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Biology 11 > 1.2 Science of Classification > Flashcards

1.2 Science of Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientists use __________ to help identify organisms

A

Dichotomous Keys

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2
Q

What is a dichotomous key?

A

a series of questions about how an organism looks to help identify it.

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3
Q

taxonomy definition

A

the science of naming, identifying and classifying species

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4
Q

Taxonomical Classification

A

-Organizes species into groups based on
relatedness
-Helps scientists better understand how species are
related

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5
Q

Inbreeding of one species will reduce ____________

A

genetic diversity

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6
Q

Consequences of inbreeding one species

A

Epilepsy, breathing problems twisted stomachs, hip dysplasia

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7
Q

Based on what did Linnaeus classify organisms?

A

He categorized organisms based on Morphology (How they looked)

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8
Q

What did Linnaeus develop?

A

Developed binomial nomenclature

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9
Q

What is Binomial Nomenclature?

A

-Two part Latin name of an organism; genus followed by species
-Names must be Italicized or underlined

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10
Q

Not all organisms belong to the same ____ so different species are grouped into separate categories

A

genus

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11
Q

What are the 7 taxonomical levels?

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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12
Q

How many races/species of homo sapiens exist today?

A

-There is only one species or ‘’race’’ of humans currently alive today.
(The term “race” has been misused by people to promote subjugation of others based on appearance)

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13
Q

Ursus Americanus

A

American Black Bear

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14
Q

Ursus Maritimus

A

Polar Bear

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15
Q

Ursus horribilis

A

Grizzly Bear

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16
Q

We now can organize species based on their evolution using ______________

A

genetic analysis

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17
Q

Why was the red panda was once believed to be related to the great panda?

A

The red panda was once believed to be related to the great panda based on their morphological similarities

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18
Q

What did genetics prove about the red panda?

A

Genetics proved the red panda is more related to raccoons

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19
Q

Phylogeny definition

A

the evolutionary development of a group of organisms

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20
Q

Phylogenetic Tree

A

a diagram that illustrates the evolutionary relationships between species

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21
Q

Taxon – (pl. Taxa)

A

a group of related organisms

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22
Q

Common Ancestor

A

an ancestor shared by two or more species

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23
Q

Domain

A

the broadest category of life

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24
Q

What are the 3 domains of life?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

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25
Q

Describe the domain bacteria

A

Prokaryotic
Single Celled
Cell walls with peptidoglycan (sugar)
Autotrophic/ Heterotrophic
No membrane bound nucleus

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26
Q

Describe the domain archaea

A

Prokaryotic
Single Celled
Cell walls WITHOUT Peptidoglycan
Autotrophic/ Heterotrophic
No membrane bound nucleus
Very Similar to Bacteria
(Pyrococcus furiosa and Thermoproteus are hyperthermophiles)

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27
Q

Describe the domain eukarya

A

Eukaryotic
Single or Multicellular
Membrane bound nucleus
Split into FOUR major kingdoms:
Protista*
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

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28
Q

Why are protists not a true group?

A

Protists are a collection of oddball organisms and are not a true group

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29
Q

Describe the kingdom Protista

A

Cell walls of Cellulose
Mostly single celled (unicellular); colonial and multicellular
Heterotrophic/Autotrophic
Can be Animal, plant or fungus-like
Ex. Amoeba Paramecium

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30
Q

Describe the kingdom Fungi

A

Cell walls of Chitin
Mostly multicellular; can be unicellular
Breaks down organic matter into nutrients

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31
Q

Describe the kingdom Plantae

A

Cell walls of Cellulose
Contain Chloroplasts (Photosynthetic organelles)
Mostly multicellular; unicellular
Autotrophic
Mosses, Ferns, Flowering Plants etc.

32
Q

Describe the kingdom Animalia

A

Cell Membrane (No cell walls/No Chloroplasts)
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Birds, Fish, Reptiles, Mammals, Insects etc.

