Final Exam Flashcards
1) When performing the primary assessment of a 45-year-old patient, which of these skin findings should concern the EMT? A. Cool and moist skin B. 1-second capillary refill C. Pink color to the nail beds D. Skin that is warm to the touch
A. Cool and moist skin
2) A bullet fired from a gun at close range passes through the patient’s liver. However, on autopsy, the examiner discovers that the man’s pancreas, stomach, and gallbladder were also injured, even though not in direct contact with the bullet. You recognize which mechanism is responsible for injuries to these additional organs?
A. Cavitation
B. Drag force
Profile impact
Blunt injury
A. Cavitation
A patient has been involved in a very serious motor vehicle collision and is in shock. Assessment findings indicate that he sustained blunt trauma to the abdominal and pelvic areas. Which type of shock is the patient MOST likely suffering?
Obstructive
Cardiogenic
Distributive
Hypovolemic
Hypovolemic
A 24-year-old male has cut his arm with a table saw. Assessment reveals dark red blood flowing steadily from the laceration. As an EMT, you would identify this bleeding as:
Arterial
Capillary
Venous
Lymphatic
Venous
When evaluating capillary refill time in a pediatric patient, the EMT must remember that:
It is considered more reliable than in an adult
It should be less than 5 seconds
It is not a good test of perfusion
It is not affected by environmental conditions
…
When deciding whether to transport a patient to the hospital using lights and sirens, which information carries the MOST weight in your decision?
Mechanism of injury
Index of suspicion
Past medical history
Assessment findings
Assessment findings
You are assessing an 86-year-old male who fell down a flight of stairs. He complains of severe head, neck, and back pain. Which question is MOST appropriate to ask this patient?
“Were you holding onto the railing?”
“Were you confused when you fell?”
“Do you know what caused you to fall?”
“Do you seem to fall a lot?”
“Do you know what caused you to fall?”
You are assessing a patient with an obvious left mid-shaft femur fracture. The MOST immediate threat to this patient’s survival is:
Infection
Blood loss
Pain
Nerve damage
Blood loss
A patient with difficulty breathing has a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which of these would be a likely type of medication contained in the MDI?
Albuterol
Steroids
Oxygen
Epinephrine
Albuterol
The pancreas would BEST be described as which type of organ?
Vascular
Hollow
Solid
Perforated
…
A 62-year-old male is short of breath. The EMT asks the patient if it would be okay to assess him, including taking his vital signs. The patient agrees by nodding the head “yes.” As such, which is TRUE?
Informed consent has been obtained by the EMT
The EMT has obtained expressed consent
The patient can be transported without further permission
The EMT has gained implied consent
The EMT has obtained expressed consent
A patient with a terminal disease is unresponsive, not breathing, and without a pulse. The family states that the patient has a “Do Not Resuscitate” (DNR) order signed by her medical doctor, but they cannot find it. The EMT should:
Wait for family to locate the DNR
Pronounce the patient deceased
Have the family sign a refusal of care form
Start CPR
Start CPR
What is the term that refers to the structure of the body?
Physiology
Metabolism
Combining forms
Anatomy
Anatomy
Dementia is typically observed as:
A chronic and irreversible condition
Altered mental status with a reversible underlying cause
A chronic condition with a sudden onset
Altered mental status rooted in a psychiatric disorder
A chronic and irreversible condition
The EMT determines the medications a patient takes during which phase of the patient assessment?
Primary assessment
OPQRST exam
Chief complaint
SAMPLE history
SAMPLE history
What is the MOST common potential hazard an EMT faces on scene?
Blood and body fluids
Aggressive patients
Upset family members
Unfamiliar settings
Blood and body fluids
A patient experiencing pain in the thoracic region of his spinal column has pain in his:
Neck
Lower back
Upper back
Tailbone
Upper back
The safest and most efficient way of using your body to gain mechanical advantage is:
The power lift
To call for backup
To reduce the distance an object must be used
Body mechanics
…
Which of these findings would present EARLIEST in a patient with hypothermia?
Confusion
Hypotension
Shivering
Bradycardia
Shivering
You have been given an order to cut through the “B” posts of a typical four-door car with a trapped passenger inside. Which posts do you cut?
The posts that the front doors close against
The posts that support the front windshield
The posts that the rear doors close against
The posts that support the rear windshield
…
To be a medical director of an ambulance service, which requirement must the interested individual satisfy?
Licensed physician
Emergency physician with surgical experience
Physician who was a paramedic
Physician with a college degree in EMS
Licensed physician
Which of these conditions would the EMT associate with hypoxic drive?
Congestive heart failure
Pneumonia
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Diabetes
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Which of these medications is included in the EMT scope of practice?
Tylenol
Oral glucose
Motrin
Benadryl
Oral glucose
An adult patient has full-thickness burns to the fronts of both legs and the entire left arm. Using the rule of nines, you estimate what percentage of the patient’s body has been burned?
32 percent
45 percent
27 percent
36 percent
27 percent
Which patient is appropriately positioned for transport?
An alert 67-year-old woman with nausea in a sitting position
A critically injured 18-month-old child in a car seat
A hypotensive 48-year-old man in Fowler’s position
A 23-year-old pregnant woman in a supine position
An alert 67-year-old woman with nausea in a sitting position
Which patient has the BEST chance for an optimal outcome after drowning?
A 34-year-old female who was submerged for 9 minutes in 39°F water
A 47-year-old male who was submerged for 8 minutes in a heated swimming pool
A 22-year-old female who was submerged for 10 minutes in a whirlpool with 90°F water
A 17-year-old female who was submerged for 10 to 12 minutes in warm salt water
A 34-year-old female who was submerged for 9 minutes in 39°F water
A 14-year-old boy has fallen through a plate glass window and is bleeding heavily from a laceration to his arm. His panicked mother has called 911 for help. Since the 911 operators are also emergency medical dispatchers, what sort of assistance will they be able to provide?
Simultaneous notification of the hospital
Whether the EMS response is covered by medical insurance
Instructions on how to control bleeding
The names of the EMTs who are responding
Instructions on how to control bleeding
Your legal right to function as an EMT is contingent upon:
Standing orders and protocols, as approved by medical direction
Avoiding civil liability
Completing an approved EMT program
Gaining paid employment by a public EMS system
Standing orders and protocols, as approved by medical direction
Trends in a patient’s condition are BEST noted during which phase of patient assessment?
Secondary assessment
Primary assessment
General impression
Reassessment
Reassessment
A patient with a maxillary fracture has sustained injury to their:
Orbits
Lower jaw
Nose and orbits
Upper jaw
Upper jaw
