. D. hypoxia. ```

Accepted Answer

B. anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe or​ life-threatening allergic reaction in which the blood vessels dilate and the tissues lining the respiratory system swell.

Question 2

``` H-2). Which of the following would be atypical for either an allergic or an anaphylactic​ reaction? A. Decreased blood pressure B. ​Clear, unblemished skin C. Increased heart rate D. Hives ```

Accepted Answer

B. ​Clear, unblemished skin You can get hives with a simple skin reaction or an acute anaphylactic reaction. In a​ non-life-threatening allergic​ reaction, hives tend to be​ localized, whereas in an anaphylactic​ reaction, hives tend to be generalized over wide areas of the body. Unblemished skin would be atypical for either an allergic or an anaphylactic reaction. Hypotension and tachycardia are both associated with anaphylaxis.

Question 3

``` H-3). Which of the following is a sign of an anaphylactic reaction but not of a​ non-life-threatening allergic​ reaction? A. Stridor B. Cough C. Sneezing D. Wheezing ```

Accepted Answer

A. Stridor NOTE: The KEY here is "NOT of a NON-LIFE THREATENING ALLERGIC REACTION" meaning that it IS indicative of a LIFE THREATENING ALLERGIC REACTION

Question 4

``` H-4). A patient with anaphylaxis must have either respiratory distress​ or: A. ​sneezing, cough, or mild dyspnea. B. local swelling. C. signs and symptoms of shock. D. a history of allergies. ```

Accepted Answer

C. signs and symptoms of shock. To be considered a severe allergic​ reaction, or​ anaphylaxis, the patient must have either respiratory distress or signs and symptoms of shock.

Question 5

``` H-5). Which of the following assessment findings is most likely to indicate a severe allergic​ reaction? A. Local swelling B. Wheezing C. Local hives D. Hypotension ```

Accepted Answer

D. Hypotension Although all these findings indicate an allergic​ reaction, only hypotension indicates a severe reaction.

Question 6

``` H-6). What does the immune system use to fight off invasion by foreign substances in the​ body? A. Capillaries B. Allergens C. Mucus D. Antibodies ```

Accepted Answer

D. Antibodies The first time someone is exposed to an​ allergen, the immune system forms antibodies in response. These antibodies are the​ body's attempt to attack the foreign substances.

Question 7

``` H-7). The second time that a person is exposed to an​ allergen, the antibodies formed in response to that​ allergen: A. cease to be effective. B. must be reformed. C. revert to an inactive state. D. already exist in the​ person's body. ```

Accepted Answer

D. already exist in the​ person's body.

Question 8

``` H-8). A​ 44-year-old female has anaphylaxis after being injected with a new antibiotic. The patient has stridor. This finding is most likely due​ to: A. swelling around the vocal cords. B. pulmonary edema. C. bronchoconstriction. D. hypovolemia. ```

Accepted Answer

A. swelling around the vocal cords. Swelling in the upper​ airway, such as around the vocal​ cords, is the most likely cause of stridor. Pulmonary edema typically causes rales. Bronchoconstriction causes wheezing.

Question 9

``` H-9). The release of histamine and other chemicals during an allergic reaction does what to thick mucus in the​ lungs? A. Loosens it B. Promotes its production C. Depletes it D. Thins it ```

Accepted Answer

B. Promotes its production The release of histamine and other chemicals during an allergic reaction promotes the production of thick mucus in the lungs.

Question 10

``` H-10). ​Bees, yellowjackets,​ wasps, and hornets cause allergic reactions​ with: A. pollen. B. any contact. C. their stings. D. their bites. ```

Accepted Answer

C. their stings. Bees, yellowjackets,​ wasps, and hornets can cause rapid anaphylaxis by stinging. Biting and​ non-flying insects can cause​ anaphylaxis, but not as commonly as​ bees, yellowjackets,​ wasps, and hornets.

Question 11

``` H-11). What typically distinguishes a peanut allergy from other food​ allergies? A. Linked to many other allergies B. Slower effect C. Lesser severity D. Rapid onset ```

Accepted Answer

D. Rapid onset In most​ cases, the effect of a food allergy is slower than that seen with insect stings. An exception is peanuts. Peanut allergies are frequently very severe and very rapid in onset. Many people with allergies to one food will have allergies to related foods​ (e.g., someone who is allergic to almonds is more likely to be allergic to​ walnuts). Again, peanuts are an exception. People who are allergic to peanuts do not necessarily have any other​ allergies, including to nuts​ (in part because peanuts are​ legumes, not​ nuts). Important to note: A patient with this allergy does NOT have a "nut allergy." They have a PEANUT allergy. So, this is what differentiates their allergy from the legume family and the nut family. People want to know WHY someone has a nut allergy if someone is allergic to peanuts. That is the reason why.

