Ch 3 review Flashcards
What does the term “alternation of generations”
describe?
a life cycle that alternates between diploid and haploid forms
Describe two differences between spores and
gametes
First, a spore can develop into a new organism without fusing with another cell.
In contrast, two gametes must fuse to form a zygote.
Second, spores of some plants have tough coats that enable them to resist harsh environments.
Gametes are not adapted to resist harsh conditions
What information is used to create phylogenetic trees?
A phylogenetic tree can be built using physical information like body shape, bone structure, or behavior. Or it can be built from molecular information, like genetic sequences
Which plant phyla have a dominant
gametophyte generation?
mosses
Why is the term invertebrate not considered a
taxonomic rank?
The term invertebrates is not always precise among non-biologists since it does not accurately describe a taxon in the same way that Arthropoda, Vertebrata or Manidae do.
Each of these terms describes a valid taxon, phylum, subphylum or family
What evolutionary step is present in ferns but
not mosses? Describe how it is an advantage.
Vascularization, the formation of tubes to carry fluid throughout an organism, was the next step in plants’ invasion of land, allowing plants to reach greater heights by connecting above-ground
shoots and underground roots
it’s an advantage because in a crowded habitat, any plant able to grow higher than its neighbours would be able to capture more sunlight and be
more successful
Apart from animals, do other organisms have
symmetry in their form and structure?
In addition to animals, the flowers of some plants also show bilateral symmetry.
Such plants are referred to as zygomorphic and include the orchid (Orchidaceae) and pea (Fabaceae) families, and most of the figwort family (Scrophulariaceae).
The leaves of plants also commonly show approximate bilateral symmetry
Analyze two adaptations plants evolved to grow
on land. Why were they necessary for plants to
be successful in terrestrial environments?
retaining water and prevent water loss–> through cuticle and transpiration.
support–> must be able to support its body and hold up leaves for photosynthesis (using cell walls and vascular tissue)
Propose a reason why mosses and amphibians
are extremely susceptible to changes in the
environment.
they lack complexity and don’t have as many specialized structures as other organisms that help them to be less susceptible to changes in their environment
How is the life cycle of the protist Plasmodium
similar to the life cycle of a plant?
alternates between different forms
Green algae has been recently moved from
the protist kingdom to the plant kingdom.
What features of green algae make it hard to
classify?
green algae have cell walls and photosynthetic pigments identical to plants, but don’t undergo alternation of generations
West Nile virus has been resident in bird
populations for many years. But it was not
until 1999 that West Nile virus was first
observed in North America. The maps below
show the geographic range and spread of West
Nile over 10 years. What phenomenon is likely
a major contributor to the pattern in the map?
West Nile virus is transmitted to birds through the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes become infected by biting infected birds
-mosquitoes pass it on to humans when they bite them
