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AQA A-Level Human Geography > 🌆CASE STUDY - Semakau Landfill > Flashcards

🌆CASE STUDY - Semakau Landfill Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Semakau Landfill?

A

Singapore

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2
Q

What is the population of Singapore?

A

5.6 milion

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3
Q

Why are such large amounts of waste produced?

A

Due to the urban nature of the entire country

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4
Q

How has waste output increased?

A

From 1260 tonnes per day in 1970 to 8559 tonnes per day in 2016, a 6 fold increase

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5
Q

How much of its waste does Singapore recycle?

A

More than half

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6
Q

What waste disposal method has Singapore adopted?

A

Waste-to-energy as it incinerates rubbish to generate electricity

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7
Q

How much does incineration reduce the volume of waste by?

A

90%

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8
Q

Where is the 10% of non-combustible waste and ash sent?

A

To the Semakau Landfill

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9
Q

Why is Semakau unique?

A

It is Singapore’s only landfill

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10
Q

How are environmental impacts reduced at the incineration plants?

A

They are fitted with electrostatic precipitators, lime injectors and fabric filters to treat and clean flue gas from the combustion process

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11
Q

What is heat from incineration used for?

A

Generating steam in boilers, which drive turbines and produce electricity

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12
Q

How much electricity was generated by incineration plants in 2005?

A

938,000MWh

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13
Q

What capacity does the landfill have?

A

63 million m3

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14
Q

How was the landfill created?

A

The island was dug out with a 7km perimeter embankment

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15
Q

What was the embankment lined with?

A

An impermeable membrane to prevent leachate entering the sea

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16
Q

What happens to leachate generated at the plant?

A

Treated and the effluent is discharged into the sea

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17
Q

What happened in July 2005?

A

The landfill was opened for recreational activities and now receives thousands of visitors

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18
Q

What was planted around the island?

A

13.6 hectares of mangroves to replace those uprooted during the construction of the landfill

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19
Q

What is located around the perimeter bund of the island?

A

A network of monitoring wells to indicate pollution should there be a leak in the impermeable membrane

20
Q

How do the mangroves aid the island?

A

They act as secondary indicators of pollution should there be a leak

21
Q

What happens when the landfill cell is filled to ground level?

A

It is covered with earth and grass to allow a new ecosystem to thrive

22
Q

Why is it crucial that Singapore has an efficient system of waste collection and disposal?

A

Very limited land area
Dense population

23
Q

How is wasted collected?
How often is it collected?

A

Bin trucks
Once a fortnight

24
Q

Where does the waste collected go?

A

Goes to recycling and incineration plants
Semakau, offshore landfill

25
Q

How much of the waste produced in 2012 was recycled?

A

60%

26
Q

How much of the waste produced was transported to Semakau?

A

3%

27
Q

How long is Semakau estimated to last before becoming full?
What happens after this?

A

1999- 2045
Singapore will once again have the dilemma of where to put their waste

28
Q

How much of Singapore’s energy does waste burning generate?

A

2-3%

29
Q

What could be done with the ash from incineration in the future?
Advantages of this?

A

Used for pavements (currently being tested)
Sends less to landfill

30
Q

What is the other use of Semakau?
Activities that happen here?

A

Eco Park
Bird watching and stargazing

31
Q

How does Semakau enhance biodiversity?

A

Home to more than 700 plants, animals and endangered species

32
Q

What percentage of toxic gases and metals are removed with the pollution filters in the incineration plant?

A

99%

33
Q

What heat and power complex is in Copenhagen?

A

Amager Bakke

34
Q

Where is the Amager Bakke complex?

A

Copenhagen

35
Q

How much did the Amager Bakke complex cost?

A

$611m

36
Q

How many homes does the Amager Bakke complex cost?

A

150,000

37
Q

How many tonnes of waste can the Amager Bakke complex treat?

A

400,000t

38
Q

Why is the Amager Bakke complex unique?

A

Ski slope on roof to offer recreation

39
Q

Redditch crematorium

A

. Uses heat from burning to heat a swimming pool
. Reduces gas bill by 40%

40
Q

What was the Samaku landfill originally home to and who took it over?

A

Subsistence fishermen and it was taken over by the Singapore government

41
Q

How much did the Singapore Semakau Landfill Site cost (phase 1 and 2)?

A

Phase 1 - 1999 - $610 million
Phase 2 - 2015 - $36 million

42
Q

How big is the Semakau Landfill?

A

3.5sqkm

43
Q

What was set up in 2017 on the island?

A

Singapore’s largest wind turbine and a solar generation plant

44
Q

What could 90 hectares of the island be turned into?

A

A self-sustaining eco-park

45
Q

How many public recycling bags are there in Singapore and how often are they collected?

A

6000 public bins - every 2 weeks

AQA A-Level Human Geography (58 decks)

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