🌍3.2.1.2 - Global systems Flashcards
What is interdependence?
When governments, companies, and countries are reliant and dependent upon one another
What can unequal flows of money and people create?
Stability, but also inequality
In unequal flows of people, what are the pros for source countries?
Migrants may send money back to the home country - remittances
Reduces pressure on services in the country, population pressure
In unequal flows of people, what are the cons for source countries?
Population decrease, fewer people, smaller workforce
Looses tax, decrease in economy and skills
Population ages as younger people move away
Many people die on the way, boats on Mediterranean
In unequal flows of people, what are the pros for recipient countries?
Greater workforce, boosts economy Cheap labour Greater levels of tax, more people spending Culture, social links Skilled workforce, doctors etc Fills low skill, low paid jobs
In unequal flows of people, what are the cons for recipient countries?
Increased population, demand for housing, jobs etc
Demand for infrastructure
Can lead to social tension, race riots, unrest
Increases cost for border control
1.53 million detained on Mexico border, costly
Human rights issues, Qatar
What is the World Bank?
Organisation of 188 countries who work to promote financial co-operation to reduce poverty, usually through promotion of trade and high employment
What is the UN?
Known as the ‘Guardian of International Peace, Security and Human rights’. Promotes development of poorer nations through work with the IMF and World Bank
What is the WTO?
Deals with the rules of trade between countries ensuring trade flows freely, in favour of free trade
What is the IMF?
Important source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries, main aim is to reduce poverty
What is outsourcing?
The movement of labour to developing nations to use cheap labour costs and less strict working conditions
What can the impacts of outsourcing be?
Loss of jobs and de-industrialisation in the outsourcing country
What is the de-multiplier effect?
Once people have lost their jobs, they can’t spend, so services in an area are lost and the area falls into decline
What is the Gini Index?
Used to indicate internal inequality
What would a Gini Index value of 1 indicate?
That all a country’s income went to one person
What would a Gini Index value of 0 indicate?
The a country’s income was divided completely equally
How has the World Gini coefficient changed over the last 200 years?
It has risen, from 0.43 in 1820 to 0.68 in 2005
What is an example of product interdependence?
Ukraine’s reliance on Russia for their oil and natural gas, and Russia’s reliance on Ukraine and EU for income
How much of Ukraine’s Gas comes from Russia?
1/2
How much of the EU’s gas comes from Russia?
1/3
What happened in 2002 that angered Russia over Ukraine?
NATO asked Ukraine to join, and the EU suggested joining EFTA
How did Russia react to the offerings from the EU to Ukraine?
They offered oil discounts and money for rejecting the deals
When did Russia turn off Ukraine’s gas supply?
2006, 2009, 2014
Which countries are 100% reliant on Russia for their gas?
Finland, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia
How much of Russia’s income comes from oil and gas sales?
50%
Global systems
Any organisation, groupings or activities that link different parts of the world
Global governance
Attempts to regulate global systems and activities for example by the UN
What was the most globalised country in 2012 and what is it today?
. 2012 - Iceland
. Today - Switzerland
. Shows that globalisation is dynamic
Flow of information
. Info like financial data can quickly spread
. Social media means it can be shared quickly
. This makes the world more interconnceted
Flows of capital
. Invented money
. Foreign direct investment has increased
. ICT investments encourage flows of capital
Flows of services
. Economic activities not based around producing material goods
. CAn be anywhere in the world due to ICT
Flows of labour
. Movement of people from one country to another
How much did international migration increase between 2000 and 2015?
40%
How many doctors are not British
26%
How many million shipping containers are there
17
How many trips do containers make
200 million
How long for and how many days do ships operate for
. 24th a day and 280 days
What % of climate change emissions is shipping responsible for
3.5% - 4%
How many containers are manufactured in China
97%
How many bananas can the biggest container ships hold?
745 million
How many container ships are lost at sea every year
675
