11.1 Blood and Vessels Flashcards
3 major components of the circulatory system
blood, heart, blood vessels
the blood
-A type of connective tissue, made up of cells and liquid
-Carries nutrients and waste
the heart
-Multi-chambered, muscular organ
-Pumps blood throughout the body (force)
blood vessels
-Tubes that form a pipeline through the body
-Transport blood (+nutrients +waste) around the body
organisms that have an open circulatory system
grasshopper, insects, lobsters, crabs
organisms that have a closed circulatory system
earthworms, squids, humans
describe an open circulatory system
-Blood is not contained within vessels
-Tubular heart pumps blood through vessels
-Vessels open into spongy chambers called sinuses
-Deoxygenated blood is collected from another set of sinuses making its way back to the heart
describe a closed circulatory system
-Blood is contained within blood vessels
-Nutrients, O2 , and waste move in and out through thin walls of vessels
-Blood is circulated more efficiently in a closed system
-It can be pumped under higher pressure
in which circulatory system is blood enclosed in a heart?
closed circulatory system
in which circulatory system is blood circulated more efficiently?
closed circulatory system
blood is a specialized _____ ______, that’s part cellular and part liquid
connective tissue
what is blood composed of?
platelets, plasma, RBC’s, WBC’s
another name for red blood cells
erythrocytes
another name for white blood cells
leukocytes
functions of blood
Transports O2, water, nutrients to cells
Removes waste from cells
Aids in temperature regulation
Helps to fight infection and heal wounds
plasma is ___% of blood volume
55%
___% of plasma is water
90%
how does the water in plasma help the body?
Helps to control body temperature
10% of plasma is made up of ___________________
10% made of proteins, dissolved nutrients, and wastes
how do plasma proteins help the body?
Plasma proteins transport fatty acids and vitamins, and fight viral and bacterial infections
____% of RBC’s make up blood volume
45%
function of RBC’s
Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.
what gives RBCs their crimson colour?
O2 molecules bind to the iron portion of hemoglobin, which gives it a crimson colour
RBC’s are produced in the ___________
bone marrow
what gives RBCs their disk shape?
As RBC’s mature they lose their nuclei and mitochondria (making them disc-shaped)
how does the shape of RBCs benefit them?
Shape provides increased surface area for O2 transfer and flexibility to fit through blood vessels
Why can’t RBCs replace proteins, grow, or divide?
because it does not have a nucleus
what is the typical lifespan of an RBC?
100-120 days
Where does the iron from old RBC’s go?
gets recycled and returned to the bone marrow where it is used in new RBC’s
function of WBC’s
Guard against infection
Fight parasites
Attack bacteria
Why don’t WBC’s have to stay within blood vessels?
They need to move through the vessel walls when they are needed to attack foreign organisms
WBC’s travel to the ___________ to resolve the issue
site of infection
what is pus?
combination of WBC’s and dead bacteria
where are WBCs produced?
WBC’s are also produced in the bone marrow
true or false: WBC’s keep their nuclei and live for years
true
what are platelets
Plasma proteins that aid in the clotting process
how are platelets formed?
cell fragments that originate when the cytoplasm of bone marrow cells divide
true or false: putting pressure on the wound makes clotting process occur slower
false
putting pressure on the wound helps clotting process occur faster
what do platelets do when there are damaged blood vessels?
Platelets stick to site where there are damaged blood vessels
describe the clotting process
Platelets stick to site where there are damaged blood vessels
Platelets break apart and release clotting factors
-clotting factors make other platelets sticky and activate a series of reactions in the plasma
These reactions result in the formation of a strand-like protein called fibrin
-fibrin threads trap RBC’s and platelets
Within minutes this network of threads and cells builds up, forming a patch that stretches over the torn tissue
When this dries it forms a scab, which protects the area while new tissue is formed
when clotting factors make other platelets sticky and activate a series of reactions in the plasma, what does the reaction result in?
a strand-like protein called fibrin
how is a scab formed?
-fibrin threads trapped RBC’s and platelets
-within minutes this network of threads and cells builds up, forming a patch that stretches over the torn tissue
-when this dries it forms a scab, which protects the area while new tissue is formed
basic description of steps in clotting process
Platelets stick to site
Platelets break apart to form clotting factors
Fibrin is produced
Thick web/mesh formed trapping RBC’s and platelets
Mesh like barrier is formed around injury site to protect while healing
3 types of blood vessels
arteries, veins, capillaries