🌍Case Study - Banana Flashcards
How many kinds of banana are there?
1,000 varieties
What is the most common banana and what % production does it account for
. Cavendish
. 97%
What % of production are bananas in Africa
70-80%
How many tonnes of Cavendish are produced each year
50 billion tonnes
Growth in banana production in 2000 and in 2015
. 68.2 million - 2000
. 117.9 million - 2015
. Annual growth of 3.7%
Where are bananas mostly produced
Asia, Latin America and Africa
What country is the biggest producer of bananas and how many do they produce a year
India - 29 million tonnes a year
How many hectares of land are dedicated to banana growth?
5.2 million
What are the main drivers of global banana production
Increasing consumption requirements of rising populations in developing countries
How has production expanded
. Increased harvested area - India and China doubled their area
. Improved productivity at farm level
. More fertilisers
How much does the banana industry generate
$8 billion a year
What % of bananas are traded at the international market
15%, rest is consumed locally
What country has the biggest banana industry in terms of sales
Ecuador - nearly $3 million, accounted for 33% of total exports
Where are exports from Africa and the Caribbean mostly traded
European market
Where are exports from central and South America mostly traded
North America and Western Europe
What % of global imports of bananas are from the EU
30%
What country has the highest consumption rate of bananas
Philippines 60kg a year
In rural areas of developing countries what % of calories intake do they provide
25%
How many big multinational trading companies deal with the banana
5 including Chiquitta
What % of available bananas do UK supermarkets sell to the consumer
80%
What disease threatens banana production
TK4 attacks the roots of the plant
Does banana disease threaten food security
. Limited impact as TK4 spread is gradual
. But once a disease is established the cant be eradicated
Environmental impact of bananas
. Loss of biodiversity
. Damages soil and habitats
Impact of climate change on bananas
. Decline in productivity
. Fairtrade has developed a climate strategy e.g. teach farmers to deal with red rust thrips
(Banana wars) who did the EU prefer
Caribbean due to colonial history
What were banana producers like in the Carribean
Small scale farmers who own and work their own land
When were the banana wars
1992 until 2009
What agreement ended the war
Geneva Banana Agreement
What did the EU introduce for the Caribbean’s at the start of the war
Preferential tariff free import quotas to protect smaller family run farms
What was banana production like in Latin America
. Produced cheaply on mechanised plantationss
. Exploitation of workers
How did TNC’s react to the EU’s trarrifs
Complained to the white house and WTO
Why did the US want to bring a case against the EU
To protect the interests of the US company Chiquita in Latin America
How did the WTO rule
Against the EU and ordered them to cease discrimination
What happened after the WTO’s ruling
Eu proposals did not satisfy the larger producers so a trade war began between the EU and USA
What did the USA do to the EU in the trade war
Impose tariffs on EU imports like whiskey
What happened at the end of the war
A compromise was reached and the EU agreed to gradually reduce tariffs on Latin American bananas
What did the EU reduce tariffs from and to in Latin America
From £176 to £114
How much did the EU pledge to help Caribbean farmers
$200 million
What % of bananas do the EU import from Latin America
70%