Question 12

H-12). Which of the following statements about epinephrine is​ true? A. Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the body. B. Epinephrine will slow the heart rate. C. EMTs are not trained to use the epinephrine​ auto-injector. D. Epinephrine is indicated for moderate allergic reactions.

Accepted Answer

A. Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the body -- It is also called adrenaline

Question 13

``` H-13). A​ 7-year-old male patient was stung by a bee while playing outside. He is crying and being held by his mother. Which of the following signs would indicate a need to administer epinephrine to this​ patient? A. Stridor B. Local hives C. Coughing D. Mild anxiety ```

Accepted Answer

A. Stridor Although all these findings indicate an allergic​ reaction, only stridor would indicate anaphylaxis and therefore require epinephrine. NOTE: It is indicative of anaphylaxis, not necessarily,

Question 14

``` H-14). Asking a patient experiencing an allergic reaction about how the patient was exposed to the allergen involved typically happens​ during: A. taking baseline vital signs. B. secondary assessment. C. reassessment. D. primary assessment. ```

Accepted Answer

B. secondary assessment.

Question 15

H-15). Completing the remainder of the past medical history for a patient with an allergic reaction typically​ happens: A. before determining to which allergen the patient was exposed. B. after reassessing the patient following administration of epinephrine. C. before care for​ life-threatening problems. D. after inquiring about what interventions may have already been provided.

Accepted Answer

D. after inquiring about what interventions may have already been provided Completing the remainder of the past medical history for a patient with an allergic reaction typically happens after inquiring about what interventions may have already been provided but before providing any patient care such as administering epinephrine.

Question 16

H-16). What is an exception to the rule that EMTs may only administer epinephrine for patients with a​ prescription? A. The patient signs a permission form. B. The region allows EMTs to carry and administer epinephrine. C. It is impossible to contact medical direction for authorization. D. The patient is in anaphylactic shock.

Accepted Answer

B. The region allows EMTs to carry and administer epinephrine. In some​ areas, EMTs carry and administer epinephrine. If this is the​ case, a prescription for epinephrine is not necessary.

Question 17

H-17). A patient with anaphylaxis is carrying a prescribed EpiPen. The EMT in this​ case: A. must contact medical control for authorization before assisting the patient with administration of the epinephrine. B. may freely assist the patient with administration of the epinephrine but may not personally administer it. C. may freely administer epinephrine to the patient. D. must observe the​ patient's actions with the EpiPen but not assist or otherwise intervene.

Accepted Answer

A. must contact medical control for authorization before assisting the patient with administration of the epinephrine. If a patient with anaphylaxis is carrying a prescribed​ EpiPen, the EMT must still contact medical control for authorization before assisting the patient with administration of the epinephrine.

Question 18

``` H-18). A​ 15-year-old male has hives and GI distress after ingesting eggs. Medical control has ordered administration of an epinephrine​ auto-injector: Which of the following findings would be an expected side effect of this​ drug? A. Nausea B. Muscle cramps C. Excessive hunger D. Drowsiness ```

Accepted Answer

A. Nausea Nausea is a common side effect of epinephrine administration. Patients do not commonly become​ drowsy; they typically become agitated. Cramping is​ possible, but it is not as common as nausea.

Question 19

``` H-19). What is not a side effect of epinephrine​ administration? A. Nausea and vomiting B. Dilation of the bronchioles C. Increased heart rate D. Excitability and anxiety ```

Accepted Answer

B. Dilation of the bronchioles Dilation of the bronchioles is one of the expected actions of epinephrine administration. The other effects are side effects.

Question 20

``` H-20). The recommended single dosage of epinephrine for an infant or child with a severe allergic reaction is how many​ milligrams? A. 0.15 mg B. 0.30 mg C. 0.03 mg D. 1.50 mg ```

Accepted Answer

A. 0.15 mg This is half of the adult dose which is .30 (.3)

Question 21

H-21). Your patient is suffering from severe anaphylactic shock. After obtaining the​ patient's epinephrine​ auto-injector and ensuring that it is prescribed to your​ patient, you​ should: A. remove the cap from the device. B. ensure that you have appropriate medical direction to administer the medication. C. place the tip of the device against the​ patient's thigh. D. have a friend or family member administer the epinephrine into the outer region of the​ patient's thigh.

Accepted Answer

B. ensure that you have appropriate medical direction to administer the medication. The EMT must have authorization and follow all protocols for any given intervention. In this​ situation, the EMT may have to contact medical control before administration of the EpiPen.

Question 22

``` H-22). Which of the following is the most reliable indication of improvement in a patient with anaphylaxis who was treated with an epinephrine​ auto-injector? A. Improvement of breathing difficulty B. Increased sweating C. Persistent tachycardia D. Decrease in blood pressure ```

Accepted Answer

A. Improvement of breathing difficulty Epinephrine will cause​ bronchodilation, which will improve the ease of breathing. Tachycardia is a common side effect but can also be present without improvement. Epinephrine typically raises blood pressure.