33
Q

Kingdom of bacteria

A

eubacteria

34
Q

cell type of bacteria

A

prokaryote

35
Q

cell structures of bacteria

A

Cell walls with peptidoglycan, a coat of sugars

36
Q

number of cells in bacteria

A

unicellular

37
Q

mode of nutrition of bacteria

A

Makes its own food or eats other organisms

38
Q

examples of bacteria

A

Staphylococcus, Salmonella

39
Q

kingdom of archaea

A

archaebacteria

40
Q

cell type of archaea

A

prokaryote

41
Q

cell structures of archaea

A

Cell walls WITHOUT peptidoglycan

42
Q

number of cells in archaea

A

unicellular

43
Q

mode of nutrition of archaea

A

Makes its own food or eats other organisms

44
Q

kingdoms in Eukarya

A

protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

45
Q

cell type of protista

A

eukaryote

46
Q

cell structures of protista

A

Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts

47
Q

number of cells in protista

A

Most unicellular,
some colonial,
some multicellular

48
Q

mode of nutrition of protista

A

Makes its own food or eats other organisms

49
Q

examples of protista

A

Amoeba,
Paramecium,
blue green algae

50
Q

cell type of fungi

A

eukaryote

51
Q

cell structures of fungi

A

Cell walls of chitin

52
Q

number of cells in fungi

A

Most multicellular, some unicellular

53
Q

mode of nutrition of fungi

A

Breaks down organic matter into nutrients

54
Q

examples of fungi

A

mold, mushrooms

55
Q

cell type of plantae

A

eukaryote

56
Q

cell structures of plantae

A

Cell walls of cellulose, chloroplasts

57
Q

number of cells in plantae

A

Most multicellular,
some unicellular

58
Q

mode of nutrition of plantae

A

Makes its own food

59
Q

examples of plantae

A

Mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants

60
Q

cell type of animalia

A

eukaryote

61
Q

cell structures in animalia

A

NO cell walls or chloroplasts

62
Q

number of cells in animalia

A

multicellular

63
Q

mode of nutrition of animalia

A

Eats other organisms

64
Q

examples of animalia

A

Jellyfish, worms, insects, birds, mammals

65
Q

How does the classification of organisms lead
to a better understanding of biodiversity?

A

A good understanding of biodiversity requires
a systematic approach to classifying living things that go beyond the physical appearance of organisms

-The classification of an organism often provides useful information about its evolutionary history and which other organisms are related to it.

66
Q

What are some advantages of using binomial
nomenclature?

A

-every organism on earth has a unique name which allows it to be identified
-efficient and used everywhere

67
Q

What is a dichotomous key and how is it used?

A

tool used by scientists and non-scientists to identify organisms with which they are unfamiliar

-poses a series of questions about an
organism, and each question asks users to choose between two possible characteristics that the organism may have

68
Q

Why are common names like daisy and
mountain lion often the source of confusion
for scientists?

A

Common names often refer to many different species and even organisms that are very different from each other

-Common names also vary from region to region. So they often can be very confusing to anyone but the locals in the region where they are used

69
Q

List the major taxonomic ranks in Linnaean
classification from largest to smallest

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

70
Q

What are the six kingdoms of life?

A

Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

71
Q

What is the major difference between
organisms that belong to the domain Eukarya
and organisms that belong to the domains
Bacteria and Archaea?

A

bacteria+archaea vs. eukarya
-unicellular vs multicellular
-cell walls vs. no cell walls
-no nucleus vs. nucleus
-no organelles vs. organelles

72
Q

The scientific name for the brown bear is
Ursus arctos. What does each part of the
name represent?

A

first part (genus), second part (species)

73
Q

Explain how the terms “species” and
“organism” are similar and different

A

According to the biological species concept, organisms belong to the same species if they can interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring.

An “organism” is an individual. A “species” is a population of organisms.

74
Q

What is a major problem of traditional
Linnaean classification? Give an example that
demonstrates this problem

A

taxonomists encounter difficulties when they use only anatomical similarities and differences to classify organisms.

For example, koala bears, polar bears, and giant pandas look somewhat similar anatomically, but deeper analysis reveals major differences among the three species

75
Q

The family that contains wolves and foxes is
characterized by complex social structures.
If dingoes are a part of the same family, what
information do you know about these animals?

A

they share similar characteristics to wolves and foxes

76
Q

Explain why scientists have had difficulty in
classifying the giant panda.

A

-Giant pandas share many characteristics with red
pandas and raccoons, making the species challenging to classify.
-After analyzing the DNA of these organisms, scientists have determined that giant pandas are
more closely related to bears than red pandas or raccoons

Biology 11 (58 decks)

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