Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 11 > 3.2 Exploring Animal DIversity > Flashcards

3.2 Exploring Animal DIversity Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

members of this kingdom are…

A

Eukaryotic
Lack cell walls
Multicellular
Heterotrophs
Motile (at some point)
Form a hollow ball of cells, called a blastula, during embryological development
35 different phyla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

blastula

A

a hollow ball of cells formed during embryological development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

evolution of animals

A

Similar to plants in terms of movement from water onto land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

bodyplan of animals

A

-Unique to each species
- “Blueprint”
-body symmetry, body cavity, head,
embryological development, segmentation,
limbs, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

asymmetrical

A

No distinctive shape
-no symmetry
E.g. Sea Sponges, phylum Porifera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Radial symmetry

A

-Cylindrical, body parts arranged around central axis
-Lack a head and have no real front or back end
-Interactions with env. from any direction; useful if sessile(can’t move)
-E.g. Sea Anemone, phylum Cnidaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

-Mirror image right and left sides
-Most common; well adapted for movement
-Cephalization: development of head with sensory organs
-ex. phylum arthropod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cephalization

A

development of head with sensory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

segmentation (repeating parts)

A

-Earthworms, aka annelids (“little rings”)
-Contain repeating segments that are all very similar except for a distinct head and tail
-Some segments may become specialized to perform certain functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Limbs (flippers, legs, wings)

A

Bilaterally symmetrical animals often have paired limbs or other external appendages
(e.g. gills, wings, antennae, fins, arms, etc.)

These limbs may be used for many purposes
(e.g. movement or defense)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

zygote

A

diploid
forms when sperm fertilizes an egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

blastula

A

-a hollow ball of dividing cells
-Infolding forms a tube from one end to the other
-Forms the digestive tract (mouth OR anus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what forms the digestive tract

A

blastula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

blastopore

A

the first opening of digestive tract
If Mouth = protostome
(protos = first, stoma = mouth)
If Anus = deuterostome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

protostome

A

mouth formed first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

deuterostome

A

anus formed first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What sequence of development do biologists use to determine how closely species of animals are related?

A

blastopores and whether they’re protostomes or deuterostomes

18
Q

examples of protostomes

A

molluscs, arthropods, annelids

19
Q

examples of deuterstomes

A

echinoderms, chordates

20
Q

chordates vs. vertebrates

A

not all chordates are vertebrates
-(they don’t all have a backbone)

all vertebrates are chordates
-(they have a notochord, which all chordates have)

21
Q

what is animal evolution traced through

A

Animal evolution is traced through comparative anatomy, embryology, genetics, and molecular studies

22
Q

order of groups in vertebrate phylogeny

A

Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Rotifers
Molluscs
Annelids
Roundworms
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates

23
Q

vertebrates

A

have a backbone

24
Q

invertebrates

A

DO NOT have a backbone
Comprise more that 98% of all animals!

25
Q

examples of invertebrates

A

porifera (sponges)

cnidaria (jellyfish, anemones)

platyhelminthes (flatworms)

nematoda (roundworms)

annelids (segmented worms)

mollusca (snails, squids, clams)

arthropods (insects, crustaceans, spiders)

echinodermata (sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers)

26
Q

vertebrate examples

A

hagfishes
lampreys
sharks and ray
ray-finned fish
lobe-finned fish
lung fishes
amphibia(frog, salamanders)
mammals
turtles
lizards, snakes
crocodiles, alligators
aves (birds)

27
Q

vertebrates

A

Make up most of the phylum chordata
-fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, and
humans
Skull and backbone are 2 unique features:
-protect main parts of nervous system
-vertebrae enclose nerve cord
-skull protects brain

28
Q

evolution of vertebrates

A

-Hagfishes and Lampreys are the most closely related to the common ancestor of all vertebrates
-ALL vertebrates other than Hagfishes and Lampreys have hinged jaws
-The evolution of the hinged jaw in sharks and rays enabled vertebrates to capture and eat a wide variety of prey
-The development of paired limbs in these fish also aided in catching prey and locomotion

29
Q

give examples of further evolutionary developments which allowed vertebrates to survive and reproduce on land

A

lungs/derivatives, legs, and amniotic eggs

30
Q

what is the definition of an animal?

A

an animal is an organism that has/follows all these characteristics:

Eukaryotic
Lack cell walls
Multicellular
Heterotrophs
Motile (at some point)
Form a hollow ball of cells, called a blastula, during embryological development

31
Q

what distinguishes an animal from animal-like protists?

A

Protists are unicellular organisms, whereas animals are multicellular organisms.

32
Q

what is the significance of the blastula during embryological development?

A

develops into a digestive tract, whether it’s mouth first or anus first determines if you’re a protostome or deuterostome

33
Q

give one example of a vertebrate without hinged jaws, and one example of a vertebrate with hinged jaws

A

w/o = hagfish, lampreys

with= turtles, alligators

34
Q

what characteristics are unique to vertebrate animals?

A

-skull
-backbone

35
Q

what advantage does cephalization give bilaterally symmetrical animals?

A

The cephalization/bilateral symmetry combination allowed animals to have sensory organs facing the direction of movement, allowing a more focused assessment of the environment into which they are moving.

36
Q

explain the evolutionary significance of the amniotic egg

A

waterproof egg with a shell, allowed vertebrates to reproduce on land

37
Q

describe how embryonic development can indicate the evolutionary relationships between different invertebrates

A

depending on if their mouth or anus formed first, making them a protostome or deuterstome, is what biologists use to determine how closely related species of animals are

38
Q

suppose you are a zoologist working in a labratory. An animal you are observing has the following characteristics: bilateral symmetry, open circulatory system, mantle cavity and a complete digestive tract. In which phylum does this animal belong?

A

molluscs

39
Q

compare and contrast the process of digestion in flatworms, roundworms, and annelids

A

flatworms- digestive sac

roundworms- complete digestive tract with 2 openings + has stomach and intestines

annelids- complete digestive tract with 2 openings + has stomach and intestines

40
Q

describe how tetrapods may have evolved from fish-like ancestors

A

Limbs and lungs evolved in certain fishes that scientists hypothesize included the ancestors of terrestrial vertebrates.

Leg-like limbs may have allowed these animals to paddle and crawl through the dense vegetation and could support their weight as they moved onto land

41
Q

feathers

A

modified scales that may have evolved as insulation to conserve heat

42
Q

the backbone of vertebrates is composed of a series of skeletal segments called ____, which enclose the nerve cord

A

vertebrae

Biology 11 (58 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions