Question 1

Vital SX

Accepted Answer

Outward sx of what is going on inside the body, including respiration; pulse; skin color; temperature and condition (plus capillary refill in infants and children); pupils; and blood pressure

Question 2

Tachycardia

Accepted Answer

A rapid pulse; any resting pulse rate above 100 BPM in an adult

Question 3

Bradycardia

Accepted Answer

A slow pulse; any pulse rate below 60 BPM

Question 4

NORMAL PULSE RATES (BPM AT REST)

Accepted Answer

Adult : 60-100 Adolescent (11-18) : 60-100 School Age (6-10) : 65-120 (awake; slightly lower when asleep) Preschoolers : 70-120 (awake; slightly lower when asleep) Toddler (1-3) : 80-140 (awake; slightly lower when sleep) Infant (0-12 months) : 100-170 (awake; slightly lower when asleep)

Question 5

PULSE QUALITY/SIGNIFICANCE POSSIBLE CAUSES

Accepted Answer

- RAPID, REGULAR, and FULL / Exertion, fright, fever, Hypertension, first stage of Hypovolemia - RAPID. REGULAR and THREADY / Shock, later stages of shock IRREGULAR / Abnormal electrical activity in the heart SLOW / head injury, drugs some poisons, some heart problems, alack of O2 in children NO PULSE / Cardiac arrest (clinical death) \ \ Note - If patient is awake and talking, but has no carotid pulses, ask if the patient has a ventricular assist device

Question 6

Pulse quality

Accepted Answer

The rhythm (regular or irregular) and force (strong or weak) of the the pulse

Question 7

Radial Pulse

Accepted Answer

The pulse felt at the wrist

Question 8

Brachial Pulse

Accepted Answer

The pulse felt in the upper arm

Question 9

Carotid Pulse

Accepted Answer

The pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck

Question 10

Respiration

Accepted Answer

The act of breathing in and breathing out

Question 11

Respiratory rate

Accepted Answer

The number of breaths taken in one minute

Question 12

NORMAL RESPIRATORY RATES (Breaths per minute, at rest)

Accepted Answer

Adult - 12-20 Above 24 : Serious Below 10 : Serious Adolescent (13-18 Years) - 12-20 School Age (6-12 Years) - 18-30 Preschooler (3-5 Years) - 22-34 Toddler (1-3 Years) - 24-40 Infant (0-6 months) - 30-60 (6-12 months) - 24-30 Newborn - 30-60 ( \>60 considered Tachypnea)

Question 13

RESPIRATORY SOUNDS/POSSIBLE CAUSES/INTERVENTIONS

Accepted Answer

\ SNORING Possible Causes Airway blocked; Open patient's airway; INTERVENTION : PROMPT TRANSPORT \ WHEEZING Possible Causes: Medical problem such as asthma/assist patient in taking prescribed medications; INTERVENTION : PROMPT TRANSPORT \ GURGLING - Possible Causes - Fluids in Airway - INTERVENTION : SUCTION AIRWAY; PROMPT TRANSPORT \ CROWING - Possible Causes : Medical problems that cannot be treated on scene - INTERVENTION : PROMPT TRANSPORT

Question 14

Respiratory Quality

Accepted Answer

The normal or abnormal (shallow, labored or noisy) character of breathing

Question 15

Respiratory Rhythm

Accepted Answer

The regular or irregular spacing of breaths

Question 16

SKIN COLOR SIGNIFICANCE/POSSIBLE CAUSES

Accepted Answer

\ \ PINK - Normal in light-skinned patients; normal at inner eyelids, lips and nail beds of dark skinned patients \ \ PALE - Constricted blood vessels, possibly resulting from blood loss, shock, hypotension, emotional distress \ \ CYANTOIC (Blue - Gray) - Lack of O2 in blood cells and tissues resulting from inadequate breathing or heart function \ \ FLUSHED (red) - Exposure to heat, emotional excitement \ \ JAUNDICED (Yellow) - Abnormalities of the liver \ \ MOTTLED (Blotchy) - Occasionally in patients with shock

Question 17

SKIN TEMPERATURE/CONDITION SIGNIFCANCE/POSSIBLE CAUSES

Accepted Answer

\ \ COOL, CLAMMY - Sign of shock, anxiety \ \ COLD, MOIST - Body is losing heat \ \ COLD, DRY - Exposure to cold \ \ HOT, DRY - High fever, heat exposure \ \ HOT, MOIST - High fever, heat exposure \ \ \ "GOOSE PIMPLES" ACCOMPANIED BY SHIVERING, CHATTERING TEETH, BLUE LIPS AND PALE SKIN - Chills, communicable disease, exposure to cold, pain or fear

Question 18

Pupil

Accepted Answer

The black center of the eye

Question 19

Dilate

Accepted Answer

Get larger

Question 20

Constrict

Accepted Answer

Get smaller

Question 21

Reactivity

Accepted Answer

In the pupils of the eyes, reacting to light by changing size

Question 22

PUPIL APPEARANCE SIGNIFICANCE POSSIBLE CAUSES

Accepted Answer

\ \ DILATED (larger than normal) - Fright, blood loss, drugs, prescription eye drops \ \ CONSTRICTED (smaller than normal) - Drugs (narcotics), prescription eye drops \ \ UNEQUAL - Stroke, head injury, eye injury, artificial eye, prescription eye drops \ \ LACK OF REACTIVITY - Drugs, lack of O2 to the brain

Question 23

Blood pressure

Accepted Answer

The force of blood against the walls of the blood vessels

Question 24

Systolic Blood Pressure

Accepted Answer

The pressure created when the heart contracts and forces blood out into the arteries

Question 25

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Accepted Answer

The pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling

Question 26

BLOOD PRESSURE NORMAL RANGES - SYSTOLIC

Accepted Answer

\ \ ADULT - Less than or equal to 120 \ \ ADOLESCENT - About 107-117 \ \ AGES 1-10 - Mean systolic pressure is 90+(age in years x 2) Example: Mean systolic pressure for 2 y/o is 90 + 2 x 2 = 4 = 94 \ \ \ Note - this formula is an average, and individual pressures \ \ INFANT - \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Day 0 - Day 10 - 50-70 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ At Day 10 - 90 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Day 10 - 12 months - 90

Question 27

BLOOD PRESSURE -- SIGNIFICANCE/POSSIBLE CAUSES

Accepted Answer

\ \ HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE -- Medical condition, exertion, fright, emotional distress, excitement \ \ LOW BLOOD PRESSURE -- Athlete or other person with normally low blood pressure; blood loss; late sx of shock \ \ NO BLOOD PRESSURE -- Patient with Ventricular Assist Device in Chest; Cardiac Arrest

Question 28

Sphygmomanometer

Accepted Answer

The cuff and the gauge used to measure blood pressure

Question 29

Brachial

Accepted Answer

The major artery in the arm

Question 30

Auscultation

Accepted Answer

Listening. A stethoscope is used to auscultate for characteristic sounds

Question 31

Palpation

Accepted Answer

Touching or feeling. A pulse or blood pressure may be palpated with the fingertips

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CH 13 Vital SX and Monitoring Devices Flashcards

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