CH 21 Resuscitation Flashcards
H1). Which type of cardiac arrest is caused by conditions such as respiratory problems and shock? A. Agonal cardiac arrest B. Asphyxial cardiac arrest C. Sudden cardiac arrest D. Commotio cordis
B. Asphyxial cardiac arrest (Page 585)
Asphyxial cardiac arrest implies that the heart has stopped pumping due to issues related to systemic hypoxia. Conditions like respiratory problems and shock, which lead to low oxygen levels in the blood, cause this type of cardiac arrest.
H2). Which of the following patients is most likely to be in cardiac arrest?
A. Unresponsive, agonal breathing, no carotid pulse
B. Unresponsive, no breathing, carotid pulse of 40 per minute
C. Responds to pain only, agonal breathing, no radial pulse
D. Unresponsive, respiratory rate of 8 per minute, no radial pulse
A. Unresponsive, agonal breathing, no carotid pulse
The three key features of a cardiac arrest patient are unresponsiveness, agonal or no breathing, and absence of a central pulse.
H3). A "pit crew" approach is involved in: A. high-performance CPR. B. advanced life support. C. rapid defibrillation. D. emergency medical response
A “pit crew” approach is involved in:
High-performance CPR involves a “pit crew,” or highly choreographed, approach to resuscitation. In this type of CPR, rescuers position themselves for maximum efficiency and minimum interruption of high-quality CPR. Advanced life support involves EMT professionals specialized in providing specific ALS interventions who coordinate with the rest of the life support team, but the team doesn’t provide advance life support in a pit crew approach. Emergency medical response in general may or may not involve this approach, and rapid defibrillation may be performed by a single rescuer.
H4) Expect to perform one-rescuer CPR: A. under direct ALS supervision. B. if you are the first and only responder. C. in any emergency response situation. D. when lifting and moving patients.
B. if you are the first and only responder.
If you are alone waiting for the arrival of an AED, as in a first-response situation, you may need to perform one-rescuer CPR. You should not expect to perform one-rescuer CPR in any emergency response situation, such as in situations involving high-performance CPR. You cannot expect to receive direct ALS supervision when performing CPR. CPR cannot be performed while lifting and moving patients.
H5) The direction of the shock from a monophasic defibrillator is:
A. dependent on the device settings.
B. from positive to negative.
C. dependent on the position of the pads.
D. from negative to positive.
D. from negative to positive.
Whereas a biphasic defibrillator sends a shock first in one direction between negative and positive and then in the other, the traditional monophasic defibrillator sends a single shock from the negative pad to the positive pad.
H6) You are using the Zoll AutoPulse resuscitation system. An advanced airway is in place. What is the correct compression rate per minute? A. 80 B. 60 C. 75 D. 100
D. 100
The correct compression rate when using the Zoll AutoPulse device is a continuous 100 per minute.
H7) You are using the Zoll AutoPulse resuscitation system. An advanced airway is in place. What is the correct ventilation rate per minute? A. 8-10 B. 12-20 C. 20-30 D. 16-24
A. 8-10
The correct ventilation rate when using the Zoll AutoPulse device is 810 per minute. (100 per minute)
H8) Your patient is unresponsive and is not breathing. Your partner is calling for ALS backup. Which of the following airway adjuncts is appropriate? A. Small-volume nebulizer B. Pocket mask C. Bag-valve mask D. Oropharyngeal airway
D. Oropharyngeal airway
An oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway should be used for the unresponsive, apneic patient. The BVM, pocket mask, and nebulizer are not airway adjuncts.
H9) Which of the following must the EMT do while the AED analyzes the rhythm? A. Continue high-quality CPR B. Check for a pulse C. Stay clear D. Ventilate at a rate of 12 per minute
- C. Stay clear
The rescuer must stay clear and stop contact with the patient when the AED analyzes the rhythm. Continuing contact with the patient can interfere with the AED’s ability to identify a shockable rhythm.
H10) In a cardiac arrest situation, in addition to reanalyzing with the AED every 2 minutes, during the "clear" interval you should: A. check the pulse at the wrist. B. assess the blood pressure. C. change compressors. D. contact medical control.