Question 23

H-23) Which of the following actions is no longer necessary if reassessment after treatment of anaphylaxis has demonstrated​ improvement? A. Additional dosages of epinephrine B. Treatment for shock C. Administration of oxygen D. Monitoring of vital​ signs, including lung sounds

Accepted Answer

A. Additional dosages of epinephrine

Question 24

``` PT-1). What are produced by the body to attack foreign​ substances? A. Allergens B. Antibodies C. Platelets D. Antigens ```

Accepted Answer

B. Antibodies

Question 25

``` PT-2). Histamine release increases vascular permeability. What physical sign is associated with this​ pathophysiology? A. Flushed skin B. Decreased cardiac output C. Urticaria D. Swelling ```

Accepted Answer

D. Swelling

Question 26

``` PT-3). Which of the following is an anticipated side effect of epinephrine​ administration? A. Tachycardia B. Vasodilation C. Lethargy D. Hypotension ```

Accepted Answer

A. Tachycardia

Question 27

PT-4). What finding is least likely to make an EMT suspect an allergic​ reaction? A. The patient complains of​ itching, hives, or difficulty breathing. B. The patient has come into contact with an allergen that has caused an allergic reaction in the past. C. The patient has dry eyes and nose. D. The patient shows signs or symptoms of shock.

Accepted Answer

C. The patient has dry eyes and nose.

Question 28

``` PT-5). What finding most clearly indicates​ anaphylaxis? A. Mild dyspnea B. Generalized pallor C. Local swelling D. Local hives ```

Accepted Answer

B. Generalized pallor

Question 29

PT-6). A​ 35-year-old male is suffering a severe anaphylactic reaction. You have administered one of the​ patient's two epinephrine​ auto-injectors as​ indicated; however, after 10​ minutes, the​ patient's condition has not improved. You should​ next: A. wait 10 more minutes and then administer the second​ auto-injector. B. inject the second​ auto-injector, but this time try to inject it into a vein. C. consult with medical control and administer the second​ auto-injector. D. not administer the second​ auto-injector, because two consecutive doses of epinephrine are never indicated. The second one is simply a spare.

Accepted Answer

C. consult with medical control and administer the second​ auto-injector.

Question 30

PT-7). Which of the following statements about poison ivy is​ true? A. Poison ivy must enter the system through broken skin. B. It is the oil on the leaves of the poison ivy plant that causes the allergic reaction. C. Only about​ 10% of the population is allergic to poison ivy. D. Poison ivy is a common cause of weeping sores on the skin.

Accepted Answer

B. It is the oil on the leaves of the poison ivy plant that causes the allergic reaction.

Question 31

``` PT-8). In an allergic reaction when an antibody combines with the​ allergen, what substance is released that causes​ bronchoconstriction, promotion of thick mucus production in the​ lungs, vasodilation, and increased vascular​ permeability? A. Basophils B. Adrenaline C. Histamine D. Plasma ```

Accepted Answer

C. Histamine

Question 32

``` PT-9). A​ 17-year-old male presents with itchy skin after exposure to peanuts. He is allergic to peanuts. The findings at this point​ indicate: A. an anxiety attack. B. a skin infection. C. an anaphylactic reaction. D. an allergic reaction. ```

Accepted Answer

D. an allergic reaction.

Question 33

``` PT-10) If a patient reports an allergy to​ walnuts, what other food should the patient probably​ avoid? A. Strawberries B. Chocolate C. Almonds D. Crayfish ```

Accepted Answer

C. Almonds

Question 34

``` PT-11) Which of the following would best describe a situation where a patient was experiencing shock and respiratory compromise after exposure to a known​ allergen? A. Moderate allergic reaction B. Mild allergic reaction C. Anaphylaxis D. Local allergic reaction ```

Accepted Answer

C. Anaphylaxis

Question 35

PT-12). In your management of a patient with true anaphylaxis who has a prescribed epinephrine​ auto-injector, which of the following interventions is most​ correct? A. Contact medical direction for authorization to administer the epinephrine​ auto-injector. B. Wait for ALS to arrive before giving any​ medications, including epinephrine. C. Place the patient on oxygen at 6 lpm via nasal cannula. D. If the patient is​ unconscious, place the patient upright in a position of comfort to assist with the​ patient's breathing difficulty.

Accepted Answer

A. Contact medical direction for authorization to administer the epinephrine​ auto-injector.

Question 36

``` PT-13) What change in vital signs would typically indicate that a patient with an allergic reaction has progressed to​ anaphylaxis? A. Bradypnea B. Hypertension C. Decreased oxygen saturation D. Bradycardia ```

Accepted Answer

C. Decreased oxygen saturation

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CH 23 Allergic Reactions Flashcards

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