C. change compressors.
No provider should compress the chest for more than two minutes. Fatigue sets in (even if it is not felt), and the quality of chest compressions decreases. Therefore, during each analysis by the AED, compressors should be switched.
H11) Before you press the shock button on the AED, you should call “Clear!” and do which of the following?
A. Call 911
B. Check the pulse again
C. Scan the patient from head to toe to ensure that no one is touching him
D. Give two breaths
C. Scan the patient from head to toe to ensure that no one is touching him
Before shocking, you should scan the patient from head to toe to ensure that no one is touching the patient or any conductive material that the patient is touching. You should not delay for breathing or pulse checks.
H12) Under which circumstance may you cease resuscitation efforts?
A. No other trained rescuers have arrived.
B. The patient is not breathing.
C. A bystander with first responder training can take over.
D. Spontaneous circulation occurs.
D. Spontaneous circulation occurs.
Once you have started resuscitation, you may cease to provide resuscitation if spontaneous circulation occurs, but you should continue to provide rescue breathing as needed.
H13) Which statement is correct?
A. Resuscitation efforts must continue until ALS has provided an advanced airway intervention.
B. If you are exhausted, a bystander may take over if you give that person verbal instructions.
C. You may cease resuscitation efforts if you are too exhausted to continue.
D. Resuscitation efforts must continue until spontaneous circulation and breathing both occur.
C. You may cease resuscitation efforts if you are too exhausted to continue.
You may cease resuscitation efforts if you are too exhausted to continue. You cannot turn over resuscitation efforts to a responder with less training than you. Resuscitation efforts may cease if spontaneous circulation occurs, but you should provide rescue breathing as needed. Resuscitation efforts do not necessarily need to continue until ALS provides an advanced airway intervention.
H14) In which of the following situations should an AED be immediately attached and deployed? A. A patient with an implanted pacemaker B. A patient touching metal C. A provider touching a patient D. A patient lying in water
A. A patient with an implanted pacemaker
Safety hazards that would delay defibrillation include someone’s touching the patient, the patient’s being wet or in water, or the patient’s touching metal. Implanted pacemakers can cause impedance to defibrillation (and pads should be offset to avoid them), but an AED can be used safely in that situation.
H15) A team has just rescued several people from the ocean after their boat capsized. You are working on a patient in cardiac arrest. Which type of defibrillator would be best for you to use in this situation? A. Public-access AED B. Manual defibrillator C. Monophasic defibrillator D. Biphasic defibrillator
D. Biphasic defibrillator
When caring for a wet patient in cardiac arrest who needs defibrillation, a modern biphasic defibrillator is unlikely to cause a rescuer significant harm.
PT1). As you arrive for a patient in cardiac arrest, bystanders are analyzing the patient with an AED. You should:
A. turn off the AED and check for a pulse.
B. allow the AED to shock before you take over care.
C. stay back until bystanders transfer care to you.
D. remove the AED and apply your own.
B. allow the AED to shock before you take over care.
PT2). For both the Lucas and Zoll AutoPulse CPR devices, you would take Standard Precautions and:
A. close the Lifeband over the patient’s chest.
B. ensure CPR is in progress and effective.
C. apply the stabilization strap.
D. position the pressure pad so that it touches the chest.
B. ensure CPR is in progress and effective.
PT3). If you are in doubt as to when or whether to terminate resuscitation efforts, seek the advice of: A. another EMT. B. a family member of the patient. C. a physician. D. an ALS provider.
C. a physician.
PT4). If you turn resuscitation efforts for a patient over to another rescuer, this person must be trained to which level of proficiency?
A. The level of an ALS provider
B. The highest possible level
C. The same level as or a greater level than you
D. The level of a physician
C. The same level as or a greater level than you
PT5). Which of the following is not one of the links in the chain of survival?
A. Rehabilitation
B. Immediate recognition and activation of the emergency response system
C. Immediate high-quality CPR
D. Rapid defibrillation
A. Rehabilitation
PT6) Delivery of an electrical shock to restore a normal heart rhythm most directly affects which of the following? A. Electrical function in the heart B. Blood pressure C. Peripheral pulses D. Blood circulation
A. Electrical function in the heart
